Merge branch 'refactor-check_func_arg'

Lorenz Bauer says:

====================
Changes in v4:
- Output the desired type on BTF ID mismatch (Martin)

Changes in v3:
- Fix BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE if BTF is disabled (Martin)
- Drop incorrect arg_btf_id in bpf_sk_storage.c (Martin)
- Check for arg_btf_id in check_func_proto (Martin)
- Drop incorrect PTR_TO_BTF_ID from fullsock_types (Martin)
- Introduce btf_seq_file_ids in bpf_trace.c to reduce duplication

Changes in v2:
- Make the series stand alone (Martin)
- Drop incorrect BTF_SET_START fix (Andrii)
- Only support a single BTF ID per argument (Martin)
- Introduce BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE macro (Andrii)
- Skip check_ctx_reg iff register is NULL
- Change output of check_reg_type slightly, to avoid touching tests

Original cover letter:

Currently, check_func_arg has this pretty gnarly if statement that
compares the valid arg_type with the actualy reg_type. Sprinkled
in-between are checks for register_is_null, to short circuit these
tests if we're dealing with a nullable arg_type. There is also some
code for later bounds / access checking hidden away in there.

This series of patches refactors the function into something like this:

   if (reg_is_null && arg_type_is_nullable)
     skip type checking

   do type checking, including BTF validation

   do bounds / access checking

The type checking is now table driven, which makes it easy to extend
the acceptable types. Maybe more importantly, using a table makes it
easy to provide more helpful verifier output (see the last patch).
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>

11 files changed, 239 insertions, 237 deletions

diff --git a/include/linux/bpf.h b/include/linux/bpf.h
index d7c5a6ed87e301..fc5c901c75421c 100644
--- a/include/linux/bpf.h
+++ b/include/linux/bpf.h
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ enum bpf_arg_type {
 	ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM,	/* pointer to dynamically allocated memory */
 	ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL,	/* pointer to dynamically allocated memory or NULL */
 	ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO,	/* number of allocated bytes requested */
+	__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX,
 };
 
 /* type of values returned from helper functions */
@@ -326,12 +327,16 @@ struct bpf_func_proto {
 		};
 		enum bpf_arg_type arg_type[5];
 	};
-	int *btf_id; /* BTF ids of arguments */
-	bool (*check_btf_id)(u32 btf_id, u32 arg); /* if the argument btf_id is
-						    * valid. Often used if more
-						    * than one btf id is permitted
-						    * for this argument.
-						    */
+	union {
+		struct {
+			u32 *arg1_btf_id;
+			u32 *arg2_btf_id;
+			u32 *arg3_btf_id;
+			u32 *arg4_btf_id;
+			u32 *arg5_btf_id;
+		};
+		u32 *arg_btf_id[5];
+	};
 	int *ret_btf_id; /* return value btf_id */
 	bool (*allowed)(const struct bpf_prog *prog);
 };
@@ -1385,8 +1390,6 @@ int btf_struct_access(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 		      u32 *next_btf_id);
 bool btf_struct_ids_match(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 			  int off, u32 id, u32 need_type_id);
-int btf_resolve_helper_id(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
-			  const struct bpf_func_proto *fn, int);
 
 int btf_distill_func_proto(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
 			   struct btf *btf,
@@ -1905,6 +1908,6 @@ int bpf_arch_text_poke(void *ip, enum bpf_text_poke_type t,
 		       void *addr1, void *addr2);
 
 struct btf_id_set;
-bool btf_id_set_contains(struct btf_id_set *set, u32 id);
+bool btf_id_set_contains(const struct btf_id_set *set, u32 id);
 
 #endif /* _LINUX_BPF_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/btf_ids.h b/include/linux/btf_ids.h
index 210b086188a3e9..57890b357f8517 100644
--- a/include/linux/btf_ids.h
+++ b/include/linux/btf_ids.h
@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@ extern u32 name[];
 #define BTF_ID_LIST_GLOBAL(name)			\
 __BTF_ID_LIST(name, globl)
 
+/* The BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE macro defines a BTF_ID_LIST with
+ * a single entry.
+ */
+#define BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(name, prefix, typename)	\
+	BTF_ID_LIST(name) \
+	BTF_ID(prefix, typename)
+
 /*
  * The BTF_ID_UNUSED macro defines 4 zero bytes.
  * It's used when we want to define 'unused' entry
@@ -140,6 +147,7 @@ extern struct btf_id_set name;
 #define BTF_ID(prefix, name)
 #define BTF_ID_UNUSED
 #define BTF_ID_LIST_GLOBAL(name) u32 name[1];
+#define BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(name, prefix, typename) static u32 name[1];
 #define BTF_SET_START(name) static struct btf_id_set name = { 0 };
 #define BTF_SET_START_GLOBAL(name) static struct btf_id_set name = { 0 };
 #define BTF_SET_END(name)
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/bpf_inode_storage.c b/kernel/bpf/bpf_inode_storage.c
index 75be02799c0f1a..6edff97ad594bd 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/bpf_inode_storage.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/bpf_inode_storage.c
@@ -249,9 +249,7 @@ const struct bpf_map_ops inode_storage_map_ops = {
 	.map_owner_storage_ptr = inode_storage_ptr,
 };
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID_UNUSED
-BTF_ID(struct, inode)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids, struct, inode)
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_inode_storage_get_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_inode_storage_get,
@@ -259,9 +257,9 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_inode_storage_get_proto = {
 	.ret_type	= RET_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg2_btf_id	= &bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids[0],
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids,
 };
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_inode_storage_delete_proto = {
@@ -270,5 +268,5 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_inode_storage_delete_proto = {
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids,
+	.arg2_btf_id	= &bpf_inode_storage_btf_ids[0],
 };
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/btf.c b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
index f9ac6935ab3c40..5d3c36e1313913 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/btf.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/btf.c
@@ -4193,19 +4193,6 @@ again:
 	return true;
 }
 
-int btf_resolve_helper_id(struct bpf_verifier_log *log,
-			  const struct bpf_func_proto *fn, int arg)
-{
-	int id;
-
-	if (fn->arg_type[arg] != ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID || !btf_vmlinux)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	id = fn->btf_id[arg];
-	if (!id || id > btf_vmlinux->nr_types)
-		return -EINVAL;
-	return id;
-}
-
 static int __get_type_size(struct btf *btf, u32 btf_id,
 			   const struct btf_type **bad_type)
 {
@@ -4772,7 +4759,7 @@ static int btf_id_cmp_func(const void *a, const void *b)
 	return *pa - *pb;
 }
 
-bool btf_id_set_contains(struct btf_id_set *set, u32 id)
+bool btf_id_set_contains(const struct btf_id_set *set, u32 id)
 {
 	return bsearch(&id, set->ids, set->cnt, sizeof(u32), btf_id_cmp_func) != NULL;
 }
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
index a2fa006f430ef8..06065fa2712414 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/stackmap.c
@@ -665,18 +665,17 @@ BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_task_stack, struct task_struct *, task, void *, buf,
 	return __bpf_get_stack(regs, task, NULL, buf, size, flags);
 }
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_get_task_stack_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, task_struct)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_get_task_stack_btf_ids, struct, task_struct)
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_get_task_stack_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_get_task_stack,
 	.gpl_only	= false,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &bpf_get_task_stack_btf_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_get_task_stack_btf_ids,
 };
 
 BPF_CALL_4(bpf_get_stack_pe, struct bpf_perf_event_data_kern *, ctx,
diff --git a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
index 4161b6c406bc90..15ab889b0a3fae 100644
--- a/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
+++ b/kernel/bpf/verifier.c
@@ -238,7 +238,6 @@ struct bpf_call_arg_meta {
 	u64 msize_max_value;
 	int ref_obj_id;
 	int func_id;
-	u32 btf_id;
 };
 
 struct btf *btf_vmlinux;
@@ -436,6 +435,15 @@ static bool arg_type_may_be_refcounted(enum bpf_arg_type type)
 	return type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON;
 }
 
+static bool arg_type_may_be_null(enum bpf_arg_type type)
+{
+	return type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL ||
+	       type == ARG_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL ||
+	       type == ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL ||
+	       type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL ||
+	       type == ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL;
+}
+
 /* Determine whether the function releases some resources allocated by another
  * function call. The first reference type argument will be assumed to be
  * released by release_reference().
@@ -3641,18 +3649,6 @@ static int check_stack_boundary(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno,
 	struct bpf_func_state *state = func(env, reg);
 	int err, min_off, max_off, i, j, slot, spi;
 
-	if (reg->type != PTR_TO_STACK) {
-		/* Allow zero-byte read from NULL, regardless of pointer type */
-		if (zero_size_allowed && access_size == 0 &&
-		    register_is_null(reg))
-			return 0;
-
-		verbose(env, "R%d type=%s expected=%s\n", regno,
-			reg_type_str[reg->type],
-			reg_type_str[PTR_TO_STACK]);
-		return -EACCES;
-	}
-
 	if (tnum_is_const(reg->var_off)) {
 		min_off = max_off = reg->var_off.value + reg->off;
 		err = __check_stack_boundary(env, regno, min_off, access_size,
@@ -3797,9 +3793,19 @@ static int check_helper_mem_access(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno,
 					   access_size, zero_size_allowed,
 					   "rdwr",
 					   &env->prog->aux->max_rdwr_access);
-	default: /* scalar_value|ptr_to_stack or invalid ptr */
+	case PTR_TO_STACK:
 		return check_stack_boundary(env, regno, access_size,
 					    zero_size_allowed, meta);
+	default: /* scalar_value or invalid ptr */
+		/* Allow zero-byte read from NULL, regardless of pointer type */
+		if (zero_size_allowed && access_size == 0 &&
+		    register_is_null(reg))
+			return 0;
+
+		verbose(env, "R%d type=%s expected=%s\n", regno,
+			reg_type_str[reg->type],
+			reg_type_str[PTR_TO_STACK]);
+		return -EACCES;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -3831,10 +3837,6 @@ static int process_spin_lock(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int regno,
 	struct bpf_map *map = reg->map_ptr;
 	u64 val = reg->var_off.value;
 
-	if (reg->type != PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE) {
-		verbose(env, "R%d is not a pointer to map_value\n", regno);
-		return -EINVAL;
-	}
 	if (!is_const) {
 		verbose(env,
 			"R%d doesn't have constant offset. bpf_spin_lock has to be at the constant offset\n",
@@ -3901,12 +3903,6 @@ static bool arg_type_is_mem_size(enum bpf_arg_type type)
 	       type == ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO;
 }
 
-static bool arg_type_is_alloc_mem_ptr(enum bpf_arg_type type)
-{
-	return type == ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM ||
-	       type == ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL;
-}
-
 static bool arg_type_is_alloc_size(enum bpf_arg_type type)
 {
 	return type == ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO;
@@ -3955,14 +3951,115 @@ static int resolve_map_arg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env,
 	return 0;
 }
 
+struct bpf_reg_types {
+	const enum bpf_reg_type types[10];
+};
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types map_key_value_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_STACK,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET_META,
+		PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE,
+	},
+};
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types sock_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON,
+		PTR_TO_SOCKET,
+		PTR_TO_TCP_SOCK,
+		PTR_TO_XDP_SOCK,
+	},
+};
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types mem_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_STACK,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET_META,
+		PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE,
+		PTR_TO_MEM,
+		PTR_TO_RDONLY_BUF,
+		PTR_TO_RDWR_BUF,
+	},
+};
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types int_ptr_types = {
+	.types = {
+		PTR_TO_STACK,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET,
+		PTR_TO_PACKET_META,
+		PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE,
+	},
+};
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types fullsock_types = { .types = { PTR_TO_SOCKET } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types scalar_types = { .types = { SCALAR_VALUE } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types context_types = { .types = { PTR_TO_CTX } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types alloc_mem_types = { .types = { PTR_TO_MEM } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types const_map_ptr_types = { .types = { CONST_PTR_TO_MAP } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types btf_ptr_types = { .types = { PTR_TO_BTF_ID } };
+static const struct bpf_reg_types spin_lock_types = { .types = { PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE } };
+
+static const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible_reg_types[] = {
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY]		= &map_key_value_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE]		= &map_key_value_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MAP_VALUE]	= &map_key_value_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL]	= &map_key_value_types,
+	[ARG_CONST_SIZE]		= &scalar_types,
+	[ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO]	= &scalar_types,
+	[ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO]	= &scalar_types,
+	[ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR]		= &const_map_ptr_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX]		= &context_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL]	= &context_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON]	= &sock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET]		= &fullsock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL]	= &fullsock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID]		= &btf_ptr_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_SPIN_LOCK]		= &spin_lock_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_MEM]		= &mem_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL]	= &mem_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM]		= &mem_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM]		= &alloc_mem_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL]	= &alloc_mem_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_INT]		= &int_ptr_types,
+	[ARG_PTR_TO_LONG]		= &int_ptr_types,
+	[__BPF_ARG_TYPE_MAX]		= NULL,
+};
+
+static int check_reg_type(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 regno,
+			  const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible)
+{
+	struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env), *reg = &regs[regno];
+	enum bpf_reg_type expected, type = reg->type;
+	int i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(compatible->types); i++) {
+		expected = compatible->types[i];
+		if (expected == NOT_INIT)
+			break;
+
+		if (type == expected)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	verbose(env, "R%d type=%s expected=", regno, reg_type_str[type]);
+	for (j = 0; j + 1 < i; j++)
+		verbose(env, "%s, ", reg_type_str[compatible->types[j]]);
+	verbose(env, "%s\n", reg_type_str[compatible->types[j]]);
+	return -EACCES;
+}
+
 static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 			  struct bpf_call_arg_meta *meta,
 			  const struct bpf_func_proto *fn)
 {
 	u32 regno = BPF_REG_1 + arg;
 	struct bpf_reg_state *regs = cur_regs(env), *reg = &regs[regno];
-	enum bpf_reg_type expected_type, type = reg->type;
 	enum bpf_arg_type arg_type = fn->arg_type[arg];
+	const struct bpf_reg_types *compatible;
+	enum bpf_reg_type type = reg->type;
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (arg_type == ARG_DONTCARE)
@@ -3995,125 +4092,48 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_KEY ||
-	    arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE ||
-	    arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MAP_VALUE ||
-	    arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_STACK;
-		if (register_is_null(reg) &&
-		    arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL)
-			/* final test in check_stack_boundary() */;
-		else if (!type_is_pkt_pointer(type) &&
-			 type != PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE &&
-			 type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_CONST_SIZE ||
-		   arg_type == ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO ||
-		   arg_type == ARG_CONST_ALLOC_SIZE_OR_ZERO) {
-		expected_type = SCALAR_VALUE;
-		if (type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR) {
-		expected_type = CONST_PTR_TO_MAP;
-		if (type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_CTX ||
-		   arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_CTX;
-		if (!(register_is_null(reg) &&
-		      arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_CTX_OR_NULL)) {
-			if (type != expected_type)
-				goto err_type;
-			err = check_ctx_reg(env, reg, regno);
-			if (err < 0)
-				return err;
+	if (register_is_null(reg) && arg_type_may_be_null(arg_type))
+		/* A NULL register has a SCALAR_VALUE type, so skip
+		 * type checking.
+		 */
+		goto skip_type_check;
+
+	compatible = compatible_reg_types[arg_type];
+	if (!compatible) {
+		verbose(env, "verifier internal error: unsupported arg type %d\n", arg_type);
+		return -EFAULT;
+	}
+
+	err = check_reg_type(env, regno, compatible);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (type == PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
+		const u32 *btf_id = fn->arg_btf_id[arg];
+
+		if (!btf_id) {
+			verbose(env, "verifier internal error: missing BTF ID\n");
+			return -EFAULT;
 		}
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON;
-		/* Any sk pointer can be ARG_PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON */
-		if (!type_is_sk_pointer(type))
-			goto err_type;
-		if (reg->ref_obj_id) {
-			if (meta->ref_obj_id) {
-				verbose(env, "verifier internal error: more than one arg with ref_obj_id R%d %u %u\n",
-					regno, reg->ref_obj_id,
-					meta->ref_obj_id);
-				return -EFAULT;
-			}
-			meta->ref_obj_id = reg->ref_obj_id;
-		}
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET ||
-		   arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_SOCKET;
-		if (!(register_is_null(reg) &&
-		      arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET_OR_NULL)) {
-			if (type != expected_type)
-				goto err_type;
-		}
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID) {
-		bool ids_match = false;
-
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
-		if (type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-		if (!fn->check_btf_id) {
-			if (reg->btf_id != meta->btf_id) {
-				ids_match = btf_struct_ids_match(&env->log, reg->off, reg->btf_id,
-								 meta->btf_id);
-				if (!ids_match) {
-					verbose(env, "Helper has type %s got %s in R%d\n",
-						kernel_type_name(meta->btf_id),
-						kernel_type_name(reg->btf_id), regno);
-					return -EACCES;
-				}
-			}
-		} else if (!fn->check_btf_id(reg->btf_id, arg)) {
-			verbose(env, "Helper does not support %s in R%d\n",
-				kernel_type_name(reg->btf_id), regno);
 
+		if (!btf_struct_ids_match(&env->log, reg->off, reg->btf_id, *btf_id)) {
+			verbose(env, "R%d is of type %s but %s is expected\n",
+				regno, kernel_type_name(reg->btf_id), kernel_type_name(*btf_id));
 			return -EACCES;
 		}
-		if ((reg->off && !ids_match) || !tnum_is_const(reg->var_off) || reg->var_off.value) {
+		if (!tnum_is_const(reg->var_off) || reg->var_off.value) {
 			verbose(env, "R%d is a pointer to in-kernel struct with non-zero offset\n",
 				regno);
 			return -EACCES;
 		}
-	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SPIN_LOCK) {
-		if (meta->func_id == BPF_FUNC_spin_lock) {
-			if (process_spin_lock(env, regno, true))
-				return -EACCES;
-		} else if (meta->func_id == BPF_FUNC_spin_unlock) {
-			if (process_spin_lock(env, regno, false))
-				return -EACCES;
-		} else {
-			verbose(env, "verifier internal error\n");
-			return -EFAULT;
-		}
-	} else if (arg_type_is_mem_ptr(arg_type)) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_STACK;
-		/* One exception here. In case function allows for NULL to be
-		 * passed in as argument, it's a SCALAR_VALUE type. Final test
-		 * happens during stack boundary checking.
-		 */
-		if (register_is_null(reg) &&
-		    (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL ||
-		     arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL))
-			/* final test in check_stack_boundary() */;
-		else if (!type_is_pkt_pointer(type) &&
-			 type != PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE &&
-			 type != PTR_TO_MEM &&
-			 type != PTR_TO_RDONLY_BUF &&
-			 type != PTR_TO_RDWR_BUF &&
-			 type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-		meta->raw_mode = arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM;
-	} else if (arg_type_is_alloc_mem_ptr(arg_type)) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_MEM;
-		if (register_is_null(reg) &&
-		    arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_ALLOC_MEM_OR_NULL)
-			/* final test in check_stack_boundary() */;
-		else if (type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
+	} else if (type == PTR_TO_CTX) {
+		err = check_ctx_reg(env, reg, regno);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+skip_type_check:
+	if (reg->ref_obj_id) {
 		if (meta->ref_obj_id) {
 			verbose(env, "verifier internal error: more than one arg with ref_obj_id R%d %u %u\n",
 				regno, reg->ref_obj_id,
@@ -4121,15 +4141,6 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 			return -EFAULT;
 		}
 		meta->ref_obj_id = reg->ref_obj_id;
-	} else if (arg_type_is_int_ptr(arg_type)) {
-		expected_type = PTR_TO_STACK;
-		if (!type_is_pkt_pointer(type) &&
-		    type != PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE &&
-		    type != expected_type)
-			goto err_type;
-	} else {
-		verbose(env, "unsupported arg_type %d\n", arg_type);
-		return -EFAULT;
 	}
 
 	if (arg_type == ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR) {
@@ -4168,6 +4179,22 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 		err = check_helper_mem_access(env, regno,
 					      meta->map_ptr->value_size, false,
 					      meta);
+	} else if (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_SPIN_LOCK) {
+		if (meta->func_id == BPF_FUNC_spin_lock) {
+			if (process_spin_lock(env, regno, true))
+				return -EACCES;
+		} else if (meta->func_id == BPF_FUNC_spin_unlock) {
+			if (process_spin_lock(env, regno, false))
+				return -EACCES;
+		} else {
+			verbose(env, "verifier internal error\n");
+			return -EFAULT;
+		}
+	} else if (arg_type_is_mem_ptr(arg_type)) {
+		/* The access to this pointer is only checked when we hit the
+		 * next is_mem_size argument below.
+		 */
+		meta->raw_mode = (arg_type == ARG_PTR_TO_UNINIT_MEM);
 	} else if (arg_type_is_mem_size(arg_type)) {
 		bool zero_size_allowed = (arg_type == ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO);
 
@@ -4233,10 +4260,6 @@ static int check_func_arg(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, u32 arg,
 	}
 
 	return err;
-err_type:
-	verbose(env, "R%d type=%s expected=%s\n", regno,
-		reg_type_str[type], reg_type_str[expected_type]);
-	return -EACCES;
 }
 
 static bool may_update_sockmap(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int func_id)
@@ -4547,10 +4570,22 @@ static bool check_refcount_ok(const struct bpf_func_proto *fn, int func_id)
 	return count <= 1;
 }
 
+static bool check_btf_id_ok(const struct bpf_func_proto *fn)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fn->arg_type); i++)
+		if (fn->arg_type[i] == ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID && !fn->arg_btf_id[i])
+			return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
 static int check_func_proto(const struct bpf_func_proto *fn, int func_id)
 {
 	return check_raw_mode_ok(fn) &&
 	       check_arg_pair_ok(fn) &&
+	       check_btf_id_ok(fn) &&
 	       check_refcount_ok(fn, func_id) ? 0 : -EINVAL;
 }
 
@@ -4946,11 +4981,6 @@ static int check_helper_call(struct bpf_verifier_env *env, int func_id, int insn
 	meta.func_id = func_id;
 	/* check args */
 	for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
-		if (!fn->check_btf_id) {
-			err = btf_resolve_helper_id(&env->log, fn, i);
-			if (err > 0)
-				meta.btf_id = err;
-		}
 		err = check_func_arg(env, i, &meta, fn);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
diff --git a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
index b2a5380eb18713..ebf9be4d0d6a7c 100644
--- a/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
+++ b/kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c
@@ -743,19 +743,18 @@ out:
 	return err;
 }
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_seq_printf_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, seq_file)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(btf_seq_file_ids, struct, seq_file)
 
 static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_seq_printf_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_seq_printf,
 	.gpl_only	= true,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &btf_seq_file_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE,
 	.arg4_type      = ARG_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL,
 	.arg5_type      = ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_seq_printf_btf_ids,
 };
 
 BPF_CALL_3(bpf_seq_write, struct seq_file *, m, const void *, data, u32, len)
@@ -763,17 +762,14 @@ BPF_CALL_3(bpf_seq_write, struct seq_file *, m, const void *, data, u32, len)
 	return seq_write(m, data, len) ? -EOVERFLOW : 0;
 }
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_seq_write_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, seq_file)
-
 static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_seq_write_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_seq_write,
 	.gpl_only	= true,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &btf_seq_file_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_seq_write_btf_ids,
 };
 
 static __always_inline int
@@ -1130,17 +1126,16 @@ static bool bpf_d_path_allowed(const struct bpf_prog *prog)
 	return btf_id_set_contains(&btf_allowlist_d_path, prog->aux->attach_btf_id);
 }
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_d_path_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, path)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_d_path_btf_ids, struct, path)
 
 static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_d_path_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_d_path,
 	.gpl_only	= false,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &bpf_d_path_btf_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_d_path_btf_ids,
 	.allowed	= bpf_d_path_allowed,
 };
 
diff --git a/net/core/bpf_sk_storage.c b/net/core/bpf_sk_storage.c
index 4a86ea34f29e73..d653a583dbc91d 100644
--- a/net/core/bpf_sk_storage.c
+++ b/net/core/bpf_sk_storage.c
@@ -378,19 +378,15 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_sk_storage_delete_proto = {
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET,
 };
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(sk_storage_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID_UNUSED
-BTF_ID(struct, sock)
-
 const struct bpf_func_proto sk_storage_get_btf_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_sk_storage_get,
 	.gpl_only	= false,
 	.ret_type	= RET_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg2_btf_id	= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK],
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MAP_VALUE_OR_NULL,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
-	.btf_id		= sk_storage_btf_ids,
 };
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto sk_storage_delete_btf_proto = {
@@ -399,7 +395,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto sk_storage_delete_btf_proto = {
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.btf_id		= sk_storage_btf_ids,
+	.arg2_btf_id	= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK],
 };
 
 struct bpf_sk_storage_diag {
diff --git a/net/core/filter.c b/net/core/filter.c
index d266c694196700..6014e5f40c5804 100644
--- a/net/core/filter.c
+++ b/net/core/filter.c
@@ -3803,19 +3803,18 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skb_event_output_proto = {
 	.arg5_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
 };
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_skb_output_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, sk_buff)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_skb_output_btf_ids, struct, sk_buff)
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skb_output_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_skb_event_output,
 	.gpl_only	= true,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &bpf_skb_output_btf_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
 	.arg5_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_skb_output_btf_ids,
 };
 
 static unsigned short bpf_tunnel_key_af(u64 flags)
@@ -4199,19 +4198,18 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_xdp_event_output_proto = {
 	.arg5_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
 };
 
-BTF_ID_LIST(bpf_xdp_output_btf_ids)
-BTF_ID(struct, xdp_buff)
+BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(bpf_xdp_output_btf_ids, struct, xdp_buff)
 
 const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_xdp_output_proto = {
 	.func		= bpf_xdp_event_output,
 	.gpl_only	= true,
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &bpf_xdp_output_btf_ids[0],
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_CONST_MAP_PTR,
 	.arg3_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
 	.arg4_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_MEM,
 	.arg5_type	= ARG_CONST_SIZE_OR_ZERO,
-	.btf_id		= bpf_xdp_output_btf_ids,
 };
 
 BPF_CALL_1(bpf_get_socket_cookie, struct sk_buff *, skb)
@@ -9897,17 +9895,6 @@ BTF_SOCK_TYPE_xxx
 u32 btf_sock_ids[MAX_BTF_SOCK_TYPE];
 #endif
 
-static bool check_arg_btf_id(u32 btf_id, u32 arg)
-{
-	int i;
-
-	/* only one argument, no need to check arg */
-	for (i = 0; i < MAX_BTF_SOCK_TYPE; i++)
-		if (btf_sock_ids[i] == btf_id)
-			return true;
-	return false;
-}
-
 BPF_CALL_1(bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock, struct sock *, sk)
 {
 	/* tcp6_sock type is not generated in dwarf and hence btf,
@@ -9926,7 +9913,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock_proto = {
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.check_btf_id		= check_arg_btf_id,
+	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP6],
 };
 
@@ -9943,7 +9930,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_sock_proto = {
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.check_btf_id		= check_arg_btf_id,
+	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP],
 };
 
@@ -9967,7 +9954,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_timewait_sock_proto = {
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.check_btf_id		= check_arg_btf_id,
+	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP_TW],
 };
 
@@ -9991,7 +9978,7 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_tcp_request_sock_proto = {
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.check_btf_id		= check_arg_btf_id,
+	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_TCP_REQ],
 };
 
@@ -10013,6 +10000,6 @@ const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_skc_to_udp6_sock_proto = {
 	.gpl_only		= false,
 	.ret_type		= RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL,
 	.arg1_type		= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
-	.check_btf_id		= check_arg_btf_id,
+	.arg1_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],
 	.ret_btf_id		= &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_UDP6],
 };
diff --git a/net/ipv4/bpf_tcp_ca.c b/net/ipv4/bpf_tcp_ca.c
index e3939f76b024ea..74a2ef598c312a 100644
--- a/net/ipv4/bpf_tcp_ca.c
+++ b/net/ipv4/bpf_tcp_ca.c
@@ -28,23 +28,18 @@ static u32 unsupported_ops[] = {
 static const struct btf_type *tcp_sock_type;
 static u32 tcp_sock_id, sock_id;
 
-static int btf_sk_storage_get_ids[5];
 static struct bpf_func_proto btf_sk_storage_get_proto __read_mostly;
-
-static int btf_sk_storage_delete_ids[5];
 static struct bpf_func_proto btf_sk_storage_delete_proto __read_mostly;
 
-static void convert_sk_func_proto(struct bpf_func_proto *to, int *to_btf_ids,
-				  const struct bpf_func_proto *from)
+static void convert_sk_func_proto(struct bpf_func_proto *to, const struct bpf_func_proto *from)
 {
 	int i;
 
 	*to = *from;
-	to->btf_id = to_btf_ids;
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(to->arg_type); i++) {
 		if (to->arg_type[i] == ARG_PTR_TO_SOCKET) {
 			to->arg_type[i] = ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID;
-			to->btf_id[i] = tcp_sock_id;
+			to->arg_btf_id[i] = &tcp_sock_id;
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -64,12 +59,8 @@ static int bpf_tcp_ca_init(struct btf *btf)
 	tcp_sock_id = type_id;
 	tcp_sock_type = btf_type_by_id(btf, tcp_sock_id);
 
-	convert_sk_func_proto(&btf_sk_storage_get_proto,
-			      btf_sk_storage_get_ids,
-			      &bpf_sk_storage_get_proto);
-	convert_sk_func_proto(&btf_sk_storage_delete_proto,
-			      btf_sk_storage_delete_ids,
-			      &bpf_sk_storage_delete_proto);
+	convert_sk_func_proto(&btf_sk_storage_get_proto, &bpf_sk_storage_get_proto);
+	convert_sk_func_proto(&btf_sk_storage_delete_proto, &bpf_sk_storage_delete_proto);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -185,8 +176,8 @@ static const struct bpf_func_proto bpf_tcp_send_ack_proto = {
 	/* In case we want to report error later */
 	.ret_type	= RET_INTEGER,
 	.arg1_type	= ARG_PTR_TO_BTF_ID,
+	.arg1_btf_id	= &tcp_sock_id,
 	.arg2_type	= ARG_ANYTHING,
-	.btf_id		= &tcp_sock_id,
 };
 
 static const struct bpf_func_proto *
diff --git a/tools/include/linux/btf_ids.h b/tools/include/linux/btf_ids.h
index 210b086188a3e9..57890b357f8517 100644
--- a/tools/include/linux/btf_ids.h
+++ b/tools/include/linux/btf_ids.h
@@ -76,6 +76,13 @@ extern u32 name[];
 #define BTF_ID_LIST_GLOBAL(name)			\
 __BTF_ID_LIST(name, globl)
 
+/* The BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE macro defines a BTF_ID_LIST with
+ * a single entry.
+ */
+#define BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(name, prefix, typename)	\
+	BTF_ID_LIST(name) \
+	BTF_ID(prefix, typename)
+
 /*
  * The BTF_ID_UNUSED macro defines 4 zero bytes.
  * It's used when we want to define 'unused' entry
@@ -140,6 +147,7 @@ extern struct btf_id_set name;
 #define BTF_ID(prefix, name)
 #define BTF_ID_UNUSED
 #define BTF_ID_LIST_GLOBAL(name) u32 name[1];
+#define BTF_ID_LIST_SINGLE(name, prefix, typename) static u32 name[1];
 #define BTF_SET_START(name) static struct btf_id_set name = { 0 };
 #define BTF_SET_START_GLOBAL(name) static struct btf_id_set name = { 0 };
 #define BTF_SET_END(name)