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| author | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-12-09 17:43:11 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-12-09 17:43:11 -0800 |
| commit | 9c919c74b7fda282913220a8f9af0f70d47a194c (patch) | |
| tree | ef5a6d931bdfdaed6c82dc6faa0eca37857d0a53 | |
| parent | cb119ab9d01a5ead330e94756b310ca384219570 (diff) | |
| download | git-htmldocs-9c919c74b7fda282913220a8f9af0f70d47a194c.tar.gz | |
Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.43.0-76-g1a87c
244 files changed, 1846 insertions, 333 deletions
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html index 343944b05..d8e32043a 100644 --- a/MyFirstContribution.html +++ b/MyFirstContribution.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -2097,7 +2097,7 @@ should generate your diffs from <code><topic>..<mybranch></code> and <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-11-07 12:13:08 JST
+ 2023-11-06 19:13:08 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html index ac258e167..1542cd608 100644 --- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html +++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1737,7 +1737,7 @@ Changed the display order of the filtered object walk <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-18 03:51:48 JST
+ 2023-07-17 11:51:48 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..6a2bd93c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,43 @@ +Git v2.44 Release Notes +======================= + +UI, Workflows & Features + + * "git add" and "git stash" learned to support the ":(attr:...)" + magic pathspec. + + * "git rebase --autosquash" is now enabled for non-interactive rebase, + but it is still incompatible with the apply backend. + + +Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. + + * Process to add some form of low-level unit tests has started. + + * Add support for GitLab CI. + + * "git for-each-ref --no-sort" still sorted the refs alphabetically + which paid non-trivial cost. It has been redefined to show output + in an unspecified order, to allow certain optimizations to take + advantage of. + + +Fixes since v2.43 +----------------- + + * The way CI testing used "prove" could lead to running the test + suite twice needlessly, which has been corrected. + (merge e7e03ef995 js/ci-discard-prove-state later to maint). + + * Update ref-related tests. + + * "git format-patch --encode-email-headers" ignored the option when + preparing the cover letter, which has been corrected. + + * Newer versions of Getopt::Long started giving warnings against our + (ab)use of it in "git send-email". Bump the minimum version + requirement for Perl to 5.8.1 (from September 2002) to allow + simplifying our implementation. + (merge 6ff658cc78 tz/send-email-negatable-options later to maint). + + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html index 3a90dc2c8..a8a6d0e72 100644 --- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html +++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -975,7 +975,7 @@ message (after the <code>---</code>) and the beginning of the diff.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html index b7f7c8cdd..e3ee3c4ea 100644 --- a/SubmittingPatches.html +++ b/SubmittingPatches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1518,7 +1518,7 @@ this problem around.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-11-21 01:57:08 JST
+ 2023-11-20 08:57:08 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html index 6e9b20708..192f53e6f 100644 --- a/ToolsForGit.html +++ b/ToolsForGit.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ document can be applied here too.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html index 58e5f99e8..9d430f95b 100644 --- a/everyday.html +++ b/everyday.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ link you clicked to get here.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-add.html b/git-add.html index 7e41b4abe..1514e39e9 100644 --- a/git-add.html +++ b/git-add.html @@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ add.interactive.useBuiltin <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-02-23 08:29:29 JST
+ 2023-02-22 15:29:29 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-am.html b/git-am.html index c38311c00..6546f3a80 100644 --- a/git-am.html +++ b/git-am.html @@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ am.threeWay <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-annotate.html b/git-annotate.html index 3ce050a0c..d38dbe2a2 100644 --- a/git-annotate.html +++ b/git-annotate.html @@ -1089,7 +1089,7 @@ take effect.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-apply.html b/git-apply.html index 06b9dffe9..cf6d549c1 100644 --- a/git-apply.html +++ b/git-apply.html @@ -1248,7 +1248,7 @@ subdirectory is checked and (if possible) updated.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-archimport.html b/git-archimport.html index 74ae5b094..488402165 100644 --- a/git-archimport.html +++ b/git-archimport.html @@ -905,7 +905,7 @@ patches that have been traded out-of-sequence between the branches.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-12-11 07:52:02 JST
+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-archive.html b/git-archive.html index 7ad8d45f1..16a1105f9 100644 --- a/git-archive.html +++ b/git-archive.html @@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ while archiving any tree in your <code>$GIT_DIR/info/attributes</code> file.</p> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-bisect.html b/git-bisect.html index 4c30d2f5f..f4b649d1e 100644 --- a/git-bisect.html +++ b/git-bisect.html @@ -1244,7 +1244,7 @@ help</code> or <code>git bisect -h</code> to get a long usage description.</p></ <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-31 15:29:48 JST
+ 2023-10-30 23:29:48 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-blame.html b/git-blame.html index af1e0706c..9c0a73b7a 100644 --- a/git-blame.html +++ b/git-blame.html @@ -1498,7 +1498,7 @@ blame.markIgnoredLines <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-branch.html b/git-branch.html index 33c7c65cc..35b0708ea 100644 --- a/git-branch.html +++ b/git-branch.html @@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ a branch?”</a> in the Git User’s Manual.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-bugreport.html b/git-bugreport.html index 32141e732..280115b7c 100644 --- a/git-bugreport.html +++ b/git-bugreport.html @@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ about their usage.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-bundle.html b/git-bundle.html index 696f2b00b..2c870b953 100644 --- a/git-bundle.html +++ b/git-bundle.html @@ -1104,7 +1104,7 @@ references when fetching:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-03-20 07:16:41 JST
+ 2023-03-19 15:16:41 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-cat-file.html b/git-cat-file.html index e6bf311b5..21057aacf 100644 --- a/git-cat-file.html +++ b/git-cat-file.html @@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ will be reported.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-19 05:44:22 JST
+ 2023-10-18 13:44:22 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-check-attr.html b/git-check-attr.html index 04b989927..be89417ed 100644 --- a/git-check-attr.html +++ b/git-check-attr.html @@ -970,7 +970,7 @@ README: caveat: unspecified</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-check-ignore.html b/git-check-ignore.html index 4d72e6dc9..344c29e0b 100644 --- a/git-check-ignore.html +++ b/git-check-ignore.html @@ -924,7 +924,7 @@ buffer.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-check-mailmap.html b/git-check-mailmap.html index a45a0bf97..421cbf80b 100644 --- a/git-check-mailmap.html +++ b/git-check-mailmap.html @@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ to specify a custom <code>.mailmap</code> target file or object.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-01-26 11:03:13 JST
+ 2021-01-25 18:03:13 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-check-ref-format.html b/git-check-ref-format.html index 6c92aff00..abcf6ef65 100644 --- a/git-check-ref-format.html +++ b/git-check-ref-format.html @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ Determine the reference name to use for a new branch: <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-checkout-index.html b/git-checkout-index.html index 313fc64e4..c4c0fd27d 100644 --- a/git-checkout-index.html +++ b/git-checkout-index.html @@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ into the file <code>.merged-Makefile</code>.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-checkout.html b/git-checkout.html index c9d94da28..d9e0cf9bb 100644 --- a/git-checkout.html +++ b/git-checkout.html @@ -1633,7 +1633,7 @@ checkout.thresholdForParallelism <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-cherry-pick.html b/git-cherry-pick.html index 3b421e89e..353bbfb4f 100644 --- a/git-cherry-pick.html +++ b/git-cherry-pick.html @@ -1217,7 +1217,7 @@ try to apply the change introduced by <code>topic^</code> again, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-01-22 10:52:14 JST
+ 2023-01-21 17:52:14 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-cherry.html b/git-cherry.html index 6f997f85e..2f5665147 100644 --- a/git-cherry.html +++ b/git-cherry.html @@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ between <code>base</code> and <code>topic</code>:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-citool.html b/git-citool.html index 2769f7805..c7530ab18 100644 --- a/git-citool.html +++ b/git-citool.html @@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ See <a href="git-gui.html">git-gui(1)</a> for more details.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-clean.html b/git-clean.html index 504cfc66f..0e947da77 100644 --- a/git-clean.html +++ b/git-clean.html @@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ clean.requireForce <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-clone.html b/git-clone.html index 67194bc86..39b3f6c92 100644 --- a/git-clone.html +++ b/git-clone.html @@ -1513,7 +1513,7 @@ clone.filterSubmodules <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-04-21 07:18:02 JST
+ 2023-04-20 15:18:02 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-column.html b/git-column.html index 812bc8d2a..bf89dcc59 100644 --- a/git-column.html +++ b/git-column.html @@ -1015,7 +1015,7 @@ column.tag <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-09-15 05:23:11 JST
+ 2022-09-14 13:23:11 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-commit-graph.html b/git-commit-graph.html index a76d53e72..c7e3188b9 100644 --- a/git-commit-graph.html +++ b/git-commit-graph.html @@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ commitGraph.readChangedPaths <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-commit-tree.html b/git-commit-tree.html index e88f69a9c..39a88be85 100644 --- a/git-commit-tree.html +++ b/git-commit-tree.html @@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ reversible operation.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-04-25 15:01:58 JST
+ 2020-04-24 23:01:58 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-commit.html b/git-commit.html index e60c16063..539622ffc 100644 --- a/git-commit.html +++ b/git-commit.html @@ -1840,7 +1840,7 @@ information.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-05 07:43:56 JST
+ 2023-10-04 15:43:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-config.html b/git-config.html index 217b78084..f79d468ec 100644 --- a/git-config.html +++ b/git-config.html @@ -9656,7 +9656,9 @@ rebase.autoSquash </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- If set to true enable <code>--autosquash</code> option by default.
+ If set to true, enable the <code>--autosquash</code> option of
+ <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> by default for interactive mode.
+ This can be overridden with the <code>--no-autosquash</code> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -11845,7 +11847,7 @@ looks like</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-23 09:04:28 JST
+ 2023-09-22 17:04:28 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-count-objects.html b/git-count-objects.html index 5cd64553d..d54a5c898 100644 --- a/git-count-objects.html +++ b/git-count-objects.html @@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ Print sizes in human readable format <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-credential-cache--daemon.html b/git-credential-cache--daemon.html index 35672fcd5..0b7a87414 100644 --- a/git-credential-cache--daemon.html +++ b/git-credential-cache--daemon.html @@ -786,7 +786,7 @@ begun listening for clients.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-credential-cache.html b/git-credential-cache.html index 0ef9e6c77..bfe10c977 100644 --- a/git-credential-cache.html +++ b/git-credential-cache.html @@ -845,7 +845,7 @@ variable (this example increases the cache time to 1 hour):</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-credential-store.html b/git-credential-store.html index 8b01eacd8..c64a1ae50 100644 --- a/git-credential-store.html +++ b/git-credential-store.html @@ -882,7 +882,7 @@ for more information.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-credential.html b/git-credential.html index 614f6b019..ce596fc64 100644 --- a/git-credential.html +++ b/git-credential.html @@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ to pass additional information to credential helpers.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
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</body>
diff --git a/git-cvsexportcommit.html b/git-cvsexportcommit.html index 5f2236503..71f742872 100644 --- a/git-cvsexportcommit.html +++ b/git-cvsexportcommit.html @@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ $ git cherry cvshead myhead | sed -n 's/^+ //p' | xargs -l1 git cvsexportcommit <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-12-11 07:52:02 JST
+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-cvsimport.html b/git-cvsimport.html index 83ecbbe0c..af3a9caee 100644 --- a/git-cvsimport.html +++ b/git-cvsimport.html @@ -1107,7 +1107,7 @@ cvs2git (part of cvs2svn), <code>http://subversion.apache.org/</code> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
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+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-cvsserver.html b/git-cvsserver.html index a675dc4ca..a9f96a95b 100644 --- a/git-cvsserver.html +++ b/git-cvsserver.html @@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ and <code>gitcvs.allBinary</code> to "guess".</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
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+ 2023-06-23 13:24:09 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-daemon.html b/git-daemon.html index f30e5b9ff..5e2fa7ad5 100644 --- a/git-daemon.html +++ b/git-daemon.html @@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ services are performed.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-describe.html b/git-describe.html index 144f232ae..43efd6c88 100644 --- a/git-describe.html +++ b/git-describe.html @@ -1042,7 +1042,7 @@ tag being favorable.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-06-24 05:24:09 JST
+ 2023-06-23 13:24:09 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-diagnose.html b/git-diagnose.html index 505b40e4c..4fc838819 100644 --- a/git-diagnose.html +++ b/git-diagnose.html @@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ Users should exercise caution when sharing an archive generated with <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-08-26 07:15:05 JST
+ 2022-08-25 15:15:05 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-diff-files.html b/git-diff-files.html index 9077941fe..2c512cf73 100644 --- a/git-diff-files.html +++ b/git-diff-files.html @@ -2716,7 +2716,7 @@ the pathname, but if that is <code>NUL</code>, the record will show two paths.</ <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-diff-index.html b/git-diff-index.html index 68865ed7b..238db47ca 100644 --- a/git-diff-index.html +++ b/git-diff-index.html @@ -2810,7 +2810,7 @@ always have the special all-zero sha1.</td> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-diff-tree.html b/git-diff-tree.html index 1fed50f81..54ca361f9 100644 --- a/git-diff-tree.html +++ b/git-diff-tree.html @@ -4044,7 +4044,7 @@ the pathname, but if that is <code>NUL</code>, the record will show two paths.</ <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-diff.html b/git-diff.html index e81d8a1f3..34f703e50 100644 --- a/git-diff.html +++ b/git-diff.html @@ -3679,7 +3679,7 @@ diff.colorMovedWS <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-06-24 05:24:09 JST
+ 2023-06-23 13:24:09 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-difftool.html b/git-difftool.html index d55bfc48f..62858e6a9 100644 --- a/git-difftool.html +++ b/git-difftool.html @@ -1055,7 +1055,7 @@ difftool.guiDefault <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fast-export.html b/git-fast-export.html index 5de4830b3..fa7da2179 100644 --- a/git-fast-export.html +++ b/git-fast-export.html @@ -1120,7 +1120,7 @@ a tag referencing a tree instead of a commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fast-import.html b/git-fast-import.html index ee86b99c8..a7047a374 100644 --- a/git-fast-import.html +++ b/git-fast-import.html @@ -2640,7 +2640,7 @@ fastimport.unpackLimit <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fetch-pack.html b/git-fetch-pack.html index ae0cb506b..95a4f984f 100644 --- a/git-fetch-pack.html +++ b/git-fetch-pack.html @@ -983,7 +983,7 @@ they may alternatively be 40-hex sha1s present on the remote.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fetch.html b/git-fetch.html index 18406e8f2..1fdd6118b 100644 --- a/git-fetch.html +++ b/git-fetch.html @@ -2237,7 +2237,7 @@ submodule update</code>. This is expected to be fixed in a future Git version.</ <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-05-16 08:02:03 JST
+ 2023-05-15 16:02:03 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-filter-branch.html b/git-filter-branch.html index bb44565f2..73d68b573 100644 --- a/git-filter-branch.html +++ b/git-filter-branch.html @@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ To top it all off, even when users finally find working commands, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-11-02 15:43:13 JST
+ 2020-11-01 22:43:13 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fmt-merge-msg.html b/git-fmt-merge-msg.html index 448dc1fe7..6966f1e8b 100644 --- a/git-fmt-merge-msg.html +++ b/git-fmt-merge-msg.html @@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ the "origin" remote.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-01-06 07:13:29 JST
+ 2022-01-05 14:13:29 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-for-each-ref.html b/git-for-each-ref.html index 6798e1129..a9d5256bc 100644 --- a/git-for-each-ref.html +++ b/git-for-each-ref.html @@ -822,18 +822,14 @@ host language allowing their direct evaluation in that language.</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- A string that interpolates <code>%(fieldname)</code> from a ref being shown
- and the object it points at. If <code>fieldname</code>
- is prefixed with an asterisk (<code>*</code>) and the ref points
- at a tag object, use the value for the field in the object
- which the tag object refers to (instead of the field in the tag object).
- When unspecified, <code><format></code> defaults to
- <code>%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)</code>.
- It also interpolates <code>%%</code> to <code>%</code>, and <code>%xx</code> where <code>xx</code>
- are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code
- <code>xx</code>; for example <code>%00</code> interpolates to <code>\0</code> (NUL),
- <code>%09</code> to <code>\t</code> (TAB) and <code>%0a</code> to <code>\n</code> (LF).
+ A string that interpolates <code>%(fieldname)</code> from a ref being shown and
+ the object it points at. In addition, the string literal <code>%%</code>
+ renders as <code>%</code> and <code>%xx</code> - where <code>xx</code> are hex digits - renders as
+ the character with hex code <code>xx</code>. For example, <code>%00</code> interpolates to
+ <code>\0</code> (NUL), <code>%09</code> to <code>\t</code> (TAB), and <code>%0a</code> to <code>\n</code> (LF).
</p>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>When unspecified, <code><format></code> defaults to <code>%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype)
+TAB %(refname)</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--color[=<when>]
@@ -1262,6 +1258,9 @@ Fields <code>tree</code> and <code>parent</code> can also be used with modifier fields will correspond to the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple
from the <code>committer</code> or <code>tagger</code> fields depending on the object type.
These are intended for working on a mix of annotated and lightweight tags.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>For tag objects, a <code>fieldname</code> prefixed with an asterisk (<code>*</code>) expands to
+the <code>fieldname</code> value of the peeled object, rather than that of the tag
+object itself.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (<code>author</code>,
<code>committer</code>, and <code>tagger</code>) can be suffixed with <code>name</code>, <code>email</code>,
and <code>date</code> to extract the named component. For email fields (<code>authoremail</code>,
@@ -1498,7 +1497,7 @@ commits and from none of the <code>--no-merged</code> commits are shown.</p></di <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-05 07:43:56 JST
+ 2023-12-09 17:40:53 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-for-each-ref.txt b/git-for-each-ref.txt index e86d5700d..be9543f68 100644 --- a/git-for-each-ref.txt +++ b/git-for-each-ref.txt @@ -51,17 +51,14 @@ OPTIONS key. --format=<format>:: - A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from a ref being shown - and the object it points at. If `fieldname` - is prefixed with an asterisk (`*`) and the ref points - at a tag object, use the value for the field in the object - which the tag object refers to (instead of the field in the tag object). - When unspecified, `<format>` defaults to - `%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) TAB %(refname)`. - It also interpolates `%%` to `%`, and `%xx` where `xx` - are hex digits interpolates to character with hex code - `xx`; for example `%00` interpolates to `\0` (NUL), - `%09` to `\t` (TAB) and `%0a` to `\n` (LF). + A string that interpolates `%(fieldname)` from a ref being shown and + the object it points at. In addition, the string literal `%%` + renders as `%` and `%xx` - where `xx` are hex digits - renders as + the character with hex code `xx`. For example, `%00` interpolates to + `\0` (NUL), `%09` to `\t` (TAB), and `%0a` to `\n` (LF). ++ +When unspecified, `<format>` defaults to `%(objectname) SPC %(objecttype) +TAB %(refname)`. --color[=<when>]:: Respect any colors specified in the `--format` option. The @@ -298,6 +295,10 @@ fields will correspond to the appropriate date or name-email-date tuple from the `committer` or `tagger` fields depending on the object type. These are intended for working on a mix of annotated and lightweight tags. +For tag objects, a `fieldname` prefixed with an asterisk (`*`) expands to +the `fieldname` value of the peeled object, rather than that of the tag +object itself. + Fields that have name-email-date tuple as its value (`author`, `committer`, and `tagger`) can be suffixed with `name`, `email`, and `date` to extract the named component. For email fields (`authoremail`, diff --git a/git-for-each-repo.html b/git-for-each-repo.html index 4ee705935..1b269897a 100644 --- a/git-for-each-repo.html +++ b/git-for-each-repo.html @@ -812,7 +812,7 @@ descriptors <code>stdin</code>, <code>stdout</code>, and <code>stderr</code>.</p <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-11-21 15:32:32 JST
+ 2020-11-20 22:32:32 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-format-patch.html b/git-format-patch.html index 01b19426c..d2e154ad0 100644 --- a/git-format-patch.html +++ b/git-format-patch.html @@ -2618,7 +2618,7 @@ merge commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fsck-objects.html b/git-fsck-objects.html index 61b56b38b..661817647 100644 --- a/git-fsck-objects.html +++ b/git-fsck-objects.html @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ documentation of that command.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fsck.html b/git-fsck.html index a7999a74b..148c3b9c8 100644 --- a/git-fsck.html +++ b/git-fsck.html @@ -1591,7 +1591,7 @@ GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-fsmonitor--daemon.html b/git-fsmonitor--daemon.html index 7976b2624..d04cb8e67 100644 --- a/git-fsmonitor--daemon.html +++ b/git-fsmonitor--daemon.html @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ fsmonitor.socketDir <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-gc.html b/git-gc.html index c22b1447e..cc259c1f9 100644 --- a/git-gc.html +++ b/git-gc.html @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ seems to be low in practice).</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-19 05:44:22 JST
+ 2023-10-18 13:44:22 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-get-tar-commit-id.html b/git-get-tar-commit-id.html index c79954be1..fe994802b 100644 --- a/git-get-tar-commit-id.html +++ b/git-get-tar-commit-id.html @@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ a tree ID instead of a commit ID or tag.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-grep.html b/git-grep.html index ee052fc0d..7ab380ca1 100644 --- a/git-grep.html +++ b/git-grep.html @@ -1489,7 +1489,7 @@ grep.fallbackToNoIndex <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-gui.html b/git-gui.html index fbaad6363..d297f8836 100644 --- a/git-gui.html +++ b/git-gui.html @@ -945,7 +945,7 @@ of end users.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-12-11 07:52:02 JST
+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-hash-object.html b/git-hash-object.html index c5edeb14e..b55804565 100644 --- a/git-hash-object.html +++ b/git-hash-object.html @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ When <type> is not specified, it defaults to "blob".</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-help.html b/git-help.html index d2102ac14..1fd38ca06 100644 --- a/git-help.html +++ b/git-help.html @@ -1056,7 +1056,7 @@ See <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for more information about this. <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-hook.html b/git-hook.html index dae55250f..5068e5a84 100644 --- a/git-hook.html +++ b/git-hook.html @@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ mandatory <code>--</code> (or <code>--end-of-options</code>, see <a href="gitcli <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-http-backend.html b/git-http-backend.html index f020c8da9..a0fb2b867 100644 --- a/git-http-backend.html +++ b/git-http-backend.html @@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ invoked by the <em>git-receive-pack</em>.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-http-fetch.html b/git-http-fetch.html index 273318021..0ab1d00fc 100644 --- a/git-http-fetch.html +++ b/git-http-fetch.html @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ commit-id <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-http-push.html b/git-http-push.html index 2e1f9f7df..cf2c85562 100644 --- a/git-http-push.html +++ b/git-http-push.html @@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-imap-send.html b/git-imap-send.html index 6611ce209..959a11ecc 100644 --- a/git-imap-send.html +++ b/git-imap-send.html @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ users may wish to visit this web page for more information: <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-09-15 05:23:11 JST
+ 2022-09-14 13:23:11 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-index-pack.html b/git-index-pack.html index 2488ac732..5555f40fc 100644 --- a/git-index-pack.html +++ b/git-index-pack.html @@ -985,7 +985,7 @@ mentioned above.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-init-db.html b/git-init-db.html index a9ff2fc0a..407cb0782 100644 --- a/git-init-db.html +++ b/git-init-db.html @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ documentation of that command.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-12-11 07:52:02 JST
+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-init.html b/git-init.html index e98713a34..976b0805c 100644 --- a/git-init.html +++ b/git-init.html @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ init.defaultBranch <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-instaweb.html b/git-instaweb.html index f0e88934b..23f6e050a 100644 --- a/git-instaweb.html +++ b/git-instaweb.html @@ -907,7 +907,7 @@ restart <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-interpret-trailers.html b/git-interpret-trailers.html index 4b3fce64d..32ee9a6d0 100644 --- a/git-interpret-trailers.html +++ b/git-interpret-trailers.html @@ -1393,7 +1393,7 @@ $ chmod +x .git/hooks/commit-msg</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-14 07:25:25 JST
+ 2023-10-13 15:25:25 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-log.html b/git-log.html index 7c4387939..bdf1a1aa2 100644 --- a/git-log.html +++ b/git-log.html @@ -5666,7 +5666,7 @@ See <code>notes.rewrite.<command></code> above for a further description o <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-ls-files.html b/git-ls-files.html index 9eeb49905..8c908bc5c 100644 --- a/git-ls-files.html +++ b/git-ls-files.html @@ -1382,7 +1382,7 @@ pattern file appears in.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-ls-remote.html b/git-ls-remote.html index 3391bd962..90781ddd3 100644 --- a/git-ls-remote.html +++ b/git-ls-remote.html @@ -987,7 +987,7 @@ d4ca2e3147b409459955613c152220f4db848ee1 refs/tags/v2.40.0 <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-06-14 05:57:42 JST
+ 2023-06-13 13:57:42 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-ls-tree.html b/git-ls-tree.html index 5d8318607..e20b965a0 100644 --- a/git-ls-tree.html +++ b/git-ls-tree.html @@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ path <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-06-24 05:24:09 JST
+ 2023-06-23 13:24:09 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-mailinfo.html b/git-mailinfo.html index 78995ecdd..749f046ff 100644 --- a/git-mailinfo.html +++ b/git-mailinfo.html @@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ mailinfo.scissors <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-09-15 05:23:11 JST
+ 2022-09-14 13:23:11 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-mailsplit.html b/git-mailsplit.html index 939aaef0c..5f1c2dba5 100644 --- a/git-mailsplit.html +++ b/git-mailsplit.html @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ patches in the correct order.</td> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-maintenance.html b/git-maintenance.html index dfe43f1e0..5f0816780 100644 --- a/git-maintenance.html +++ b/git-maintenance.html @@ -1359,7 +1359,7 @@ maintenance.incremental-repack.auto <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge-base.html b/git-merge-base.html index e2a1dc39b..e86337efa 100644 --- a/git-merge-base.html +++ b/git-merge-base.html @@ -1017,7 +1017,7 @@ commits that used to be at the tip of origin/master).</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge-file.html b/git-merge-file.html index eb821bc5d..ab5fed58c 100644 --- a/git-merge-file.html +++ b/git-merge-file.html @@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ object store and the object ID of its blob is written to standard output.</p></d <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-11-09 02:04:31 JST
+ 2023-11-08 09:04:31 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge-index.html b/git-merge-index.html index d4128b431..2cedbc821 100644 --- a/git-merge-index.html +++ b/git-merge-index.html @@ -852,7 +852,7 @@ for the AA file, because it didn’t exist in the original, and thus <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-12-11 07:52:02 JST
+ 2021-12-10 14:52:02 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge-one-file.html b/git-merge-one-file.html index 907a4010f..1c961f491 100644 --- a/git-merge-one-file.html +++ b/git-merge-one-file.html @@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ to resolve a merge after the trivial merge done with <em>git read-tree -m</em>.< <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge-tree.html b/git-merge-tree.html index b46a76301..a429f6aea 100644 --- a/git-merge-tree.html +++ b/git-merge-tree.html @@ -1152,7 +1152,7 @@ large repositories).</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-merge.html b/git-merge.html index f4d79c058..d5dda7ff8 100644 --- a/git-merge.html +++ b/git-merge.html @@ -2336,7 +2336,7 @@ merge.<driver>.recursive <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-mergetool--lib.html b/git-mergetool--lib.html index 7f04aab63..6f4780f83 100644 --- a/git-mergetool--lib.html +++ b/git-mergetool--lib.html @@ -832,7 +832,7 @@ run_merge_tool <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
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</body>
diff --git a/git-mergetool.html b/git-mergetool.html index b1cffd26d..8c8886e54 100644 --- a/git-mergetool.html +++ b/git-mergetool.html @@ -1342,7 +1342,7 @@ MERGED and REMOTE).</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
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diff --git a/git-mktag.html b/git-mktag.html index 2767aa6d2..037c05c81 100644 --- a/git-mktag.html +++ b/git-mktag.html @@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ care about, but that can be verified with gpg.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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diff --git a/git-mktree.html b/git-mktree.html index 2aa6e0480..1bb98f72d 100644 --- a/git-mktree.html +++ b/git-mktree.html @@ -811,7 +811,7 @@ built is written to the standard output.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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diff --git a/git-multi-pack-index.html b/git-multi-pack-index.html index 8e0a906df..db7631bb8 100644 --- a/git-multi-pack-index.html +++ b/git-multi-pack-index.html @@ -958,7 +958,7 @@ multi-pack-index feature and its file format.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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- 2022-10-11 06:40:17 JST
+ 2022-10-10 14:40:17 PDT
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diff --git a/git-mv.html b/git-mv.html index ced14c8b3..e928ca73e 100644 --- a/git-mv.html +++ b/git-mv.html @@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ been implemented.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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diff --git a/git-name-rev.html b/git-name-rev.html index 9f83873af..74e35afab 100644 --- a/git-name-rev.html +++ b/git-name-rev.html @@ -903,7 +903,7 @@ not the context.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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diff --git a/git-notes.html b/git-notes.html index 689a7b6f9..849ec4c76 100644 --- a/git-notes.html +++ b/git-notes.html @@ -1396,7 +1396,7 @@ on the <code>notes.rewrite.<command></code> and <code>notes.rewriteRef</co <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-08-18 09:18:11 JST
+ 2023-08-17 17:18:11 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-p4.html b/git-p4.html index ee0d4df6e..ed16cfbd7 100644 --- a/git-p4.html +++ b/git-p4.html @@ -1974,7 +1974,7 @@ Each commit imported by <em>git p4</em> has a line at the end of the log <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-05-21 09:49:41 JST
+ 2022-05-20 17:49:41 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-pack-objects.html b/git-pack-objects.html index 5b737819a..f5cc212ff 100644 --- a/git-pack-objects.html +++ b/git-pack-objects.html @@ -1388,7 +1388,7 @@ attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-11 03:55:22 JST
+ 2023-10-10 11:55:22 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-pack-redundant.html b/git-pack-redundant.html index e0002ac5d..92bfb27ba 100644 --- a/git-pack-redundant.html +++ b/git-pack-redundant.html @@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ git pack-redundant --all | xargs rm</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-04-07 05:56:57 JST
+ 2023-04-06 13:56:57 PDT
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diff --git a/git-pack-refs.html b/git-pack-refs.html index d403b921b..851b6de27 100644 --- a/git-pack-refs.html +++ b/git-pack-refs.html @@ -860,7 +860,7 @@ exists" when it means "branch <branch> exists".</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-06-14 05:57:42 JST
+ 2023-06-13 13:57:42 PDT
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diff --git a/git-patch-id.html b/git-patch-id.html index 47b008913..2ce031a5b 100644 --- a/git-patch-id.html +++ b/git-patch-id.html @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ All whitespace within the patch is ignored and does not affect the id. <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-11-05 13:49:36 JST
+ 2022-11-04 21:49:36 PDT
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diff --git a/git-prune-packed.html b/git-prune-packed.html index eca33d4b5..3726c82db 100644 --- a/git-prune-packed.html +++ b/git-prune-packed.html @@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ disk storage, etc.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-prune.html b/git-prune.html index 81142d2c8..cdc99c623 100644 --- a/git-prune.html +++ b/git-prune.html @@ -884,7 +884,7 @@ many other housekeeping tasks.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
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+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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diff --git a/git-pull.html b/git-pull.html index 5e8b36c77..c32ec00f8 100644 --- a/git-pull.html +++ b/git-pull.html @@ -2314,7 +2314,7 @@ version.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2021-10-19 09:00:13 JST
+ 2021-10-18 17:00:13 PDT
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</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-push.html b/git-push.html index fa0be5f05..1aeffea37 100644 --- a/git-push.html +++ b/git-push.html @@ -2181,7 +2181,7 @@ push.useBitmaps <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-quiltimport.html b/git-quiltimport.html index 0b629e6f7..ea022dc54 100644 --- a/git-quiltimport.html +++ b/git-quiltimport.html @@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ variable.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
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</body>
diff --git a/git-range-diff.html b/git-range-diff.html index 2a75d031f..47321c984 100644 --- a/git-range-diff.html +++ b/git-range-diff.html @@ -1085,7 +1085,7 @@ found in this case will look like this:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-read-tree.html b/git-read-tree.html index 1bbe705c6..1968d7e86 100644 --- a/git-read-tree.html +++ b/git-read-tree.html @@ -1294,7 +1294,7 @@ support.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
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</body>
diff --git a/git-rebase.html b/git-rebase.html index a3a44f0e5..dc91f9f38 100644 --- a/git-rebase.html +++ b/git-rebase.html @@ -1545,21 +1545,25 @@ without an explicit <code>--interactive</code>.</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- When the commit log message begins with "squash! …" or "fixup! …"
- or "amend! …", and there is already a commit in the todo list that
- matches the same <code>...</code>, automatically modify the todo list of
- <code>rebase -i</code>, so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after
- the commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved commit
- from <code>pick</code> to <code>squash</code> or <code>fixup</code> or <code>fixup -C</code> respectively. A commit
- matches the <code>...</code> if the commit subject matches, or if the <code>...</code> refers
- to the commit’s hash. As a fall-back, partial matches of the commit
- subject work, too. The recommended way to create fixup/amend/squash
- commits is by using the <code>--fixup</code>, <code>--fixup=amend:</code> or <code>--fixup=reword:</code>
- and <code>--squash</code> options respectively of <a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>.
-</p>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If the <code>--autosquash</code> option is enabled by default using the
-configuration variable <code>rebase.autoSquash</code>, this option can be
-used to override and disable this setting.</p></div>
+ Automatically squash commits with specially formatted messages into
+ previous commits being rebased. If a commit message starts with
+ "squash! ", "fixup! " or "amend! ", the remainder of the subject line
+ is taken as a commit specifier, which matches a previous commit if it
+ matches the subject line or the hash of that commit. If no commit
+ matches fully, matches of the specifier with the start of commit
+ subjects are considered.
+</p>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the rebase todo list, the actions of squash, fixup and amend commits are
+changed from <code>pick</code> to <code>squash</code>, <code>fixup</code> or <code>fixup -C</code>, respectively, and they
+are moved right after the commit they modify. The <code>--interactive</code> option can
+be used to review and edit the todo list before proceeding.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The recommended way to create commits with squash markers is by using the
+<code>--squash</code>, <code>--fixup</code>, <code>--fixup=amend:</code> or <code>--fixup=reword:</code> options of
+<a href="git-commit.html">git-commit(1)</a>, which take the target commit as an argument and
+automatically fill in the subject line of the new commit from that.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Settting configuration variable <code>rebase.autoSquash</code> to true enables
+auto-squashing by default for interactive rebase. The <code>--no-autosquash</code>
+option can be used to override that setting.</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -2659,7 +2663,9 @@ rebase.autoSquash </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- If set to true enable <code>--autosquash</code> option by default.
+ If set to true, enable the <code>--autosquash</code> option of
+ <a href="git-rebase.html">git-rebase(1)</a> by default for interactive mode.
+ This can be overridden with the <code>--no-autosquash</code> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -2803,7 +2809,7 @@ sequence.editor <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-11-07 12:13:08 JST
+ 2023-12-09 17:40:53 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-rebase.txt b/git-rebase.txt index b4526ca24..1dd6555f6 100644 --- a/git-rebase.txt +++ b/git-rebase.txt @@ -589,21 +589,27 @@ See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. --autosquash:: --no-autosquash:: - When the commit log message begins with "squash! ..." or "fixup! ..." - or "amend! ...", and there is already a commit in the todo list that - matches the same `...`, automatically modify the todo list of - `rebase -i`, so that the commit marked for squashing comes right after - the commit to be modified, and change the action of the moved commit - from `pick` to `squash` or `fixup` or `fixup -C` respectively. A commit - matches the `...` if the commit subject matches, or if the `...` refers - to the commit's hash. As a fall-back, partial matches of the commit - subject work, too. The recommended way to create fixup/amend/squash - commits is by using the `--fixup`, `--fixup=amend:` or `--fixup=reword:` - and `--squash` options respectively of linkgit:git-commit[1]. + Automatically squash commits with specially formatted messages into + previous commits being rebased. If a commit message starts with + "squash! ", "fixup! " or "amend! ", the remainder of the subject line + is taken as a commit specifier, which matches a previous commit if it + matches the subject line or the hash of that commit. If no commit + matches fully, matches of the specifier with the start of commit + subjects are considered. + -If the `--autosquash` option is enabled by default using the -configuration variable `rebase.autoSquash`, this option can be -used to override and disable this setting. +In the rebase todo list, the actions of squash, fixup and amend commits are +changed from `pick` to `squash`, `fixup` or `fixup -C`, respectively, and they +are moved right after the commit they modify. The `--interactive` option can +be used to review and edit the todo list before proceeding. ++ +The recommended way to create commits with squash markers is by using the +`--squash`, `--fixup`, `--fixup=amend:` or `--fixup=reword:` options of +linkgit:git-commit[1], which take the target commit as an argument and +automatically fill in the subject line of the new commit from that. ++ +Settting configuration variable `rebase.autoSquash` to true enables +auto-squashing by default for interactive rebase. The `--no-autosquash` +option can be used to override that setting. + See also INCOMPATIBLE OPTIONS below. diff --git a/git-receive-pack.html b/git-receive-pack.html index 69620116b..25bc415f1 100644 --- a/git-receive-pack.html +++ b/git-receive-pack.html @@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ The <code>pre-receive</code> hook MUST NOT update any refs to point to <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-reflog.html b/git-reflog.html index 82cafdf9a..a6265b239 100644 --- a/git-reflog.html +++ b/git-reflog.html @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ used with <code>expire</code>.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-remote-ext.html b/git-remote-ext.html index ad6862a75..7c6850d48 100644 --- a/git-remote-ext.html +++ b/git-remote-ext.html @@ -963,7 +963,7 @@ begins with <code>ext::</code>. Examples:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-remote-fd.html b/git-remote-fd.html index e95aa67fc..3bfe8eca3 100644 --- a/git-remote-fd.html +++ b/git-remote-fd.html @@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ GIT_TRANSLOOP_DEBUG <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html index bb9430815..4ee301748 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.html +++ b/git-remote-helpers.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -751,7 +751,7 @@ link you clicked to get here.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-remote.html b/git-remote.html index dc22f9c8a..9f04749ff 100644 --- a/git-remote.html +++ b/git-remote.html @@ -1057,7 +1057,7 @@ $ git merge origin</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-05-27 08:11:01 JST
+ 2022-05-26 16:11:01 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-repack.html b/git-repack.html index 6f3f08baf..ff848c396 100644 --- a/git-repack.html +++ b/git-repack.html @@ -1169,7 +1169,7 @@ attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-replace.html b/git-replace.html index e4a53890b..a61a62620 100644 --- a/git-replace.html +++ b/git-replace.html @@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ pending objects.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-request-pull.html b/git-request-pull.html index 7b116a7f0..058ee0c84 100644 --- a/git-request-pull.html +++ b/git-request-pull.html @@ -855,7 +855,7 @@ the one you have locally, e.g.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-rerere.html b/git-rerere.html index bd49b4712..335515835 100644 --- a/git-rerere.html +++ b/git-rerere.html @@ -990,7 +990,7 @@ setting in <a href="gitattributes.html">gitattributes(5)</a> can be used.</p></d <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-29 03:53:56 JST
+ 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-reset.html b/git-reset.html index fb99c427b..0dfcc3530 100644 --- a/git-reset.html +++ b/git-reset.html @@ -1507,7 +1507,7 @@ entries:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-01-22 10:52:14 JST
+ 2023-01-21 17:52:14 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-restore.html b/git-restore.html index b9ef32fe0..04efbff66 100644 --- a/git-restore.html +++ b/git-restore.html @@ -1077,7 +1077,7 @@ as using <a href="git-checkout.html">git-checkout(1)</a>)</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-rev-list.html b/git-rev-list.html index 51789a417..6d5a95367 100644 --- a/git-rev-list.html +++ b/git-rev-list.html @@ -3770,7 +3770,7 @@ Compare the on-disk size of branches in one group of refs, excluding <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-rev-parse.html b/git-rev-parse.html index 6aca71679..01238dcc4 100644 --- a/git-rev-parse.html +++ b/git-rev-parse.html @@ -2151,7 +2151,7 @@ Similar to above: <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-revert.html b/git-revert.html index 842cfa289..ad8b3d8de 100644 --- a/git-revert.html +++ b/git-revert.html @@ -1070,7 +1070,7 @@ revert.reference <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-15 03:18:26 JST
+ 2023-09-14 11:18:26 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-rm.html b/git-rm.html index 6b07f8688..ac15f874b 100644 --- a/git-rm.html +++ b/git-rm.html @@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ obsolete when recursive submodule update has been implemented.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-send-email.html b/git-send-email.html index 05ab8cc50..c32eabb54 100644 --- a/git-send-email.html +++ b/git-send-email.html @@ -1834,7 +1834,7 @@ Authen::SASL and Mail::Address.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-30 08:42:00 JST
+ 2023-10-29 16:42:00 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-send-pack.html b/git-send-pack.html index e220938b6..7fe9e63d2 100644 --- a/git-send-pack.html +++ b/git-send-pack.html @@ -994,7 +994,7 @@ to disable the fast-forward check only on that ref.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html b/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html index a5b9dc097..1aefa501c 100644 --- a/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html +++ b/git-sh-i18n--envsubst.html @@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ of Git. Don’t use it.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-sh-i18n.html b/git-sh-i18n.html index 80a63de30..b66da6e91 100644 --- a/git-sh-i18n.html +++ b/git-sh-i18n.html @@ -807,7 +807,7 @@ eval_gettext <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-sh-setup.html b/git-sh-setup.html index 4d5cb1d74..5ebb9ea7a 100644 --- a/git-sh-setup.html +++ b/git-sh-setup.html @@ -902,7 +902,7 @@ create_virtual_base <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
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diff --git a/gitformat-chunk.html b/gitformat-chunk.html index 2a08dad27..99740ceac 100644 --- a/gitformat-chunk.html +++ b/gitformat-chunk.html @@ -888,7 +888,7 @@ for future formats:</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitglossary.html b/gitglossary.html index edda6d94a..39a2fdd3e 100644 --- a/gitglossary.html +++ b/gitglossary.html @@ -2001,7 +2001,7 @@ The most notable example is <code>HEAD</code>.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/githooks.html b/githooks.html index 9ec0b2072..6d1777df2 100644 --- a/githooks.html +++ b/githooks.html @@ -1442,7 +1442,7 @@ running passing "1", "1" should not be possible.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitmailmap.html b/gitmailmap.html index 21e042161..0e095185a 100644 --- a/gitmailmap.html +++ b/gitmailmap.html @@ -892,7 +892,7 @@ Jane Doe <jane@example.com> Jane <bugs@example.com></code></pre> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitnamespaces.html b/gitnamespaces.html index df10c2142..5f21d87da 100644 --- a/gitnamespaces.html +++ b/gitnamespaces.html @@ -850,7 +850,7 @@ As in #1, the attacker chooses an object ID X to steal. The victim sends <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitprotocol-pack.html b/gitprotocol-pack.html index 72ebc4172..dc70204f4 100644 --- a/gitprotocol-pack.html +++ b/gitprotocol-pack.html @@ -1494,7 +1494,7 @@ can be rejected.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitprotocol-v2.html b/gitprotocol-v2.html index 69d06f3d2..7080f39a2 100644 --- a/gitprotocol-v2.html +++ b/gitprotocol-v2.html @@ -1719,7 +1719,7 @@ headers of that bundle or bundles.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitremote-helpers.html b/gitremote-helpers.html index 5181b9d62..57b295833 100644 --- a/gitremote-helpers.html +++ b/gitremote-helpers.html @@ -1537,7 +1537,7 @@ the remote side using that algorithm.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitrepository-layout.html b/gitrepository-layout.html index 17b40f6b2..1fe37233d 100644 --- a/gitrepository-layout.html +++ b/gitrepository-layout.html @@ -1372,7 +1372,7 @@ GIT_COMMON_DIR/worktrees/<id>/config.worktree)</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitrevisions.html b/gitrevisions.html index cc63fe392..764b805a7 100644 --- a/gitrevisions.html +++ b/gitrevisions.html @@ -1417,7 +1417,7 @@ spelt out:</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitsubmodules.html b/gitsubmodules.html index 853f320bd..f125266d3 100644 --- a/gitsubmodules.html +++ b/gitsubmodules.html @@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ affects other Git commands, see <a href="git-config.html">git-config(1)</a> for <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gittutorial-2.html b/gittutorial-2.html index 3f6717bad..4be9cc51e 100644 --- a/gittutorial-2.html +++ b/gittutorial-2.html @@ -1171,7 +1171,7 @@ example, creating a new commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gittutorial.html b/gittutorial.html index 3eadf0512..78b57f99a 100644 --- a/gittutorial.html +++ b/gittutorial.html @@ -1374,7 +1374,7 @@ digressions that may be interesting at this point are:</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitweb.conf.html b/gitweb.conf.html index cb5bd4fba..9369a341b 100644 --- a/gitweb.conf.html +++ b/gitweb.conf.html @@ -2015,7 +2015,7 @@ gitweb_config.perl <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitweb.html b/gitweb.html index 044ac94f6..d9c01c75c 100644 --- a/gitweb.html +++ b/gitweb.html @@ -1642,7 +1642,7 @@ putting "gitweb" in the subject of email.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/gitworkflows.html b/gitworkflows.html index e68de91f5..4c63bc675 100644 --- a/gitworkflows.html +++ b/gitworkflows.html @@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ other options.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html index d573020c3..85f1a789d 100644 --- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html +++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ Thanks, <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html index e19d73455..ed65deed1 100644 --- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html +++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
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@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ tip of your <em>master</em> again and redo the two merges:</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html index ec35401f3..78775397a 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.html +++ b/howto/maintain-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic</code></pre> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html index 9bafae85b..84f8bbc27 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.html +++ b/howto/new-command.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html index 35c41f9c2..318e7d2ce 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html index fc3ee9e24..b4ac28e4f 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html index c3c0eed7b..4b0278004 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html index 6a38ae43e..286590845 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html index 5e2e36ea6..3d5bc8abd 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html index 62f7e16c1..b530fd2af 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html index 5e88f25a9..f6fd68cda 100644 --- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html +++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html index a29b67764..5c4cd343f 100644 --- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html +++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/update-hook-example.html b/howto/update-hook-example.html index 898b00560..a677b8772 100644 --- a/howto/update-hook-example.html +++ b/howto/update-hook-example.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.html b/howto/use-git-daemon.html index 33bfe6ca9..bc92e5638 100644 --- a/howto/use-git-daemon.html +++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use git-daemon</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html index 1c0a90440..109815475 100644 --- a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html +++ b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the subtree merge strategy</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html index 1fb56b951..b5743ec25 100644 --- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html +++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use a signed tag in pull requests</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/scalar.html b/scalar.html index b39c140de..36729baf6 100644 --- a/scalar.html +++ b/scalar.html @@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ delete <enlistment> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/technical/api-error-handling.html b/technical/api-error-handling.html index 4a573f5ce..95f34ee7c 100644 --- a/technical/api-error-handling.html +++ b/technical/api-error-handling.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Error reporting in git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
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@@ -879,7 +879,7 @@ a message, pass a strbuf that is explicitly ignored:</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/technical/api-index.html b/technical/api-index.html index 1c1267c47..8ced06053 100644 --- a/technical/api-index.html +++ b/technical/api-index.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git API Documents</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ documents them.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/technical/api-merge.html b/technical/api-merge.html index ed4d6e97e..eb1fc7628 100644 --- a/technical/api-merge.html +++ b/technical/api-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>merge API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
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@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ and <code>diff.c</code> for examples.</p></div> <div id="footer">
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diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.html b/technical/api-parse-options.html index 9a6dd4386..c11b77419 100644 --- a/technical/api-parse-options.html +++ b/technical/api-parse-options.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>parse-options API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html index abbb70092..ffedaac8d 100644 --- a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html +++ b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Simple-IPC API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/technical/api-trace2.html b/technical/api-trace2.html index 9b095205b..aa7511234 100644 --- a/technical/api-trace2.html +++ b/technical/api-trace2.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Trace2 API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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diff --git a/technical/bitmap-format.html b/technical/bitmap-format.html index d3a461857..56ef54fe7 100644 --- a/technical/bitmap-format.html +++ b/technical/bitmap-format.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>GIT bitmap v1 format</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
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<div class="sect1">
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diff --git a/technical/bundle-uri.html b/technical/bundle-uri.html index 796804290..db8d5f1cf 100644 --- a/technical/bundle-uri.html +++ b/technical/bundle-uri.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Bundle URIs</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
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<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1464,7 +1464,7 @@ would cause these on-demand downloads to be too aggressive.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-02-23 08:29:29 JST
+ 2023-02-22 15:29:29 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/hash-function-transition.html b/technical/hash-function-transition.html index 3246fe9d5..1c1541a23 100644 --- a/technical/hash-function-transition.html +++ b/technical/hash-function-transition.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git hash function transition</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ See the history of this file in git.git for the history of subsequent <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-01-31 07:44:53 JST
+ 2023-01-30 14:44:53 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html index 7529f956b..dc77d3697 100644 --- a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html +++ b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Long-running process protocol</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -796,7 +796,7 @@ process has stopped.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-08-19 06:11:07 JST
+ 2022-08-18 14:11:07 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/multi-pack-index.html b/technical/multi-pack-index.html index 05b75b8a6..66e4c80e0 100644 --- a/technical/multi-pack-index.html +++ b/technical/multi-pack-index.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -913,7 +913,7 @@ Packfiles can be marked as "special" using empty files that share <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-02-17 10:29:08 JST
+ 2022-02-16 17:29:08 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/pack-heuristics.html b/technical/pack-heuristics.html index c1abfaba3..8a19c9602 100644 --- a/technical/pack-heuristics.html +++ b/technical/pack-heuristics.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Concerning Git’s Packing Heuristics</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1344,7 +1344,7 @@ so obvious that they never go anywhere.</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/parallel-checkout.html b/technical/parallel-checkout.html index 564e4fede..8c84be746 100644 --- a/technical/parallel-checkout.html +++ b/technical/parallel-checkout.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Parallel Checkout Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ err |= run_parallel_checkout(&state, pc_workers, pc_threshold, NULL, NULL);< <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/partial-clone.html b/technical/partial-clone.html index 22b779b62..39dc073bf 100644 --- a/technical/partial-clone.html +++ b/technical/partial-clone.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Partial Clone Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ type of packfile that references it.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/racy-git.html b/technical/racy-git.html index 88ffb00e5..ca4b7a00d 100644 --- a/technical/racy-git.html +++ b/technical/racy-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Use of index and Racy Git problem</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ practice anymore. This was done with commit 0fc82cff on Aug 15, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/reftable.html b/technical/reftable.html index 0b6e6315d..d226a686c 100644 --- a/technical/reftable.html +++ b/technical/reftable.html @@ -2056,7 +2056,7 @@ impossible.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-24 06:43:46 JST
+ 2023-10-23 14:43:46 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/scalar.html b/technical/scalar.html index 8a4c6101b..0bd4bb2bf 100644 --- a/technical/scalar.html +++ b/technical/scalar.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Scalar</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ built and installed as its own executable in the <code>bin/</code> directory, al <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-09-20 07:03:44 JST
+ 2022-09-19 15:03:44 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html b/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html index 63b752807..d4bb0d611 100644 --- a/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html +++ b/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git-send-pack internals</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -828,7 +828,7 @@ closes the reading side of the pipe and fd to receive-pack.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/shallow.html b/technical/shallow.html index 9de5814d9..7e79cf3ed 100644 --- a/technical/shallow.html +++ b/technical/shallow.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Shallow commits</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -814,7 +814,7 @@ number a signed 32-bit integer can contain) means infinite depth.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-08-20 14:10:31 JST
+ 2020-08-19 22:10:31 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/trivial-merge.html b/technical/trivial-merge.html index 402496a1a..657ca4470 100644 --- a/technical/trivial-merge.html +++ b/technical/trivial-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Trivial merge rules</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-11-20</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -857,7 +857,7 @@ the automatic merge will generally give this effect.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2020-03-11 07:02:33 JST
+ 2020-03-10 15:02:33 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/unit-tests.html b/technical/unit-tests.html new file mode 100644 index 000000000..45a9cd45a --- /dev/null +++ b/technical/unit-tests.html @@ -0,0 +1,1216 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="application/xhtml+xml; charset=UTF-8" />
+<meta name="generator" content="AsciiDoc 10.2.0" />
+<title>Unit Testing</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+/* Shared CSS for AsciiDoc xhtml11 and html5 backends */
+
+/* Default font. */
+body {
+ font-family: Georgia,serif;
+}
+
+/* Title font. */
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6,
+div.title, caption.title,
+thead, p.table.header,
+#toctitle,
+#author, #revnumber, #revdate, #revremark,
+#footer {
+ font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
+}
+
+body {
+ margin: 1em 5% 1em 5%;
+}
+
+a {
+ color: blue;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+}
+a:visited {
+ color: fuchsia;
+}
+
+em {
+ font-style: italic;
+ color: navy;
+}
+
+strong {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #083194;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+ color: #527bbd;
+ margin-top: 1.2em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+ line-height: 1.3;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3 {
+ border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
+}
+h2 {
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+}
+h3 {
+ float: left;
+}
+h3 + * {
+ clear: left;
+}
+h5 {
+ font-size: 1.0em;
+}
+
+div.sectionbody {
+ margin-left: 0;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: 1px solid silver;
+}
+
+p {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+ul, ol, li > p {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+ul > li { color: #aaa; }
+ul > li > * { color: black; }
+
+.monospaced, code, pre {
+ font-family: "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
+ font-size: inherit;
+ color: navy;
+ padding: 0;
+ margin: 0;
+}
+pre {
+ white-space: pre-wrap;
+}
+
+#author {
+ color: #527bbd;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ font-size: 1.1em;
+}
+#email {
+}
+#revnumber, #revdate, #revremark {
+}
+
+#footer {
+ font-size: small;
+ border-top: 2px solid silver;
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-top: 4.0em;
+}
+#footer-text {
+ float: left;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+#footer-badges {
+ float: right;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+
+#preamble {
+ margin-top: 1.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+div.imageblock, div.exampleblock, div.verseblock,
+div.quoteblock, div.literalblock, div.listingblock, div.sidebarblock,
+div.admonitionblock {
+ margin-top: 1.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+div.admonitionblock {
+ margin-top: 2.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 2.0em;
+ margin-right: 10%;
+ color: #606060;
+}
+
+div.content { /* Block element content. */
+ padding: 0;
+}
+
+/* Block element titles. */
+div.title, caption.title {
+ color: #527bbd;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-align: left;
+ margin-top: 1.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.5em;
+}
+div.title + * {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+td div.title:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0.0em;
+}
+div.content div.title:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0.0em;
+}
+div.content + div.title {
+ margin-top: 0.0em;
+}
+
+div.sidebarblock > div.content {
+ background: #ffffee;
+ border: 1px solid #dddddd;
+ border-left: 4px solid #f0f0f0;
+ padding: 0.5em;
+}
+
+div.listingblock > div.content {
+ border: 1px solid #dddddd;
+ border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
+ background: #f8f8f8;
+ padding: 0.5em;
+}
+
+div.quoteblock, div.verseblock {
+ padding-left: 1.0em;
+ margin-left: 1.0em;
+ margin-right: 10%;
+ border-left: 5px solid #f0f0f0;
+ color: #888;
+}
+
+div.quoteblock > div.attribution {
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+div.verseblock > pre.content {
+ font-family: inherit;
+ font-size: inherit;
+}
+div.verseblock > div.attribution {
+ padding-top: 0.75em;
+ text-align: left;
+}
+/* DEPRECATED: Pre version 8.2.7 verse style literal block. */
+div.verseblock + div.attribution {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+
+div.admonitionblock .icon {
+ vertical-align: top;
+ font-size: 1.1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ text-decoration: underline;
+ color: #527bbd;
+ padding-right: 0.5em;
+}
+div.admonitionblock td.content {
+ padding-left: 0.5em;
+ border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
+}
+
+div.exampleblock > div.content {
+ border-left: 3px solid #dddddd;
+ padding-left: 0.5em;
+}
+
+div.imageblock div.content { padding-left: 0; }
+span.image img { border-style: none; vertical-align: text-bottom; }
+a.image:visited { color: white; }
+
+dl {
+ margin-top: 0.8em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.8em;
+}
+dt {
+ margin-top: 0.5em;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+ font-style: normal;
+ color: navy;
+}
+dd > *:first-child {
+ margin-top: 0.1em;
+}
+
+ul, ol {
+ list-style-position: outside;
+}
+ol.arabic {
+ list-style-type: decimal;
+}
+ol.loweralpha {
+ list-style-type: lower-alpha;
+}
+ol.upperalpha {
+ list-style-type: upper-alpha;
+}
+ol.lowerroman {
+ list-style-type: lower-roman;
+}
+ol.upperroman {
+ list-style-type: upper-roman;
+}
+
+div.compact ul, div.compact ol,
+div.compact p, div.compact p,
+div.compact div, div.compact div {
+ margin-top: 0.1em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.1em;
+}
+
+tfoot {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+td > div.verse {
+ white-space: pre;
+}
+
+div.hdlist {
+ margin-top: 0.8em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.8em;
+}
+div.hdlist tr {
+ padding-bottom: 15px;
+}
+dt.hdlist1.strong, td.hdlist1.strong {
+ font-weight: bold;
+}
+td.hdlist1 {
+ vertical-align: top;
+ font-style: normal;
+ padding-right: 0.8em;
+ color: navy;
+}
+td.hdlist2 {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+div.hdlist.compact tr {
+ margin: 0;
+ padding-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+.comment {
+ background: yellow;
+}
+
+.footnote, .footnoteref {
+ font-size: 0.8em;
+}
+
+span.footnote, span.footnoteref {
+ vertical-align: super;
+}
+
+#footnotes {
+ margin: 20px 0 20px 0;
+ padding: 7px 0 0 0;
+}
+
+#footnotes div.footnote {
+ margin: 0 0 5px 0;
+}
+
+#footnotes hr {
+ border: none;
+ border-top: 1px solid silver;
+ height: 1px;
+ text-align: left;
+ margin-left: 0;
+ width: 20%;
+ min-width: 100px;
+}
+
+div.colist td {
+ padding-right: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.3em;
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+div.colist td img {
+ margin-top: 0.3em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ #footer-badges { display: none; }
+}
+
+#toc {
+ margin-bottom: 2.5em;
+}
+
+#toctitle {
+ color: #527bbd;
+ font-size: 1.1em;
+ font-weight: bold;
+ margin-top: 1.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 0.1em;
+}
+
+div.toclevel0, div.toclevel1, div.toclevel2, div.toclevel3, div.toclevel4 {
+ margin-top: 0;
+ margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+div.toclevel2 {
+ margin-left: 2em;
+ font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+div.toclevel3 {
+ margin-left: 4em;
+ font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+div.toclevel4 {
+ margin-left: 6em;
+ font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+span.aqua { color: aqua; }
+span.black { color: black; }
+span.blue { color: blue; }
+span.fuchsia { color: fuchsia; }
+span.gray { color: gray; }
+span.green { color: green; }
+span.lime { color: lime; }
+span.maroon { color: maroon; }
+span.navy { color: navy; }
+span.olive { color: olive; }
+span.purple { color: purple; }
+span.red { color: red; }
+span.silver { color: silver; }
+span.teal { color: teal; }
+span.white { color: white; }
+span.yellow { color: yellow; }
+
+span.aqua-background { background: aqua; }
+span.black-background { background: black; }
+span.blue-background { background: blue; }
+span.fuchsia-background { background: fuchsia; }
+span.gray-background { background: gray; }
+span.green-background { background: green; }
+span.lime-background { background: lime; }
+span.maroon-background { background: maroon; }
+span.navy-background { background: navy; }
+span.olive-background { background: olive; }
+span.purple-background { background: purple; }
+span.red-background { background: red; }
+span.silver-background { background: silver; }
+span.teal-background { background: teal; }
+span.white-background { background: white; }
+span.yellow-background { background: yellow; }
+
+span.big { font-size: 2em; }
+span.small { font-size: 0.6em; }
+
+span.underline { text-decoration: underline; }
+span.overline { text-decoration: overline; }
+span.line-through { text-decoration: line-through; }
+
+div.unbreakable { page-break-inside: avoid; }
+
+
+/*
+ * xhtml11 specific
+ *
+ * */
+
+div.tableblock {
+ margin-top: 1.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+div.tableblock > table {
+ border: 3px solid #527bbd;
+}
+thead, p.table.header {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #527bbd;
+}
+p.table {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+/* Because the table frame attribute is overridden by CSS in most browsers. */
+div.tableblock > table[frame="void"] {
+ border-style: none;
+}
+div.tableblock > table[frame="hsides"] {
+ border-left-style: none;
+ border-right-style: none;
+}
+div.tableblock > table[frame="vsides"] {
+ border-top-style: none;
+ border-bottom-style: none;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * html5 specific
+ *
+ * */
+
+table.tableblock {
+ margin-top: 1.0em;
+ margin-bottom: 1.5em;
+}
+thead, p.tableblock.header {
+ font-weight: bold;
+ color: #527bbd;
+}
+p.tableblock {
+ margin-top: 0;
+}
+table.tableblock {
+ border-width: 3px;
+ border-spacing: 0px;
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-color: #527bbd;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+th.tableblock, td.tableblock {
+ border-width: 1px;
+ padding: 4px;
+ border-style: solid;
+ border-color: #527bbd;
+}
+
+table.tableblock.frame-topbot {
+ border-left-style: hidden;
+ border-right-style: hidden;
+}
+table.tableblock.frame-sides {
+ border-top-style: hidden;
+ border-bottom-style: hidden;
+}
+table.tableblock.frame-none {
+ border-style: hidden;
+}
+
+th.tableblock.halign-left, td.tableblock.halign-left {
+ text-align: left;
+}
+th.tableblock.halign-center, td.tableblock.halign-center {
+ text-align: center;
+}
+th.tableblock.halign-right, td.tableblock.halign-right {
+ text-align: right;
+}
+
+th.tableblock.valign-top, td.tableblock.valign-top {
+ vertical-align: top;
+}
+th.tableblock.valign-middle, td.tableblock.valign-middle {
+ vertical-align: middle;
+}
+th.tableblock.valign-bottom, td.tableblock.valign-bottom {
+ vertical-align: bottom;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * manpage specific
+ *
+ * */
+
+body.manpage h1 {
+ padding-top: 0.5em;
+ padding-bottom: 0.5em;
+ border-top: 2px solid silver;
+ border-bottom: 2px solid silver;
+}
+body.manpage h2 {
+ border-style: none;
+}
+body.manpage div.sectionbody {
+ margin-left: 3em;
+}
+
+@media print {
+ body.manpage div#toc { display: none; }
+}
+
+
+</style>
+<script type="text/javascript">
+/*<+'])');
+ // Function that scans the DOM tree for header elements (the DOM2
+ // nodeIterator API would be a better technique but not supported by all
+ // browsers).
+ var iterate = function (el) {
+ for (var i = el.firstChild; i != null; i = i.nextSibling) {
+ if (i.nodeType == 1 /* Node.ELEMENT_NODE */) {
+ var mo = re.exec(i.tagName);
+ if (mo && (i.getAttribute("class") || i.getAttribute("className")) != "float") {
+ result[result.length] = new TocEntry(i, getText(i), mo[1]-1);
+ }
+ iterate(i);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ iterate(el);
+ return result;
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+<body class="article">
+<div id="header">
+<h1>Unit Testing</h1>
+<span id="revdate">2023-12-09</span>
+</div>
+<div id="content">
+<div id="preamble">
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In our current testing environment, we spend a significant amount of effort
+crafting end-to-end tests for error conditions that could easily be captured by
+unit tests (or we simply forgo some hard-to-setup and rare error conditions).
+Unit tests additionally provide stability to the codebase and can simplify
+debugging through isolation. Writing unit tests in pure C, rather than with our
+current shell/test-tool helper setup, simplifies test setup, simplifies passing
+data around (no shell-isms required), and reduces testing runtime by not
+spawning a separate process for every test invocation.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We believe that a large body of unit tests, living alongside the existing test
+suite, will improve code quality for the Git project.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_definitions">Definitions</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>For the purposes of this document, we’ll use <strong>test framework</strong> to refer to
+projects that support writing test cases and running tests within the context
+of a single executable. <strong>Test harness</strong> will refer to projects that manage
+running multiple executables (each of which may contain multiple test cases) and
+aggregating their results.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In reality, these terms are not strictly defined, and many of the projects
+discussed below contain features from both categories.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>For now, we will evaluate projects solely on their framework features. Since we
+are relying on having TAP output (see below), we can assume that any framework
+can be made to work with a harness that we can choose later.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_summary">Summary</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We believe the best way forward is to implement a custom TAP framework for the
+Git project. We use a version of the framework originally proposed in
+<a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/">1</a>.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>See the <a href="#framework-selection">Framework Selection</a> section below for the
+rationale behind this decision.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_choosing_a_test_harness">Choosing a test harness</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>During upstream discussion, it was occasionally noted that <code>prove</code> provides many
+convenient features, such as scheduling slower tests first, or re-running
+previously failed tests.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>While we already support the use of <code>prove</code> as a test harness for the shell
+tests, it is not strictly required. The t/Makefile allows running shell tests
+directly (though with interleaved output if parallelism is enabled). Git
+developers who wish to use <code>prove</code> as a more advanced harness can do so by
+setting DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove in their config.mak.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We will follow a similar approach for unit tests: by default the test
+executables will be run directly from the t/Makefile, but <code>prove</code> can be
+configured with DEFAULT_UNIT_TEST_TARGET=prove.</p></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="framework-selection">Framework selection</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="paragraph"><p>There are a variety of features we can use to rank the candidate frameworks, and
+those features have different priorities:</p></div>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Critical features: we probably won’t consider a framework without these
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Can we legally / easily use the project?
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#license">License</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#major-platform-support">Major platform support</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Does the project support our bare-minimum needs?
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#tap-support">TAP support</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#runtime-skippable-tests">Runtime-skippable tests</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Nice-to-have features:
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#parallel-execution">Parallel execution</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#mock-support">Mock support</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#signal-error-handling">Signal & error-handling</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Tie-breaker stats
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#project-kloc">Project KLOC</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="#adoption">Adoption</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="license">License</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We must be able to legally use the framework in connection with Git. As Git is
+licensed only under GPLv2, we must eliminate any LGPLv3, GPLv3, or Apache 2.0
+projects.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>We want to avoid forcing Git developers to install new tools just to run unit
+tests. Any prospective frameworks and harnesses must either be vendorable
+(meaning, we can copy their source directly into Git’s repository), or so
+ubiquitous that it is reasonable to expect that most developers will have the
+tools installed already.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>It is unlikely that any pre-existing project perfectly fits our needs, so any
+project we select will need to be actively maintained and open to accepting
+changes. Alternatively, assuming we are vendoring the source into our repo, it
+must be simple enough that Git developers can feel comfortable making changes as
+needed to our version.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that the framework seems to have
+active developers, that it is simple enough that Git developers can make changes
+to it, and that the project seems open to accepting external contributions (or
+that it is vendorable). "Partial" means that at least one of the above
+conditions holds.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="major-platform-support">Major platform support</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>At a bare minimum, unit-testing must work on Linux, MacOS, and Windows.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that it works on all three major
+platforms with no issues. "Partial" means that there may be annoyances on one or
+more platforms, but it is still usable in principle.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="tap-support">TAP support</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The <a href="https://testanything.org/">Test Anything Protocol</a> is a text-based interface
+that allows tests to communicate with a test harness. It is already used by
+Git’s integration test suite. Supporting TAP output is a mandatory feature for
+any prospective test framework.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the comparison table below, "True" means this is natively supported.
+"Partial" means TAP output must be generated by post-processing the native
+output.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Frameworks that do not have at least Partial support will not be evaluated
+further.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>When a test case fails, the framework must generate enough diagnostic output to
+help developers find the appropriate test case in source code in order to debug
+the failure.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="runtime-skippable-tests">Runtime-skippable tests</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Test authors may wish to skip certain test cases based on runtime circumstances,
+so the framework should support this.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="parallel-execution">Parallel execution</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Ideally, we will build up a significant collection of unit test cases, most
+likely split across multiple executables. It will be necessary to run these
+tests in parallel to enable fast develop-test-debug cycles.</p></div>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>In the comparison table below, "True" means that individual test cases within a
+single test executable can be run in parallel. We assume that executable-level
+parallelism can be handled by the test harness.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="mock-support">Mock support</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Unit test authors may wish to test code that interacts with objects that may be
+inconvenient to handle in a test (e.g. interacting with a network service).
+Mocking allows test authors to provide a fake implementation of these objects
+for more convenient tests.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="signal-error-handling">Signal & error handling</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The test framework should fail gracefully when test cases are themselves buggy
+or when they are interrupted by signals during runtime.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="project-kloc">Project KLOC</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The size of the project, in thousands of lines of code as measured by
+<a href="https://dwheeler.com/sloccount/">sloccount</a> (rounded up to the next multiple of
+1,000). As a tie-breaker, we probably prefer a project with fewer LOC.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="adoption">Adoption</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>As a tie-breaker, we prefer a more widely-used project. We use the number of
+GitHub / GitLab stars to estimate this.</p></div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_comparison">Comparison</h3>
+<div class="tableblock">
+<table rules="all"
+width="33%"
+frame="border"
+cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<col width="4%" />
+<thead>
+<tr>
+<th align="left" valign="top">Framework</th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#license">License</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#vendorable-or-ubiquitous">Vendorable or ubiquitous</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#maintainable-extensible">Maintainable / extensible</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#major-platform-support">Major platform support</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#tap-support">TAP support</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#diagnostic-output">Diagnostic output</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#runtime--skippable-tests">Runtime- skippable tests</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#parallel-execution">Parallel execution</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#mock-support">Mock support</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#signal-error-handling">Signal & error handling</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#project-kloc">Project KLOC</a></th>
+<th align="left" valign="top"><a href="#adoption">Adoption</a></th>
+</tr>
+</thead>
+<tbody>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/">Custom Git impl.</a></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">GPL v2</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">0</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><a href="https://github.com/silentbicycle/greatest">Greatest</a></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">ISC</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">3</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1400</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><a href="https://github.com/Snaipe/Criterion">Criterion</a></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">MIT</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">19</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">1800</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><a href="https://github.com/rra/c-tap-harness/">C TAP</a></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">Expat</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">4</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">33</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><a href="https://libcheck.github.io/check/">Check</a></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">LGPL v2.1</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="yellow-background">Partial</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="red-background">False</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table"><span class="lime-background">True</span></p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">17</p></td>
+<td align="left" valign="top"><p class="table">973</p></td>
+</tr>
+</tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect2">
+<h3 id="_additional_framework_candidates">Additional framework candidates</h3>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>Several suggested frameworks have been eliminated from consideration:</p></div>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Incompatible licenses:
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/zorgnax/libtap">libtap</a> (LGPL v3)
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://cmocka.org/">cmocka</a> (Apache 2.0)
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Missing source: <a href="https://www.kindahl.net/mytap/doc/index.html">MyTap</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+No TAP support:
+</p>
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://nemequ.github.io/munit/">µnit</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/google/cmockery">cmockery</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/lpabon/cmockery2">cmockery2</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/ThrowTheSwitch/Unity">Unity</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/siu/minunit">minunit</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+<a href="https://cunit.sourceforge.net/">CUnit</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div class="sect1">
+<h2 id="_milestones">Milestones</h2>
+<div class="sectionbody">
+<div class="ulist"><ul>
+<li>
+<p>
+Add useful tests of library-like code
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Integrate with
+ <a href="https://lore.kernel.org/git/20230502211454.1673000-1-calvinwan@google.com/">stdlib
+ work</a>
+</p>
+</li>
+<li>
+<p>
+Run alongside regular <code>make test</code> target
+</p>
+</li>
+</ul></div>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>
+<div id="footnotes"><hr /></div>
+<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer-text">
+Last updated
+ 2023-12-09 17:40:53 PST
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/technical/unit-tests.txt b/technical/unit-tests.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000..206037ffb --- /dev/null +++ b/technical/unit-tests.txt @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ += Unit Testing + +In our current testing environment, we spend a significant amount of effort +crafting end-to-end tests for error conditions that could easily be captured by +unit tests (or we simply forgo some hard-to-setup and rare error conditions). +Unit tests additionally provide stability to the codebase and can simplify +debugging through isolation. Writing unit tests in pure C, rather than with our +current shell/test-tool helper setup, simplifies test setup, simplifies passing +data around (no shell-isms required), and reduces testing runtime by not +spawning a separate process for every test invocation. + +We believe that a large body of unit tests, living alongside the existing test +suite, will improve code quality for the Git project. + +== Definitions + +For the purposes of this document, we'll use *test framework* to refer to +projects that support writing test cases and running tests within the context +of a single executable. *Test harness* will refer to projects that manage +running multiple executables (each of which may contain multiple test cases) and +aggregating their results. + +In reality, these terms are not strictly defined, and many of the projects +discussed below contain features from both categories. + +For now, we will evaluate projects solely on their framework features. Since we +are relying on having TAP output (see below), we can assume that any framework +can be made to work with a harness that we can choose later. + + +== Summary + +We believe the best way forward is to implement a custom TAP framework for the +Git project. We use a version of the framework originally proposed in +https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/[1]. + +See the <<framework-selection,Framework Selection>> section below for the +rationale behind this decision. + + +== Choosing a test harness + +During upstream discussion, it was occasionally noted that `prove` provides many +convenient features, such as scheduling slower tests first, or re-running +previously failed tests. + +While we already support the use of `prove` as a test harness for the shell +tests, it is not strictly required. The t/Makefile allows running shell tests +directly (though with interleaved output if parallelism is enabled). Git +developers who wish to use `prove` as a more advanced harness can do so by +setting DEFAULT_TEST_TARGET=prove in their config.mak. + +We will follow a similar approach for unit tests: by default the test +executables will be run directly from the t/Makefile, but `prove` can be +configured with DEFAULT_UNIT_TEST_TARGET=prove. + + +[[framework-selection]] +== Framework selection + +There are a variety of features we can use to rank the candidate frameworks, and +those features have different priorities: + +* Critical features: we probably won't consider a framework without these +** Can we legally / easily use the project? +*** <<license,License>> +*** <<vendorable-or-ubiquitous,Vendorable or ubiquitous>> +*** <<maintainable-extensible,Maintainable / extensible>> +*** <<major-platform-support,Major platform support>> +** Does the project support our bare-minimum needs? +*** <<tap-support,TAP support>> +*** <<diagnostic-output,Diagnostic output>> +*** <<runtime-skippable-tests,Runtime-skippable tests>> +* Nice-to-have features: +** <<parallel-execution,Parallel execution>> +** <<mock-support,Mock support>> +** <<signal-error-handling,Signal & error-handling>> +* Tie-breaker stats +** <<project-kloc,Project KLOC>> +** <<adoption,Adoption>> + +[[license]] +=== License + +We must be able to legally use the framework in connection with Git. As Git is +licensed only under GPLv2, we must eliminate any LGPLv3, GPLv3, or Apache 2.0 +projects. + +[[vendorable-or-ubiquitous]] +=== Vendorable or ubiquitous + +We want to avoid forcing Git developers to install new tools just to run unit +tests. Any prospective frameworks and harnesses must either be vendorable +(meaning, we can copy their source directly into Git's repository), or so +ubiquitous that it is reasonable to expect that most developers will have the +tools installed already. + +[[maintainable-extensible]] +=== Maintainable / extensible + +It is unlikely that any pre-existing project perfectly fits our needs, so any +project we select will need to be actively maintained and open to accepting +changes. Alternatively, assuming we are vendoring the source into our repo, it +must be simple enough that Git developers can feel comfortable making changes as +needed to our version. + +In the comparison table below, "True" means that the framework seems to have +active developers, that it is simple enough that Git developers can make changes +to it, and that the project seems open to accepting external contributions (or +that it is vendorable). "Partial" means that at least one of the above +conditions holds. + +[[major-platform-support]] +=== Major platform support + +At a bare minimum, unit-testing must work on Linux, MacOS, and Windows. + +In the comparison table below, "True" means that it works on all three major +platforms with no issues. "Partial" means that there may be annoyances on one or +more platforms, but it is still usable in principle. + +[[tap-support]] +=== TAP support + +The https://testanything.org/[Test Anything Protocol] is a text-based interface +that allows tests to communicate with a test harness. It is already used by +Git's integration test suite. Supporting TAP output is a mandatory feature for +any prospective test framework. + +In the comparison table below, "True" means this is natively supported. +"Partial" means TAP output must be generated by post-processing the native +output. + +Frameworks that do not have at least Partial support will not be evaluated +further. + +[[diagnostic-output]] +=== Diagnostic output + +When a test case fails, the framework must generate enough diagnostic output to +help developers find the appropriate test case in source code in order to debug +the failure. + +[[runtime-skippable-tests]] +=== Runtime-skippable tests + +Test authors may wish to skip certain test cases based on runtime circumstances, +so the framework should support this. + +[[parallel-execution]] +=== Parallel execution + +Ideally, we will build up a significant collection of unit test cases, most +likely split across multiple executables. It will be necessary to run these +tests in parallel to enable fast develop-test-debug cycles. + +In the comparison table below, "True" means that individual test cases within a +single test executable can be run in parallel. We assume that executable-level +parallelism can be handled by the test harness. + +[[mock-support]] +=== Mock support + +Unit test authors may wish to test code that interacts with objects that may be +inconvenient to handle in a test (e.g. interacting with a network service). +Mocking allows test authors to provide a fake implementation of these objects +for more convenient tests. + +[[signal-error-handling]] +=== Signal & error handling + +The test framework should fail gracefully when test cases are themselves buggy +or when they are interrupted by signals during runtime. + +[[project-kloc]] +=== Project KLOC + +The size of the project, in thousands of lines of code as measured by +https://dwheeler.com/sloccount/[sloccount] (rounded up to the next multiple of +1,000). As a tie-breaker, we probably prefer a project with fewer LOC. + +[[adoption]] +=== Adoption + +As a tie-breaker, we prefer a more widely-used project. We use the number of +GitHub / GitLab stars to estimate this. + + +=== Comparison + +:true: [lime-background]#True# +:false: [red-background]#False# +:partial: [yellow-background]#Partial# + +:gpl: [lime-background]#GPL v2# +:isc: [lime-background]#ISC# +:mit: [lime-background]#MIT# +:expat: [lime-background]#Expat# +:lgpl: [lime-background]#LGPL v2.1# + +:custom-impl: https://lore.kernel.org/git/c902a166-98ce-afba-93f2-ea6027557176@gmail.com/[Custom Git impl.] +:greatest: https://github.com/silentbicycle/greatest[Greatest] +:criterion: https://github.com/Snaipe/Criterion[Criterion] +:c-tap: https://github.com/rra/c-tap-harness/[C TAP] +:check: https://libcheck.github.io/check/[Check] + +[format="csv",options="header",width="33%",subs="specialcharacters,attributes,quotes,macros"] +|===== +Framework,"<<license,License>>","<<vendorable-or-ubiquitous,Vendorable or ubiquitous>>","<<maintainable-extensible,Maintainable / extensible>>","<<major-platform-support,Major platform support>>","<<tap-support,TAP support>>","<<diagnostic-output,Diagnostic output>>","<<runtime--skippable-tests,Runtime- skippable tests>>","<<parallel-execution,Parallel execution>>","<<mock-support,Mock support>>","<<signal-error-handling,Signal & error handling>>","<<project-kloc,Project KLOC>>","<<adoption,Adoption>>" +{custom-impl},{gpl},{true},{true},{true},{true},{true},{true},{false},{false},{false},1,0 +{greatest},{isc},{true},{partial},{true},{partial},{true},{true},{false},{false},{false},3,1400 +{criterion},{mit},{false},{partial},{true},{true},{true},{true},{true},{false},{true},19,1800 +{c-tap},{expat},{true},{partial},{partial},{true},{false},{true},{false},{false},{false},4,33 +{check},{lgpl},{false},{partial},{true},{true},{true},{false},{false},{false},{true},17,973 +|===== + +=== Additional framework candidates + +Several suggested frameworks have been eliminated from consideration: + +* Incompatible licenses: +** https://github.com/zorgnax/libtap[libtap] (LGPL v3) +** https://cmocka.org/[cmocka] (Apache 2.0) +* Missing source: https://www.kindahl.net/mytap/doc/index.html[MyTap] +* No TAP support: +** https://nemequ.github.io/munit/[µnit] +** https://github.com/google/cmockery[cmockery] +** https://github.com/lpabon/cmockery2[cmockery2] +** https://github.com/ThrowTheSwitch/Unity[Unity] +** https://github.com/siu/minunit[minunit] +** https://cunit.sourceforge.net/[CUnit] + + +== Milestones + +* Add useful tests of library-like code +* Integrate with + https://lore.kernel.org/git/20230502211454.1673000-1-calvinwan@google.com/[stdlib + work] +* Run alongside regular `make test` target diff --git a/user-manual.html b/user-manual.html index 13915fd79..0050db0d5 100644 --- a/user-manual.html +++ b/user-manual.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-11-20</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-12-09</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for |