Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.42.0-270-gbcb6ca

author: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> 2023-09-22 17:07:41 -0700
committer: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> 2023-09-22 17:07:41 -0700
commit: acfb98de3d9e0df8963c76d7503dd30738beb75b (patch)
tree: 469f8b0c10e1b0939025ceffa36077eec740705d
parent: 81aefe8c69270c0db34d75bccd5349600adfc4b6 (diff)
download: git-htmldocs-acfb98de3d9e0df8963c76d7503dd30738beb75b.tar.gz
48 files changed, 78 insertions, 64 deletions
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html
index 3d993f9fe..f334e102d 100644
--- a/MyFirstContribution.html
+++ b/MyFirstContribution.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
index ef1149503..6602ee4a3 100644
--- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
+++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt
index 76deb1a7b..f5b426a9d 100644
--- a/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt
+++ b/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt
@@ -86,6 +86,9 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
  * Unused parameters to functions are marked as such, and/or removed,
    in order to bring us closer to -Wunused-parameter clean.
 
+ * The code to keep track of existing packs in the repository while
+   repacking has been refactored.
+
 
 Fixes since v2.42
 -----------------
@@ -166,6 +169,15 @@ Fixes since v2.42
    work.
    (merge 4333267995 pb/completion-aliases-doc later to maint).
 
+ * HTTP Header redaction code has been adjusted for a newer version of
+   cURL library that shows its traces differently from earlier
+   versions.
+   (merge 0763c3a2c4 jk/redact-h2h3-headers-fix later to maint).
+
+ * An error message given by "git send-email" when given a malformed
+   address did not give correct information, which has been corrected.
+   (merge 12288cc44e tb/send-email-extract-valid-address-error-message-fix later to maint).
+
  * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc.
    (merge fd3ba590d8 ws/git-push-doc-grammofix later to maint).
    (merge 5f33a843de ds/upload-pack-error-sequence-fix later to maint).
@@ -182,3 +194,5 @@ Fixes since v2.42
    (merge 078c42531e rs/name-rev-use-opt-hidden-bool later to maint).
    (merge 63642d58b4 ob/sequencer-remove-dead-code later to maint).
    (merge 8aae489756 ob/t3404-typofix later to maint).
+   (merge 58be11432e eg/config-type-path-docfix later to maint).
+   (merge 563f339d98 ch/clean-docfix later to maint).
diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html
index c60290dd1..63983cfa8 100644
--- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html
+++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html
index b2edf045e..e60e772fe 100644
--- a/SubmittingPatches.html
+++ b/SubmittingPatches.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html
index 4d0554284..9810efc2e 100644
--- a/ToolsForGit.html
+++ b/ToolsForGit.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html
index 7da2bce73..80f96f6f7 100644
--- a/everyday.html
+++ b/everyday.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-clean.html b/git-clean.html
index fb95d958d..50fba18e7 100644
--- a/git-clean.html
+++ b/git-clean.html
@@ -942,7 +942,7 @@ quit
 </dt>
 <dd>
 <p>
-  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+  This lets you quit without doing any cleaning.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ clean.requireForce
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:04:28 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/git-clean.txt b/git-clean.txt
index 160d08b86..5e1a3d514 100644
--- a/git-clean.txt
+++ b/git-clean.txt
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ask each::
 
 quit::
 
-  This lets you quit without do cleaning.
+  This lets you quit without doing any cleaning.
 
 help::
 
diff --git a/git-config.html b/git-config.html
index 47eaca95d..9ee2a07fe 100644
--- a/git-config.html
+++ b/git-config.html
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ available files.</p></div>
 </li>
 <li>
 <p>
-<em>path</em>: canonicalize by adding a leading <code>~</code> to the value of <code>$HOME</code> and
+<em>path</em>: canonicalize by expanding a leading <code>~</code> to the value of <code>$HOME</code> and
   <code>~user</code> to the home directory for the specified user. This specifier has no
   effect when setting the value (but you can use <code>git config section.variable
   ~/</code> from the command line to let your shell do the expansion.)
@@ -11786,7 +11786,7 @@ looks like</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2022-07-22 15:56:51 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:04:28 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/git-config.txt b/git-config.txt
index 7a2bcb2f6..b1caac887 100644
--- a/git-config.txt
+++ b/git-config.txt
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ Valid `<type>`'s include:
   1073741824 upon input.
 - 'bool-or-int': canonicalize according to either 'bool' or 'int', as described
   above.
-- 'path': canonicalize by adding a leading `~` to the value of `$HOME` and
+- 'path': canonicalize by expanding a leading `~` to the value of `$HOME` and
   `~user` to the home directory for the specified user. This specifier has no
   effect when setting the value (but you can use `git config section.variable
   ~/` from the command line to let your shell do the expansion.)
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html
index 6f8413125..96d0940b5 100644
--- a/git-remote-helpers.html
+++ b/git-remote-helpers.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
index b47ac0503..7aaadb0f7 100644
--- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
+++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html
@@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ Thanks,
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:18 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
index 48ec52e65..684d6af56 100644
--- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
+++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ tip of your <em>master</em> again and redo the two merges:</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:18 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html
index ff2d6482f..25585e74d 100644
--- a/howto/maintain-git.html
+++ b/howto/maintain-git.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div class="sect1">
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic</code></pre>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:18 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html
index d927e8586..4acb4be0c 100644
--- a/howto/new-command.html
+++ b/howto/new-command.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ letter [PATCH 0/n].
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:03 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:15 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
index bb76a03b2..09185f712 100644
--- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
+++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ the #1' commit.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:18 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
index e66680d42..1f89783ae 100644
--- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
+++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ This is still crude and does not protect against simultaneous
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:17 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
index 3ecdce0f3..adfe417e9 100644
--- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
+++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ thing.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:17 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
index 7fd77d8e7..188046274 100644
--- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
+++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:17 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
index df6f0064d..9dc0e53f1 100644
--- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
+++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ P---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---M2
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:05 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:17 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
index 396080e2b..ab2bf5ec3 100644
--- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
+++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:03 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:15 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
index 859901e13..c80db199f 100644
--- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
+++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ o---o"master"</code></pre>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:17 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
index 47a06f0f4..f130668e7 100644
--- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
+++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:16 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/update-hook-example.html b/howto/update-hook-example.html
index 94c645506..ff697407c 100644
--- a/howto/update-hook-example.html
+++ b/howto/update-hook-example.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:16 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.html b/howto/use-git-daemon.html
index 47677eb47..b3ebc0528 100644
--- a/howto/use-git-daemon.html
+++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to use git-daemon</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ a good practice to put the paths after a "--" separator.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:16 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
index 331ff3767..7c7d1b87d 100644
--- a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
+++ b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to use the subtree merge strategy</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Please note that if the other project merges from you, then it will
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:15 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
index 3a578c3fb..0f9b6333a 100644
--- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
+++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>How to use a signed tag in pull requests</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ as part of the merge commit.</p></div>
 <div id="footer">
 <div id="footer-text">
 Last updated
- 2023-09-20 12:04:04 PDT
+ 2023-09-22 17:05:16 PDT
 </div>
 </div>
 </body>
diff --git a/technical/api-error-handling.html b/technical/api-error-handling.html
index 02ced4e20..184a92d1f 100644
--- a/technical/api-error-handling.html
+++ b/technical/api-error-handling.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Error reporting in git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-index.html b/technical/api-index.html
index 5e845a35c..d13d0ddf7 100644
--- a/technical/api-index.html
+++ b/technical/api-index.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>Git API Documents</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-merge.html b/technical/api-merge.html
index a7422a981..155b76d37 100644
--- a/technical/api-merge.html
+++ b/technical/api-merge.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>merge API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.html b/technical/api-parse-options.html
index cb034fd79..cd83adc58 100644
--- a/technical/api-parse-options.html
+++ b/technical/api-parse-options.html
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install();
 <body class="article">
 <div id="header">
 <h1>parse-options API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-22</span>
 </div>
 <div id="content">
 <div id="preamble">
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 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
-<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-09-20</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
+<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-09-22</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX
 command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how
 to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how
 to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for
author	Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>	2023-09-22 17:07:41 -0700
committer	Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>	2023-09-22 17:07:41 -0700
commit	acfb98de3d9e0df8963c76d7503dd30738beb75b (patch)
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download	git-htmldocs-acfb98de3d9e0df8963c76d7503dd30738beb75b.tar.gz