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diff --git a/man-pages-posix-2003/man1p/chown.1p b/man-pages-posix-2003/man1p/chown.1p new file mode 100644 index 0000000..21b02e7 --- /dev/null +++ b/man-pages-posix-2003/man1p/chown.1p @@ -0,0 +1,269 @@ +.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved +.TH "CHOWN" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual" +.\" chown +.SH PROLOG +This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. +The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult +the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), +or the interface may not be implemented on Linux. +.SH NAME +chown \- change the file ownership +.SH SYNOPSIS +.LP +\fBchown\fP \fB[\fP\fB-hR\fP\fB]\fP \fIowner\fP\fB[\fP\fB:\fP\fIgroup\fP\fB]\fP +\fIfile\fP \fB... +.br +.sp +chown -R\fP \fB[\fP\fB-H | -L | -P\fP \fB]\fP \fIowner\fP\fB[\fP\fB:\fP\fIgroup\fP\fB]\fP +\fIfile\fP \fB... +.br +\fP +.SH DESCRIPTION +.LP +The \fIchown\fP utility shall set the user ID of the file named by +each \fIfile\fP operand to the user ID specified by the +\fIowner\fP operand. +.LP +For each \fIfile\fP operand, or, if the \fB-R\fP option is used, each +file encountered while walking the directory trees +specified by the \fIfile\fP operands, the \fIchown\fP utility shall +perform actions equivalent to the \fIchown\fP() function defined in +the System Interfaces volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, +called with the following arguments: +.IP " 1." 4 +The \fIfile\fP operand shall be used as the \fIpath\fP argument. +.LP +.IP " 2." 4 +The user ID indicated by the \fIowner\fP portion of the first operand +shall be used as the \fIowner\fP argument. +.LP +.IP " 3." 4 +If the \fIgroup\fP portion of the first operand is given, the group +ID indicated by it shall be used as the \fIgroup\fP +argument; otherwise, the group ownership shall not be changed. +.LP +.LP +Unless \fIchown\fP is invoked by a process with appropriate privileges, +the set-user-ID and set-group-ID bits of a regular file +shall be cleared upon successful completion; the set-user-ID and set-group-ID +bits of other file types may be cleared. +.SH OPTIONS +.LP +The \fIchown\fP utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume +of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines. +.LP +The following options shall be supported by the implementation: +.TP 7 +\fB-h\fP +If the system supports user IDs for symbolic links, for each \fIfile\fP +operand that names a file of type symbolic link, +\fIchown\fP shall attempt to set the user ID of the symbolic link. +If the system supports group IDs for symbolic links, and a +group ID was specified, for each \fIfile\fP operand that names a file +of type symbolic link, \fIchown\fP shall attempt to set the +group ID of the symbolic link. If the system does not support user +or group IDs for symbolic links, for each \fIfile\fP operand +that names a file of type symbolic link, \fIchown\fP shall do nothing +more with the current file and shall go on to any remaining +files. +.TP 7 +\fB-H\fP +If the \fB-R\fP option is specified and a symbolic link referencing +a file of type directory is specified on the command line, +\fIchown\fP shall change the user ID (and group ID, if specified) +of the directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files +in the file hierarchy below it. +.TP 7 +\fB-L\fP +If the \fB-R\fP option is specified and a symbolic link referencing +a file of type directory is specified on the command line +or encountered during the traversal of a file hierarchy, \fIchown\fP +shall change the user ID (and group ID, if specified) of the +directory referenced by the symbolic link and all files in the file +hierarchy below it. +.TP 7 +\fB-P\fP +If the \fB-R\fP option is specified and a symbolic link is specified +on the command line or encountered during the traversal +of a file hierarchy, \fIchown\fP shall change the owner ID (and group +ID, if specified) of the symbolic link if the system +supports this operation. The \fIchown\fP utility shall not follow +the symbolic link to any other part of the file hierarchy. +.TP 7 +\fB-R\fP +Recursively change file user and group IDs. For each \fIfile\fP operand +that names a directory, \fIchown\fP shall change the +user ID (and group ID, if specified) of the directory and all files +in the file hierarchy below it. Unless a \fB-H\fP, \fB-L\fP, +or \fB-P\fP option is specified, it is unspecified which of these +options will be used as the default. +.sp +.LP +Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fP, +\fB-L\fP, and \fB-P\fP shall not be considered an error. +The last option specified shall determine the behavior of the utility. +.SH OPERANDS +.LP +The following operands shall be supported: +.TP 7 +\fIowner\fP\fB[\fP:\fIgroup\fP\fB]\fP +A user ID and optional group ID to be assigned to \fIfile\fP. The +\fIowner\fP portion of this operand shall be a user name +from the user database or a numeric user ID. Either specifies a user +ID which shall be given to each file named by one of the +\fIfile\fP operands. If a numeric \fIowner\fP operand exists in the +user database as a user name, the user ID number associated +with that user name shall be used as the user ID. Similarly, if the +\fIgroup\fP portion of this operand is present, it shall be a +group name from the group database or a numeric group ID. Either specifies +a group ID which shall be given to each file. If a +numeric group operand exists in the group database as a group name, +the group ID number associated with that group name shall be +used as the group ID. +.TP 7 +\fIfile\fP +A pathname of a file whose user ID is to be modified. +.sp +.SH STDIN +.LP +Not used. +.SH INPUT FILES +.LP +None. +.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES +.LP +The following environment variables shall affect the execution of +\fIchown\fP: +.TP 7 +\fILANG\fP +Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that +are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables +for +the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine +the values of locale categories.) +.TP 7 +\fILC_ALL\fP +If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the +other internationalization variables. +.TP 7 +\fILC_CTYPE\fP +Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes +of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as +opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments). +.TP 7 +\fILC_MESSAGES\fP +Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and +contents of diagnostic messages written to standard +error. +.TP 7 +\fINLSPATH\fP +Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES +\&.\fP +.sp +.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS +.LP +Default. +.SH STDOUT +.LP +Not used. +.SH STDERR +.LP +The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages. +.SH OUTPUT FILES +.LP +None. +.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION +.LP +None. +.SH EXIT STATUS +.LP +The following exit values shall be returned: +.TP 7 +\ 0 +The utility executed successfully and all requested changes were made. +.TP 7 +>0 +An error occurred. +.sp +.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS +.LP +Default. +.LP +\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP +.SH APPLICATION USAGE +.LP +Only the owner of a file or the user with appropriate privileges may +change the owner or group of a file. +.LP +Some implementations restrict the use of \fIchown\fP to a user with +appropriate privileges. +.SH EXAMPLES +.LP +None. +.SH RATIONALE +.LP +The System V and BSD versions use different exit status codes. Some +implementations used the exit status as a count of the +number of errors that occurred; this practice is unworkable since +it can overflow the range of valid exit status values. These are +masked by specifying only 0 and >0 as exit values. +.LP +The functionality of \fIchown\fP is described substantially through +references to functions in the System Interfaces volume of +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001. In this way, there is no duplication of effort +required for describing the interactions of +permissions, multiple groups, and so on. +.LP +The 4.3 BSD method of specifying both owner and group was included +in this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 because: +.IP " *" 3 +There are cases where the desired end condition could not be achieved +using the \fIchgrp\fP and \fIchown\fP (that only changed the user +ID) utilities. (If the current owner is not +a member of the desired group and the desired owner is not a member +of the current group, the \fIchown\fP() function could fail unless +both owner and group are changed at the same time.) +.LP +.IP " *" 3 +Even if they could be changed independently, in cases where both are +being changed, there is a 100% performance penalty caused +by being forced to invoke both utilities. +.LP +.LP +The BSD syntax \fIuser\fP[. \fIgroup\fP] was changed to \fIuser\fP[: +\fIgroup\fP] in this volume of +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 because the period is a valid character in +login names (as specified by the Base Definitions volume +of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, login names consist of characters in the +portable filename character set). The colon character +was chosen as the replacement for the period character because it +would never be allowed as a character in a user name or group +name on historical implementations. +.LP +The \fB-R\fP option is considered by some observers as an undesirable +departure from the historical UNIX system tools approach; +since a tool, \fIfind\fP, already exists to recurse over directories, +there seemed to be no +good reason to require other tools to have to duplicate that functionality. +However, the \fB-R\fP option was deemed an important +user convenience, is far more efficient than forking a separate process +for each element of the directory hierarchy, and is in +widespread historical use. +.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS +.LP +None. +.SH SEE ALSO +.LP +\fIchmod\fP, \fIchgrp\fP, the System Interfaces volume of +IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, \fIchown\fP() +.SH COPYRIGHT +Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form +from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology +-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base +Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of +Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the +event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and +The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard +is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at +http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html . |