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+.\" Copyright (c) 2001-2003 The Open Group, All Rights Reserved 
+.TH "ALIAS" 1P 2003 "IEEE/The Open Group" "POSIX Programmer's Manual"
+.\" alias 
+.SH PROLOG
+This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual.
+The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult
+the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior),
+or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.
+.SH NAME
+alias \- define or display aliases
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.LP
+\fBalias\fP \fB[\fP\fIalias-name\fP\fB[\fP\fB=\fP\fIstring\fP\fB]\fP
+\fB\&...\fP\fB]\fP\fB\fP
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+The \fIalias\fP utility shall create or redefine alias definitions
+or write the values of existing alias definitions to
+standard output. An alias definition provides a string value that
+shall replace a command name when it is encountered; see \fIAlias
+Substitution\fP .
+.LP
+An alias definition shall affect the current shell execution environment
+and the execution environments of the subshells of the
+current shell. When used as specified by this volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001,
+the alias definition shall not affect the
+parent process of the current shell nor any utility environment invoked
+by the shell; see \fIShell Execution Environment\fP .
+.SH OPTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH OPERANDS
+.LP
+The following operands shall be supported:
+.TP 7
+\fIalias-name\fP
+Write the alias definition to standard output.
+.TP 7
+\fIalias-name\fP=\fIstring\fP
+.sp
+Assign the value of \fIstring\fP to the alias \fIalias-name\fP.
+.sp
+.LP
+If no operands are given, all alias definitions shall be written to
+standard output.
+.SH STDIN
+.LP
+Not used.
+.SH INPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
+.LP
+The following environment variables shall affect the execution of
+\fIalias\fP:
+.TP 7
+\fILANG\fP
+Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that
+are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables
+for
+the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine
+the values of locale categories.)
+.TP 7
+\fILC_ALL\fP
+If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the
+other internationalization variables.
+.TP 7
+\fILC_CTYPE\fP
+Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes
+of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as
+opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).
+.TP 7
+\fILC_MESSAGES\fP
+Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and
+contents of diagnostic messages written to standard
+error.
+.TP 7
+\fINLSPATH\fP
+Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of \fILC_MESSAGES
+\&.\fP 
+.sp
+.SH ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS
+.LP
+Default.
+.SH STDOUT
+.LP
+The format for displaying aliases (when no operands or only \fIname\fP
+operands are specified) shall be:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fB"%s=%s\\n",\fP \fIname\fP\fB,\fP \fIvalue\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+The \fIvalue\fP string shall be written with appropriate quoting so
+that it is suitable for reinput to the shell. See the
+description of shell quoting in \fIQuoting\fP .
+.SH STDERR
+.LP
+The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.
+.SH OUTPUT FILES
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXTENDED DESCRIPTION
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXIT STATUS
+.LP
+The following exit values shall be returned:
+.TP 7
+\ 0
+Successful completion.
+.TP 7
+>0
+One of the \fIname\fP operands specified did not have an alias definition,
+or an error occurred.
+.sp
+.SH CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS
+.LP
+Default.
+.LP
+\fIThe following sections are informative.\fP
+.SH APPLICATION USAGE
+.LP
+None.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.IP " 1." 4
+Change \fIls\fP to give a columnated, more annotated output:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBalias ls="ls -CF"
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.IP " 2." 4
+Create a simple "redo" command to repeat previous entries in the command
+history file:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBalias r='fc -s'
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.IP " 3." 4
+Use 1K units for \fIdu\fP:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBalias du=du\\ -k
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.IP " 4." 4
+Set up \fInohup\fP so that it can deal with an argument that is itself
+an alias name:
+.sp
+.RS
+.nf
+
+\fBalias nohup="nohup "
+\fP
+.fi
+.RE
+.LP
+.SH RATIONALE
+.LP
+The \fIalias\fP description is based on historical KornShell implementations.
+Known differences exist between that and the C
+shell. The KornShell version was adopted to be consistent with all
+the other KornShell features in this volume of
+IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001, such as command line editing.
+.LP
+Since \fIalias\fP affects the current shell execution environment,
+it is generally provided as a shell regular built-in.
+.LP
+Historical versions of the KornShell have allowed aliases to be exported
+to scripts that are invoked by the same shell. This is
+triggered by the \fIalias\fP \fB-x\fP flag; it is allowed by this
+volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 only when an explicit
+extension such as \fB-x\fP is used. The standard developers considered
+that aliases were of use primarily to interactive users and
+that they should normally not affect shell scripts called by those
+users; functions are available to such scripts.
+.LP
+Historical versions of the KornShell had not written aliases in a
+quoted manner suitable for reentry to the shell, but this
+volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 has made this a requirement for all
+similar output. Therefore, consistency with this
+volume of IEEE\ Std\ 1003.1-2001 was chosen over this detail of historical
+practice.
+.SH FUTURE DIRECTIONS
+.LP
+None.
+.SH SEE ALSO
+.LP
+\fIFunction Definition Command\fP
+.SH COPYRIGHT
+Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form
+from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology
+-- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base
+Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of
+Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the
+event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and
+The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard
+is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at
+http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .