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Diffstat (limited to 'gitformat-chunk.html')
| -rw-r--r-- | gitformat-chunk.html | 895 |
1 files changed, 895 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/gitformat-chunk.html b/gitformat-chunk.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..a38231614 --- /dev/null +++ b/gitformat-chunk.html @@ -0,0 +1,895 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
+<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
+<title>gitformat-chunk(5)</title>
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+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+ border-top: 2px solid silver;
+ border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
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+}
+asciidoc.install();
+/*]]>*/
+</script>
+</head>
+<body class="manpage">
+<div id="header">
+<h1>
+gitformat-chunk(5) Manual Page
+</h1>
+<h2>NAME</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<p>gitformat-chunk -
+ Chunk-based file formats
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="content">
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_synopsis">SYNOPSIS</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Used by <a href="gitformat-commit-graph.html">gitformat-commit-graph(5)</a> and the "MIDX" format (see
+the pack format documentation in <a href="gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a>).</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_description">DESCRIPTION</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Some file formats in Git use a common concept of "chunks" to describe
+sections of the file. This allows structured access to a large file by
+scanning a small "table of contents" for the remaining data. This common
+format is used by the <code>commit-graph</code> and <code>multi-pack-index</code> files. See
+the <code>multi-pack-index</code> format in <a href="gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a> and
+the <code>commit-graph</code> format in <a href="gitformat-commit-graph.html">gitformat-commit-graph(5)</a> for
+how they use the chunks to describe structured data.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>A chunk-based file format begins with some header information custom to
+that format. That header should include enough information to identify
+the file type, format version, and number of chunks in the file. From this
+information, that file can determine the start of the chunk-based region.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The chunk-based region starts with a table of contents describing where
+each chunk starts and ends. This consists of (C+1) rows of 12 bytes each,
+where C is the number of chunks. Consider the following table:</p></div>
+<div class="literalblock">
+<div class="content">
+<pre><code>| Chunk ID (4 bytes) | Chunk Offset (8 bytes) |
+|--------------------|------------------------|
+| ID[0] | OFFSET[0] |
+| ... | ... |
+| ID[C] | OFFSET[C] |
+| 0x0000 | OFFSET[C+1] |</code></pre>
+</div></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Each row consists of a 4-byte chunk identifier (ID) and an 8-byte offset.
+Each integer is stored in network-byte order.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The chunk identifier <code>ID[i]</code> is a label for the data stored within this
+fill from <code>OFFSET[i]</code> (inclusive) to <code>OFFSET[i+1]</code> (exclusive). Thus, the
+size of the <code>i`th chunk is equal to the difference between `OFFSET[i+1]</code>
+and <code>OFFSET[i]</code>. This requires that the chunk data appears contiguously
+in the same order as the table of contents.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The final entry in the table of contents must be four zero bytes. This
+confirms that the table of contents is ending and provides the offset for
+the end of the chunk-based data.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Note: The chunk-based format expects that the file contains <em>at least</em> a
+trailing hash after <code>OFFSET[C+1]</code>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Functions for working with chunk-based file formats are declared in
+<code>chunk-format.h</code>. Using these methods provide extra checks that assist
+developers when creating new file formats.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_writing_chunk_based_file_formats">Writing chunk-based file formats</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>To write a chunk-based file format, create a <code>struct chunkfile</code> by
+calling <code>init_chunkfile()</code> and pass a <code>struct hashfile</code> pointer. The
+caller is responsible for opening the <code>hashfile</code> and writing header
+information so the file format is identifiable before the chunk-based
+format begins.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Then, call <code>add_chunk()</code> for each chunk that is intended for write. This
+populates the <code>chunkfile</code> with information about the order and size of
+each chunk to write. Provide a <code>chunk_write_fn</code> function pointer to
+perform the write of the chunk data upon request.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Call <code>write_chunkfile()</code> to write the table of contents to the <code>hashfile</code>
+followed by each of the chunks. This will verify that each chunk wrote
+the expected amount of data so the table of contents is correct.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Finally, call <code>free_chunkfile()</code> to clear the <code>struct chunkfile</code> data. The
+caller is responsible for finalizing the <code>hashfile</code> by writing the trailing
+hash and closing the file.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_reading_chunk_based_file_formats">Reading chunk-based file formats</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>To read a chunk-based file format, the file must be opened as a
+memory-mapped region. The chunk-format API expects that the entire file
+is mapped as a contiguous memory region.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Initialize a <code>struct chunkfile</code> pointer with <code>init_chunkfile(NULL)</code>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>After reading the header information from the beginning of the file,
+including the chunk count, call <code>read_table_of_contents()</code> to populate
+the <code>struct chunkfile</code> with the list of chunks, their offsets, and their
+sizes.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Extract the data information for each chunk using <code>pair_chunk()</code> or
+<code>read_chunk()</code>:</p></div>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<code>pair_chunk()</code> assigns a given pointer with the location inside the
+ memory-mapped file corresponding to that chunk’s offset. If the chunk
+ does not exist, then the pointer is not modified.
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<code>read_chunk()</code> takes a <code>chunk_read_fn</code> function pointer and calls it
+ with the appropriate initial pointer and size information. The function
+ is not called if the chunk does not exist. Use this method to read chunks
+ if you need to perform immediate parsing or if you need to execute logic
+ based on the size of the chunk.
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>After calling these methods, call <code>free_chunkfile()</code> to clear the
+<code>struct chunkfile</code> data. This will not close the memory-mapped region.
+Callers are expected to own that data for the timeframe the pointers into
+the region are needed.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_examples">Examples</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>These file formats use the chunk-format API, and can be used as examples
+for future formats:</p></div>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<strong>commit-graph:</strong> see <code>write_commit_graph_file()</code> and <code>parse_commit_graph()</code>
+ in <code>commit-graph.c</code> for how the chunk-format API is used to write and
+ parse the commit-graph file format documented in
+ the commit-graph file format in <a href="gitformat-commit-graph.html">gitformat-commit-graph(5)</a>.
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<strong>multi-pack-index:</strong> see <code>write_midx_internal()</code> and <code>load_multi_pack_index()</code>
+ in <code>midx.c</code> for how the chunk-format API is used to write and
+ parse the multi-pack-index file format documented in
+ the multi-pack-index file format section of <a href="gitformat-pack.html">gitformat-pack(5)</a>.
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_git">GIT</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Part of the <a href="git.html">git(1)</a> suite</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
+<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer-text">
+Last updated
+ 2022-08-18 14:11:07 PDT
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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