aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
blob: a998a8c2f95baee78ec3080a244a4ff8fa280fa6 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
February 2003             Kernel Parameters                     v2.5.59
                          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
(mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
(defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.

Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:

	modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1

Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
'.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:

	usbcore.blinkenlights=1

The text in square brackets at the beginning of the description state the
restrictions on the kernel for the said kernel parameter to be valid. The
restrictions referred to are that the relevant option is valid if:

	ACPI	ACPI support is enabled.
	ALSA	ALSA sound support is enabled.
	APIC	APIC support is enabled.
	APM	Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
	AX25	Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
	CD	Appropriate CD support is enabled.
	DEVFS	devfs support is enabled. 
	DRM	Direct Rendering Management support is enabled. 
	EDD	BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
	EFI	EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
	EIDE	EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
	FB	The frame buffer device is enabled.
	HW	Appropriate hardware is enabled.
	IA-32	IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
	IA-64	IA-64 architecture is enabled.
	IOSCHED	More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
	IP_PNP	IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
	ISAPNP	ISA PnP code is enabled.
	ISDN	Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
	JOY	Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
	LP	Printer support is enabled.
	LOOP	Loopback device support is enabled.
	M68k	M68k architecture is enabled.
			These options have more detailed description inside of
			Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
	MCA	MCA bus support is enabled.
	MDA	MDA console support is enabled.
	MOUSE	Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
	MTD	MTD support is enabled.
	NET	Appropriate network support is enabled.
	NUMA	NUMA support is enabled.
	NFS	Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
	OSS	OSS sound support is enabled.
	PARIDE	The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
	PARISC	The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
	PCI	PCI bus support is enabled.
	PCMCIA	The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
	PNP	Plug & Play support is enabled.
	PPC	PowerPC architecture is enabled.
	PPT	Parallel port support is enabled.
	PS2	Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
	RAM	RAM disk support is enabled.
	S390	S390 architecture is enabled.
	SCSI	Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
			A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
			Documentation/scsi/.
	SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
	SERIAL	Serial support is enabled.
	SMP	The kernel is an SMP kernel.
	SPARC	Sparc architecture is enabled.
	SWSUSP	Software suspension is enabled.
	TS	Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
	USB	USB support is enabled.
	USBHID	USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
	V4L	Video For Linux support is enabled.
	VGA	The VGA console has been enabled.
	VT	Virtual terminal support is enabled.
	WDT	Watchdog support is enabled.
	XT	IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
	X86-64	X86-64 architecture is enabled.
			More X86-64 boot options can be found in
			Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .

In addition, the following text indicates that the option:

	BUGS=	Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
	KNL	Is a kernel start-up parameter.
	BOOT	Is a boot loader parameter.

Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.

Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
running once the system is up.

	53c7xx=		[HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
			See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
			See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.

	acpi=		[HW,ACPI] Advanced Configuration and Power Interface 
			Format: { force | off | ht | strict }
			force -- enable ACPI if default was off
			off -- disable ACPI if default was on
			noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
			ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
			strict --  Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
				strictly ACPI specification compliant.

			See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi

	acpi_sleep=	[HW,ACPI] Sleep options
			Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
			See Documentation/power/video.txt
 
	acpi_sci=	[HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
			Format: { level | edge |  high | low }

	acpi_irq_balance	[HW,ACPI] ACPI will balance active IRQs
				default in APIC mode

	acpi_irq_nobalance	[HW,ACPI] ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
				default in PIC mode

	acpi_irq_pci=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Clear listed IRQs for use by PCI
			Format: <irq>,<irq>...

	acpi_irq_isa=	[HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, Mark listed IRQs used by ISA
			Format: <irq>,<irq>...

	acpi_osi=	[HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI

	acpi_serialize	[HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods

	acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
			Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
			For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.

	acpi_dbg_layer=	[HW,ACPI]
			Format: <int>
			Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug layer,
			1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
			debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
			via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.

	acpi_dbg_level=	[HW,ACPI]
			Format: <int>
			Each bit of the <int> indicates an acpi debug level,
			1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
			debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
			via /proc/acpi/debug_level.

	acpi_fake_ecdt	[HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT

	ad1816=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
			See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.

	ad1848=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>

	adlib=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>
 
	advansys=	[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.

	advwdt=		[HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
			Format: <iostart>,<iostop>

	aedsp16=	[HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
			See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
 
	aha152x=	[HW,SCSI]
			See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.

	aha1542=	[HW,SCSI]
			Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]

	aic7xxx=	[HW,SCSI]
			See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.

	aic79xx=	[HW,SCSI]
			See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.

	AM53C974=	[HW,SCSI]
			Format: <host-scsi-id>,<target-scsi-id>,<max-rate>,<max-offset>
			See also header of drivers/scsi/AM53C974.c.

	amijoy.map=	[HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
			Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
			Format: <a>,<b>
			See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt

	analog.map=	[HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
			Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
			connected to one of 16 gameports
			Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>

	apc=		[HW,SPARC] Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
			Format: noidle
			Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
			not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
			APC and your system crashes randomly.

	apic=		[APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity  whilst booting
			Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
			Change the amount of debugging information output
			when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
 
	apm=		[APM] Advanced Power Management
			See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.

	applicom=	[HW]
			Format: <mem>,<irq>
 
	arcrimi=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>

	ataflop=	[HW,M68k]

	atarimouse=	[HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse

	atascsi=	[HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI

	atkbd.extra=	[HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
			EzKey and similar keyboards

	atkbd.reset=	[HW] Reset keyboard during initialization

	atkbd.set=	[HW] Select keyboard code set 
			Format: <int> (2 = AT (default) 3 = PS/2)

	atkbd.scroll=	[HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
			keyboards

	atkbd.softraw=	[HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
			Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
	
	atkbd.softrepeat=
			[HW] Use software keyboard repeat

	autotest	[IA64]

	awe=		[HW,OSS] AWE32/SB32/AWE64 wave table synth
			Format: <io>,<memsize>,<isapnp>
 
	aztcd=		[HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
			Format: <io>,0x79 (?)

	baycom_epp=	[HW,AX25]
			Format: <io>,<mode>
 
	baycom_par=	[HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
			Format: <io>,<mode>
			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.

	baycom_ser_fdx=	[HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.

	baycom_ser_hdx=	[HW,AX25] BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
			See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.

	blkmtd_device=	[HW,MTD]
	blkmtd_erasesz=
	blkmtd_ro=
	blkmtd_bs=
	blkmtd_count=

	bttv.card=	[HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
	bttv.radio=	Most important insmod options are available as kernel args too.
	bttv.pll=	See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
	bttv.tuner=	and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST

	BusLogic=	[HW,SCSI]
			See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
			BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().

	c101=		[NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card

	cachesize=	[BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
			Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
			size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
			to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
			possible to determine what the correct size should be.
			This option provides an override for these situations.

	cdu31a=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
			See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.

	chandev=	[HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation

	checkreqprot	[SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
			Format: { "0" | "1" }
			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
			0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes any implied execute protection).
			1 -- check protection requested by application.
			Default value is set via a kernel config option.
			Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/checkreqprot.
 
 	clock=		[BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday timesource override. 
			Forces specified timesource (if avaliable) to be used
			when calculating gettimeofday(). If specicified timesource
			is not avalible, it defaults to PIT. 
			Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }

	hpet=		[IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
			Format: disable

	cm206=		[HW,CD]
			Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }

	com20020=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
			Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]

	com90io=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
			Format: <io>[,<irq>]

	com90xx=	[HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
			Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]

	condev=		[HW,S390] console device
	conmode=
 
	console=	[KNL] Output console device and options.

		tty<n>	Use the virtual console device <n>.

		ttyS<n>[,options]
			Use the specified serial port.  The options are of
			the form "bbbbpn", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
			"p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), and "n" is bits.
			Default is "9600n8".

			See also Documentation/serial-console.txt.

		uart,io,<addr>[,options]
		uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
			Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
			UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
			switching to the matching ttyS device later.  The
			options are the same as for ttyS, above.

	cpcihp_generic=	[HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
			Format: <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]

	cpia_pp=	[HW,PPT]
			Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }

	crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
			[KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
			hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.

	cs4232=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>

	cs89x0_dma=	[HW,NET]
			Format: <dma>

	cs89x0_media=	[HW,NET]
			Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
 
	cyclades=	[HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
 
	dasd=		[HW,NET]    
			See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.

	db9.dev[2|3]=	[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
			(one device per port)
			Format: <port#>,<type>
			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt

	debug		[KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).

	decnet=		[HW,NET]
			Format: <area>[,<node>]
			See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.

	devfs=		[DEVFS]
			See Documentation/filesystems/devfs/boot-options.

	dhash_entries=	[KNL]
			Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
 
	digi=		[HW,SERIAL]
			IO parameters + enable/disable command.

	digiepca=	[HW,SERIAL]
			See drivers/char/README.epca and
			Documentation/digiepca.txt.

	dmascc=		[HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
			support available.
			Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]

	dmasound=	[HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers

	dscc4.setup=	[NET]

	dtc3181e=	[HW,SCSI]

	earlyprintk=	[IA-32, X86-64]
			earlyprintk=vga
			earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]

			Append ,keep to not disable it when the real console
			takes over.

			Only vga or serial at a time, not both.

			Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.

			Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
			very good.

			The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
			console.

	eata=		[HW,SCSI]

	eda=		[HW,PS2]

	edb=		[HW,PS2]

	edd=		[EDD]
			Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
			See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S

	eicon=		[HW,ISDN] 
			Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>

	eisa_irq_edge=	[PARISC,HW]
			See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.

	elanfreq=	[IA-32]
			See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
			arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.

	elevator=	[IOSCHED]
			Format: {"as"|"cfq"|"deadline"|"noop"}
			See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt
			and Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
	elfcorehdr=	[IA-32]
			Specifies physical address of start of kernel core image
			elf header.
			See Documentation/kdump.txt for details.

	enforcing	[SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
			Format: {"0" | "1"}
			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
			0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
			1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
			Default value is 0.
			Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.

	es1370=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <lineout>[,<micbias>]
			See also header of sound/oss/es1370.c.

	es1371=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
			See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
 
	ether=		[HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
			This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
			has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.

	eurwdt=		[HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
			Format: <io>[,<irq>]

	fd_mcs=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.

	fdomain=	[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.

	floppy=		[HW]
			See Documentation/floppy.txt.

	ftape=		[HW] Floppy Tape subsystem debugging options.
			See Documentation/ftape.txt.

	gamecon.map[2|3]=
			[HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
			support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
			Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt

	gamma=		[HW,DRM]

	gdth=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.

	gpt		[EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
			invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.

	gscd=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>

	gt96100eth=	[NET] MIPS GT96100 Advanced Communication Controller

	gus=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>
 
	gvp11=		[HW,SCSI]

	hashdist=	[KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
			are distributed across NUMA nodes.  Defaults on
			for IA-64, off otherwise.

	hcl=		[IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer

	hd=		[EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
			Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>

	hd?=		[HW] (E)IDE subsystem
	hd?lun=		See Documentation/ide.txt.

	highmem=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
			size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
			highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
			size on bigger boxes.

	hisax=		[HW,ISDN]
			See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.

	hugepages=	[HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.

	noirqbalance	[IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing

	i8042.direct	[HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
	i8042.dumbkbd	[HW] Pretend that controlled can only read data from
			     keyboard and can not control its state
			     (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
	i8042.noaux	[HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
	i8042.nomux	[HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
			     controller
	i8042.nopnp	[HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
			     controllers
	i8042.panicblink=
			[HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
			     when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
	i8042.reset	[HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
	i8042.unlock	[HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock

	i810=		[HW,DRM]

	i8k.ignore_dmi	[HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
			indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
			hardware.
	i8k.force	[HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
			does not match list of supported models.
	i8k.power_status
			[HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
			(disabled by default)
	i8k.restricted	[HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
			capability is set.

	ibmmcascsi=	[HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
			See Documentation/mca.txt.

	icn=		[HW,ISDN]
			Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]

	ide=		[HW] (E)IDE subsystem
			Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
			See Documentation/ide.txt.

	ide?=		[HW] (E)IDE subsystem
			Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
			See Documentation/ide.txt.
	
	idebus=		[HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
			See Documentation/ide.txt.

	idle=		[HW]
			Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
 
	ihash_entries=	[KNL]
			Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.

	in2000=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.

	init=		[KNL]
			Format: <full_path>
			Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
			process.

	initcall_debug	[KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed.  Useful
			for working out where the kernel is dying during
			startup.

	initrd=		[BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk

	inport.irq=	[HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
			Format: <irq>

	inttest=	[IA64]

	io7=		[HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
			See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
			arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.

	ip=		[IP_PNP]
			See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.

	ip2=		[HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
			See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.

	ips=		[HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
			See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.

	irqfixup	[HW]
			When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
			for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
			firmware running.

	irqpoll		[HW]
			When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
			for it. Also check all handlers each timer
			interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
			firmware running.

	isapnp=		[ISAPNP]
			Format: <RDP>, <reset>, <pci_scan>, <verbosity>

	isolcpus=	[KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
			Format: <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
			This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
			to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
			algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
			an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
			<cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
			"number of CPUs in system - 1".

			This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
			alternative - manually setting the CPU mask of all tasks
			in the system can cause problems and suboptimal load
			balancer performance.

	isp16=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>

	iucv=		[HW,NET] 

	js=		[HW,JOY] Analog joystick
			See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.

	keepinitrd	[HW,ARM]

	kstack=N	[IA-32, X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
			in oops dumps.

	l2cr=		[PPC]

	lapic		[IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS disabled it.

	lasi=		[HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
			Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>

	llsc*=		[IA64]
			See function print_params() in arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.

	load_ramdisk=	[RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
			See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.

	lockd.udpport=	[NFS]

	lockd.tcpport=	[NFS]

	logibm.irq=	[HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
			Format: <irq>

	loglevel=	All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
			console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
			also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
			loglevels are defined as follows:

			0 (KERN_EMERG)		system is unusable
			1 (KERN_ALERT)		action must be taken immediately
			2 (KERN_CRIT)		critical conditions
			3 (KERN_ERR)		error conditions
			4 (KERN_WARNING)	warning conditions
			5 (KERN_NOTICE)		normal but significant condition
			6 (KERN_INFO)		informational
			7 (KERN_DEBUG)		debug-level messages

	log_buf_len=n	Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
			Format is n, nk, nM.  n must be a power of two.  The
			default is set in kernel config.

	lp=0		[LP]	Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
	lp=port[,port...]	lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
	lp=reset		first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
	lp=auto			printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
				specified in addition to the ports) causes
				attached printers to be reset. Using
				lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
				to associate lp devices with, starting with
				lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
				that lp device, or a parport name such as
				'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
				port specification list means that device IDs
				from each port should be examined, to see if
				an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
				so, the driver will manage that printer.
				See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.

	lpj=n		[KNL]
			Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
			time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
			CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
			the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
			autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
			on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
			which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
			significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
			will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
			unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
			unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
			hardware.

	ltpc=		[NET]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>

	mac5380=	[HW,SCSI]
			Format: <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>

	mac53c9x=	[HW,SCSI]
			Format: <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>

	machvec=	[IA64]
			Force the use of a particular machine-vector (machvec) in a generic
			kernel.  Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb

	mad16=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>,<joystick>

	maui=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>
 
	max_loop=       [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
			be mounted
			Format: <1-256>

	maxcpus=	[SMP] Maximum number of processors that	an SMP kernel
			should make use of

	max_addr=[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
			equal to this physical address is ignored.

	max_luns=	[SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe
			Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.

	max_report_luns=
			[SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received
			Should be between 1 and 16384.

	mca-pentium	[BUGS=IA-32]

	mcatest=	[IA-64]

	mcd=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>

	mcdx=		[HW,CD]

	mce		[IA-32] Machine Check Exception

	md=		[HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
			See Documentation/md.txt.
 
	mdacon=		[MDA]
			Format: <first>,<last>
			Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
 
	mem=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
			Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
			to see the whole system memory or for test.
			[IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
			address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
			could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.

	mem=nopentium	[BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
			memory.

	memmap=exactmap	[KNL,IA-32] Enable setting of an exact
			E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
			Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
			BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
			option description.

	memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
			[KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.

	memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
			[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.

	memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
			[KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
			Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.

	meye.*=		[HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
			See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.

	mga=		[HW,DRM]

	mousedev.tap_time=
			[MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
			leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
			a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
			touchpads working in absolute mode only).
			Format: <msecs>
	mousedev.xres=	[MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
			reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
	mousedev.yres=	[MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
			reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets

	mpu401=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>

	MTD_Partition=	[MTD]
			Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>

	MTD_Region=	[MTD]
			Format: <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]

	mtdparts=	[MTD]
			See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.

	mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
			[HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates ('y', default)
			or cooked coordinates ('n')

	n2=		[NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card

	NCR_D700=	[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.

	ncr5380=	[HW,SCSI]

	ncr53c400=	[HW,SCSI]

	ncr53c400a=	[HW,SCSI]

	ncr53c406a=	[HW,SCSI]

	ncr53c8xx=	[HW,SCSI]

	netdev=		[NET] Network devices parameters
			Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
			Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
			something different and driver-specific.
 
	nfsaddrs=	[NFS]
			See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.

	nfsroot=	[NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
			See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.

	nmi_watchdog=	[KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels

	no387		[BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
			emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
			is present.

	noalign		[KNL,ARM] 
 
	noapic		[SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
			IOAPICs that may be present in the system.

	noasync		[HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
			all devices.

	nobats		[PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
			on "Classic" PPC cores.

	nocache		[ARM]
 
	nodisconnect	[HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.

	noexec		[IA-64]

	noexec		[IA-32, X86-64]
			noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
			noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings

	nofxsr		[BUGS=IA-32]

	nohlt		[BUGS=ARM]
 
	no-hlt		[BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
			instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
			use it.

	nohalt		[IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
			function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
			power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
			interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
			in certain environments such as networked servers or
			real-time systems.

	noirqdebug	[IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
			disable unhandled interrupt sources.

	noisapnp	[ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.

	noinitrd	[RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
			initial RAM disk.

	nointroute	[IA-64]

	nolapic		[IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.

	noltlbs		[PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
			lowmem mapping on PPC40x.

	nomce		[IA-32] Machine Check Exception

	noresidual	[PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.

	noresume	[SWSUSP] Disables resume and restore original swap space.
 
	no-scroll	[VGA] Disables scrollback.
			This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
			reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).

	nosbagart	[IA-64]

	nosmp		[SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.

	nosync		[HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.

	notsc		[BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter

	nousb		[USB] Disable the USB subsystem

	nowb		[ARM]
 
	opl3=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>

	opl3sa=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>

	opl3sa2=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
 
	oprofile.timer=	[HW]
			Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters

	optcd=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>

	osst=		[HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
			Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
			See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.

	panic=		[KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
			Format: <timeout>

	parkbd.port=	[HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
			connected to, default is 0.
			Format: <parport#>
	parkbd.mode=	[HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
			0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
			Format: <mode> 

	parport=0	[HW,PPT]	Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
	parport=auto			Use 'auto' to force the driver to use
	parport=0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]]	any IRQ/DMA settings detected (the
					default is to ignore detected IRQ/DMA
					settings because of possible
					conflicts). You can specify the base
					address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and
					DMA should be numbers, or 'auto' (for
					using detected settings on that
					particular port), or 'nofifo' (to avoid
					using a FIFO even if it is detected).
					Parallel ports are assigned in the
					order they are specified on the command
					line, starting with parport0.

	parport_init_mode=
			[HW,PPT]	Configure VIA parallel port to
					operate in specific mode. This is
					necessary on Pegasos computer where
					firmware has no options for setting up
					parallel port mode and sets it to
					spp. Currently this function knows
					686a and 8231 chips.
			Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]

	pas2=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
 
	pas16=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.

	pcbit=		[HW,ISDN]

	pcd.		[PARIDE]
			See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
			See also Documentation/paride.txt.

	pci=option[,option...]		[PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
		off			[IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
		bios			[IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
					the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
					has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
		nobios			[IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
					hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
					if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
					suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
		conf1			[IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 1.
		conf2			[IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration Mechanism 2.
		nosort			[IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
					order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is done
					to get a device order compatible with older kernels.
		biosirq			[IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
					routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
					on several machines and they hang the machine when used,
					but on other computers it's the only way to get the
					interrupt routing table. Try this option if the kernel
					is unable to allocate IRQs or discover secondary PCI
					buses on your motherboard.
		rom			[IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
					Use with caution as certain devices share address
					decoders between ROMs and other resources.
		irqmask=0xMMMM		[IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be assigned
					automatically to PCI devices. You can make the kernel
					exclude IRQs of your ISA cards this way.
		pirqaddr=0xAAAAA	[IA-32] Specify the physical address
					of the PIRQ table (normally generated
					by the BIOS) if it is outside the
					F0000h-100000h range.
		lastbus=N		[IA-32] Scan all buses till bus #N. Can be useful
					if the kernel is unable to find your secondary buses
					and you want to tell it explicitly which ones they are.
		assign-busses		[IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
					numbers ourselves, overriding
					whatever the firmware may have
					done.
		usepirqmask		[IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask
					stored in the BIOS $PIR table. This is
					needed on some systems with broken
					BIOSes, notably some HP Pavilion N5400
					and Omnibook XE3 notebooks. This will
					have no effect if ACPI IRQ routing is
					enabled.
		noacpi			[IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
					or for PCI scanning.
		routeirq		Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
					This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
					so this option is a temporary workaround
					for broken drivers that don't call it.

		firmware		[ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but
					instead just use the configuration
					from the bootloader. This is currently
					used on IXP2000 systems where the
					bus has to be configured a certain way
					for adjunct CPUs.

	pcmv=		[HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4

	pd.		[PARIDE]
			See Documentation/paride.txt.

	pdcchassis=	[PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
			boot time.
			Format: { 0 | 1 }
			See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c

	pf.		[PARIDE]
			See Documentation/paride.txt.

	pg.		[PARIDE]
			See Documentation/paride.txt.

	pirq=		[SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
			See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.

	plip=		[PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
			Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
			See also Documentation/parport.txt.

	pnpacpi=	[ACPI]
			{ off }

	pnpbios=	[ISAPNP]
			{ on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }

	pnp_reserve_irq=
			[ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration

	pnp_reserve_dma=
			[ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration

	pnp_reserve_io=	[ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
		     	Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).

	pnp_reserve_mem=
			[ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the autoconfiguration
			Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).

	profile=	[KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
			{ schedule | <number> }
			(param: schedule - profile schedule points}
			(param: profile step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
				statistical time based profiling)

	processor.max_cstate=   [HW, ACPI]
			Limit processor to maximum C-state
			max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.

	prompt_ramdisk=	[RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
			before loading.
			See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.

	psmouse.proto=  [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
			probe for (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
	psmouse.rate=	[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
			per second.
	psmouse.resetafter=
			[HW,MOUSE] Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
			(0 = never).
	psmouse.resolution=
			[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
	psmouse.smartscroll=
			[HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat,
			0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).

	pss=		[HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
			Format: <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>

	pt.		[PARIDE]
			See Documentation/paride.txt.

	quiet=		[KNL] Disable log messages
 
	r128=		[HW,DRM]

	raid=		[HW,RAID]
			See Documentation/md.txt.

	ramdisk=	[RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
			See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.

	ramdisk_blocksize=
			[RAM]
			See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
 
	ramdisk_size=	[RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
			New name for the ramdisk parameter.
			See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.

	reboot=		[BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
			Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
			See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c.

	reserve=	[KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area

	resume=		[SWSUSP] Specify the partition device for software suspension

	rhash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
			Set number of hash buckets for route cache

	riscom8=	[HW,SERIAL]
			Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]

	ro		[KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot

	root=		[KNL] Root filesystem

	rootdelay=	[KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
			mount the root filesystem

	rootflags=	[KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string

	rootfstype=	[KNL] Set root filesystem type

	rw		[KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot

	S		[KNL] Run init in single mode

	sa1100ir	[NET]
			See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.

	sb=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>

	sbni=		[NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
 
	sbpcd=		[HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
			Format: <io>,<type>
			See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
			drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.

	sc1200wdt=	[HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
			Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]

	scsi_debug_*=	[SCSI]
			See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.

	scsi_default_dev_flags=
			[SCSI] SCSI default device flags
			Format: <integer>

	scsi_dev_flags=	[SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
			Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
			(flags are integer value)

	scsi_logging=	[SCSI]

	selinux		[SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
			Format: { "0" | "1" }
			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
			0 -- disable.
			1 -- enable.
			Default value is set via kernel config option.
			If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
			later to disable prior to initial policy load.

	serialnumber	[BUGS=IA-32]

	sg_def_reserved_size=
			[SCSI]
 
	sgalaxy=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sgbase>

	shapers=	[NET]
			Maximal number of shapers.
 
	sim710=		[SCSI,HW]
			See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.

	simeth=		[IA-64]
	simscsi=
 
	sjcd=		[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
			See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.

	slram=		[HW,MTD]

	smart2=		[HW]
			Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]

	snd-ad1816a=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ad1848=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ali5451=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-als100=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-als4000=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-azt2320=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cmi8330=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cmipci=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cs4231=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cs4232=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cs4236=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cs4281=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-cs46xx=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-dt019x=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-dummy=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-emu10k1=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ens1370=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ens1371=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-es968=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-es1688=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-es18xx=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-es1938=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-es1968=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-fm801=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-gusclassic=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-gusextreme=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-gusmax=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-hdsp=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ice1712=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-intel8x0=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-interwave=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-interwave-stb=
			[HW,ALSA]

	snd-korg1212=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-maestro3=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-mpu401=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-mtpav=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-nm256=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-opl3sa2=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-opti92x-ad1848=
			[HW,ALSA]

	snd-opti92x-cs4231=
			[HW,ALSA]

	snd-opti93x=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-pmac=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-rme32=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-rme96=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-rme9652=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sb8=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sb16=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sbawe=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-serial=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sgalaxy=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sonicvibes=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sun-amd7930=
			[HW,ALSA]

	snd-sun-cs4231=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-trident=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-usb-audio=	[HW,ALSA,USB]

	snd-via82xx=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-virmidi=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-wavefront=	[HW,ALSA]

	snd-ymfpci=	[HW,ALSA]
 
	sonicvibes=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <reverb>
 
	sonycd535=	[HW,CD]
			Format: <io>[,<irq>]

	sonypi.*=	[HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
			See Documentation/sonypi.txt

	specialix=	[HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
			See Documentation/specialix.txt.

	spia_io_base=	[HW,MTD]
	spia_fio_base=
	spia_pedr=
	spia_peddr=

	sscape=		[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 
	st=		[HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
			See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.

	st0x=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.

	sti=		[PARISC,HW]
			Format: <num>
			Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
			machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
			as the initial boot-console.
			See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.

	sti_font=	[HW]
			See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.

	stifb=		[HW]
			Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]

	stram_swap=	[HW,M68k]

	swiotlb=	[IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
 
	switches=	[HW,M68k]

	sym53c416=	[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.

	t128=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.

	tdfx=		[HW,DRM]

	thash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
			Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection

	time		Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line

	tipar.timeout=	[HW,PPT]
			Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
			(default 15).

	tipar.delay=	[HW,PPT]
			Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).

	tmc8xx=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.

	tmscsim=	[HW,SCSI]
			See comment before function dc390_setup() in
			drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.

	tp720=		[HW,PS2]

	trix=		[HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
 
	tsdev.xres=	[TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
	tsdev.yres=	[TS] Vertical screen resolution.

	turbografx.map[2|3]=
			[HW,JOY] TurboGraFX parallel port interface
			Format: <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
			See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt

	u14-34f=	[HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
			See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.

	uart401=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>

	uart6850=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>

	usb-handoff	[HW] Enable early USB BIOS -> OS handoff

	usbhid.mousepoll=
			[USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
 
	video=		[FB] Frame buffer configuration
			See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.

	vga=		[BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
			See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and Documentation/svga.txt.
			Use vga=ask for menu.
			This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
			passed to the kernel using a special protocol.

	vmalloc=nn[KMG]	[KNL,BOOT] forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
			size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
			minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
			decrease the size and leave more room for directly
			mapped kernel RAM.

	vmhalt=		[KNL,S390]

	vmpoff=		[KNL,S390] 
 
	waveartist=	[HW,OSS]
			Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
 
	wd33c93=	[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.

	wd7000=		[HW,SCSI]
			See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.

	wdt=		[WDT] Watchdog
			See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.

	xd=		[HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
	xd_geo=		See header of drivers/block/xd.c.

	xirc2ps_cs=	[NET,PCMCIA]
			Format: <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]



Changelog:

	The last known update (for 2.4.0) - the changelog was not kept before.
	2000-06-??	Mr. Unknown

	Update for 2.5.49, description for most of the options introduced,
	references to other documentation (C files, READMEs, ..), added S390,
	PPC, SPARC, MTD, ALSA and OSS category. Minor corrections and
	reformatting.
	2002-11-24	Petr Baudis <pasky@ucw.cz>
			Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@verizon.net>

TODO:

	Add documentation for ALSA options.
	Add more DRM drivers.