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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "STRFTIME" 3P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" strftime 
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.SH NAME
+strftime \- convert date and time to a string
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fB#include <time.h>
+.br
+.sp
+size_t strftime(char *restrict\fP \fIs\fP\fB, size_t\fP \fImaxsize\fP\fB,
+.br
+\ \ \ \ \ \  const char *restrict\fP \fIformat\fP\fB, const struct
+tm *restrict\fP
+\fItimeptr\fP\fB);
+.br
+\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIstrftime\fP() function shall place bytes into the array pointed
+to by \fIs\fP as controlled by the string pointed to by
+\fIformat\fP. The format is a character string, beginning and ending
+in its initial shift state, if any. The \fIformat\fP string
+consists of zero or more conversion specifications and ordinary characters.
+A conversion specification consists of a \fB'%'\fP
+character, possibly followed by an \fBE\fP or \fBO\fP modifier, and
+a terminating conversion specifier character that
+determines the conversion specification's behavior. All ordinary characters
+(including the terminating null byte) are copied
+unchanged into the array. If copying takes place between objects that
+overlap, the behavior is undefined. No more than
+\fImaxsize\fP bytes are placed into the array. Each conversion specifier
+is replaced by appropriate characters as described in the
+following list. The appropriate characters are determined using the
+\fILC_TIME\fP category of the current locale and by the values
+of zero or more members of the broken-down time structure pointed
+to by \fItimeptr\fP, as specified in brackets in the
+description. If any of the specified values are outside the normal
+range, the characters stored are unspecified.
+.LP
+Local timezone information is used as though \fIstrftime\fP() called
+\fItzset\fP(). 
+.LP
+The following conversion specifications are supported:
+.TP 7
+\fB%a\fP
+Replaced by the locale's abbreviated weekday name. [ \fItm_wday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%A\fP
+Replaced by the locale's full weekday name. [ \fItm_wday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%b\fP
+Replaced by the locale's abbreviated month name. [ \fItm_mon\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%B\fP
+Replaced by the locale's full month name. [ \fItm_mon\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%c\fP
+Replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time representation.
+(See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fI<time.h>\fP.)
+.TP 7
+\fB%C\fP
+Replaced by the year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer, as
+a decimal number [00,99]. [ \fItm_year\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%d\fP
+Replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]. [ \fItm_mday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%D\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%m\fP / \fB%d\fP / \fB%y\fP . [ \fItm_mon\fP, \fItm_mday\fP,
+\fItm_year\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%e\fP
+Replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number [1,31]; a single
+digit is preceded by a space. [ \fItm_mday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%F\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%Y\fP - \fB%m\fP - \fB%d\fP (the ISO\ 8601:2000 standard
+date format). [ \fItm_year\fP,
+\fItm_mon\fP, \fItm_mday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%g\fP
+Replaced by the last 2 digits of the week-based year (see below) as
+a decimal number [00,99]. [ \fItm_year\fP, \fItm_wday\fP,
+\fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%G\fP
+Replaced by the week-based year (see below) as a decimal number (for
+example, 1977). [ \fItm_year\fP, \fItm_wday\fP,
+\fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%h\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%b\fP . [ \fItm_mon\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%H\fP
+Replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23].
+[ \fItm_hour\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%I\fP
+Replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12].
+[ \fItm_hour\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%j\fP
+Replaced by the day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]. [ \fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%m\fP
+Replaced by the month as a decimal number [01,12]. [ \fItm_mon\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%M\fP
+Replaced by the minute as a decimal number [00,59]. [ \fItm_min\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%n\fP
+Replaced by a <newline>.
+.TP 7
+\fB%p\fP
+Replaced by the locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m. [ \fItm_hour\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%r\fP
+Replaced by the time in a.m. and p.m. notation;  in the POSIX locale
+this shall be equivalent to \fB%I\fP :
+\fB%M\fP : \fB%S\fP \fB%p\fP .  [ \fItm_hour\fP,
+\fItm_min\fP, \fItm_sec\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%R\fP
+Replaced by the time in 24-hour notation ( \fB%H\fP : \fB%M\fP ).
+[ \fItm_hour\fP, \fItm_min\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%S\fP
+Replaced by the second as a decimal number [00,60]. [ \fItm_sec\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%t\fP
+Replaced by a <tab>.
+.TP 7
+\fB%T\fP
+Replaced by the time ( \fB%H\fP : \fB%M\fP : \fB%S\fP ). [ \fItm_hour\fP,
+\fItm_min\fP, \fItm_sec\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%u\fP
+Replaced by the weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing
+Monday. [ \fItm_wday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%U\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53].
+The first Sunday of January is the first day of week 1;
+days in the new year before this are in week 0. [ \fItm_year\fP, \fItm_wday\fP,
+\fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%V\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
+the week) as a decimal number [01,53]. If the week
+containing 1 January has four or more days in the new year, then it
+is considered week 1. Otherwise, it is the last week of the
+previous year, and the next week is week 1. Both January 4th and the
+first Thursday of January are always in week 1. [
+\fItm_year\fP, \fItm_wday\fP, \fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%w\fP
+Replaced by the weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing
+Sunday. [ \fItm_wday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%W\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53].
+The first Monday of January is the first day of week 1;
+days in the new year before this are in week 0. [ \fItm_year\fP, \fItm_wday\fP,
+\fItm_yday\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%x\fP
+Replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation. (See the
+Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+\fI<time.h>\fP.)
+.TP 7
+\fB%X\fP
+Replaced by the locale's appropriate time representation. (See the
+Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+\fI<time.h>\fP.)
+.TP 7
+\fB%y\fP
+Replaced by the last two digits of the year as a decimal number [00,99].
+[ \fItm_year\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%Y\fP
+Replaced by the year as a decimal number (for example, 1997). [ \fItm_year\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%z\fP
+Replaced by the offset from UTC in the ISO\ 8601:2000 standard format
+( \fB+hhmm\fP or \fB-hhmm\fP ), or by no
+characters if no timezone is determinable. For example, \fB"-0430"\fP
+means 4 hours 30 minutes behind UTC (west of Greenwich).
+\ If \fItm_isdst\fP is zero, the standard time offset is used. If
+\fItm_isdst\fP is greater than zero, the daylight savings
+time offset is used. If \fItm_isdst\fP is negative, no characters
+are returned.  [ \fItm_isdst\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%Z\fP
+Replaced by the timezone name or abbreviation, or by no bytes if no
+timezone information exists. [ \fItm_isdst\fP]
+.TP 7
+\fB%%\fP
+Replaced by \fB%\fP .
+.sp
+.LP
+If a conversion specification does not correspond to any of the above,
+the behavior is undefined.
+.LP
+If
+a \fBstruct tm\fP broken-down time structure is created by \fIlocaltime\fP()
+or \fIlocaltime_r\fP(), or modified by \fImktime\fP(), and the value
+of \fITZ\fP is subsequently modified, the results of the \fB%Z\fP
+and \fB%z\fP \fIstrftime\fP() conversion specifiers are undefined,
+when \fIstrftime\fP() is called with such a broken-down
+time structure.
+.LP
+If a \fBstruct tm\fP broken-down time structure is created or modified
+by \fIgmtime\fP() or \fIgmtime_r\fP(), it is unspecified
+whether the result of the \fB%Z\fP and \fB%z\fP conversion specifiers
+shall refer to UTC or the current local timezone, when
+\fIstrftime\fP() is called with such a broken-down time structure.
+.SS Modified Conversion Specifiers
+.LP
+Some conversion specifiers can be modified by the \fBE\fP or \fBO\fP
+modifier characters to indicate that an alternative
+format or specification should be used rather than the one normally
+used by the unmodified conversion specifier. If the alternative
+format or specification does not exist for the current locale (see
+ERA in the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 7.3.5, LC_TIME), the behavior shall
+be as if the unmodified conversion specification were used.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Ec\fP
+Replaced by the locale's alternative appropriate date and time representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%EC\fP
+Replaced by the name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternative
+representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Ex\fP
+Replaced by the locale's alternative date representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%EX\fP
+Replaced by the locale's alternative time representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Ey\fP
+Replaced by the offset from \fB%EC\fP (year only) in the locale's
+alternative representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%EY\fP
+Replaced by the full alternative year representation.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Od\fP
+Replaced by the day of the month, using the locale's alternative numeric
+symbols, filled as needed with leading zeros if there
+is any alternative symbol for zero; otherwise, with leading spaces.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Oe\fP
+Replaced by the day of the month, using the locale's alternative numeric
+symbols, filled as needed with leading spaces.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OH\fP
+Replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) using the locale's alternative
+numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OI\fP
+Replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) using the locale's alternative
+numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Om\fP
+Replaced by the month using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OM\fP
+Replaced by the minutes using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OS\fP
+Replaced by the seconds using the locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Ou\fP
+Replaced by the weekday as a number in the locale's alternative representation
+(Monday=1).
+.TP 7
+\fB%OU\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year (Sunday as the first day of
+the week, rules corresponding to \fB%U\fP ) using the
+locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OV\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
+the week, rules corresponding to \fB%V\fP ) using the
+locale's alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Ow\fP
+Replaced by the number of the weekday (Sunday=0) using the locale's
+alternative numeric symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%OW\fP
+Replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of
+the week) using the locale's alternative numeric
+symbols.
+.TP 7
+\fB%Oy\fP
+Replaced by the year (offset from \fB%C\fP ) using the locale's alternative
+numeric symbols.
+.sp
+.LP
+\fB%g\fP, \fB%G\fP, and \fB%V\fP give values according to the ISO\ 8601:2000
+standard week-based year. In this
+system, weeks begin on a Monday and week 1 of the year is the week
+that includes January 4th, which is also the week that includes
+the first Thursday of the year, and is also the first week that contains
+at least four days in the year. If the first Monday of
+January is the 2nd, 3rd, or 4th, the preceding days are part of the
+last week of the preceding year; thus, for Saturday 2nd January
+1999, \fB%G\fP is replaced by 1998 and \fB%V\fP is replaced by 53.
+If December 29th, 30th, or 31st is a Monday, it and any
+following days are part of week 1 of the following year. Thus, for
+Tuesday 30th December 1997, \fB%G\fP is replaced by 1998 and
+\fB%V\fP is replaced by 01.
+.LP
+If a conversion specifier is not one of the above, the behavior is
+undefined.
+.SH RETURN VALUE
+.LP
+If the total number of resulting bytes including the terminating null
+byte is not more than \fImaxsize\fP, \fIstrftime\fP()
+shall return the number of bytes placed into the array pointed to
+by \fIs\fP, not including the terminating null byte. Otherwise,
+0 shall be returned and the contents of the array are unspecified.
+.SH ERRORS
+.LP
+No errors are defined.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Getting a Localized Date String
+.LP
+The following example first sets the locale to the user's default.
+The locale information will be used in the \fInl_langinfo\fP() and
+\fIstrftime\fP() functions. The \fInl_langinfo\fP() function returns
+the localized date string which specifies how the date is
+laid out. The \fIstrftime\fP() function takes this information and,
+using the \fBtm\fP structure for values, places the date and
+time information into \fIdatestring\fP.
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB#include <time.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <langinfo.h>
+\&...
+struct tm *tm;
+char datestring[256];
+\&...
+setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
+\&...
+strftime (datestring, sizeof(datestring), nl_langinfo (D_T_FMT), tm);
+\&...
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+The range of values for \fB%S\fP is [00,60] rather than [00,59] to
+allow for the occasional leap second.
+.LP
+Some of the conversion specifications are duplicates of others. They
+are included for compatibility with \fInl_cxtime\fP() and
+\fInl_ascxtime\fP(), which were published in Issue 2.
+.LP
+Applications should use \fB%Y\fP (4-digit years) in preference to
+\fB%y\fP (2-digit years).
+.LP
+In the C locale, the \fBE\fP and \fBO\fP modifiers are ignored and
+the replacement strings for the following specifiers
+are:
+.TP 7
+\fB%a\fP
+The first three characters of \fB%A\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%A\fP
+One of Sunday, Monday, ..., Saturday.
+.TP 7
+\fB%b\fP
+The first three characters of \fB%B\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%B\fP
+One of January, February, ..., December.
+.TP 7
+\fB%c\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%a\fP \fB%b\fP \fB%e\fP \fB%T\fP \fB%Y\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%p\fP
+One of AM or PM.
+.TP 7
+\fB%r\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%I\fP : \fB%M\fP : \fB%S\fP \fB%p\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%x\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%m\fP / \fB%d\fP / \fB%y\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%X\fP
+Equivalent to \fB%T\fP .
+.TP 7
+\fB%Z\fP
+Implementation-defined.
+.sp
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIasctime\fP(), \fIclock\fP(), \fIctime\fP(),
+\fIdifftime\fP(), \fIgetdate\fP(), \fIgmtime\fP(), \fIlocaltime\fP(),
+\fImktime\fP(),
+\fIstrptime\fP(), \fItime\fP(), \fItzset\fP(),
+\fIutime\fP(), Base Definitions volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+Section 7.3.5, LC_TIME, \fI<time.h>\fP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .