diff options
| author | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-07-06 12:49:58 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-07-06 12:49:58 -0700 |
| commit | 85a512276c1db22d8401ea9fafef04474894b024 (patch) | |
| tree | 8eb4a0998e6dfc38c5ab8a7f97a436952da914fe | |
| parent | 0f401e173c76a32b3c9ef8426f1e57ca7136e188 (diff) | |
| download | git-htmldocs-85a512276c1db22d8401ea9fafef04474894b024.tar.gz | |
Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.41.0-318-g061c586
50 files changed, 167 insertions, 84 deletions
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html index c4336e79f..8bf7ac965 100644 --- a/MyFirstContribution.html +++ b/MyFirstContribution.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html index f904f5646..046fc849c 100644 --- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html +++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.42.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.42.0.txt index 8cbcba738..4a9b8ff86 100644 --- a/RelNotes/2.42.0.txt +++ b/RelNotes/2.42.0.txt @@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ UI, Workflows & Features * Add more "git var" for toolsmiths to learn various locations Git is configured with either via the configuration or hardcoded defaults. + * 'git notes append' was taught '--separator' to specify string to insert + between paragraphs. + Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -41,6 +44,9 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. * The set-up code for the get_revision() API now allows feeding options like --all and --not in the --stdin mode. + * Move functions that are not about pure string manipulation out of + strbuf.[ch] + Fixes since v2.41 ----------------- @@ -132,6 +138,19 @@ Fixes since v2.41 remove .idx before removing .pack for consistency. (merge 0dd1324a73 ds/remove-idx-before-pack later to maint). + * Partially revert a sanity check that the rest of the config code + was not ready, to avoid triggering it in a corner case. + (merge a53f43f900 gc/config-partial-submodule-kvi-fix later to maint). + + * "git apply" punts when it is fed too large a patch input; the error + message it gives when it happens has been clarified. + (merge 42612e18d2 pw/apply-too-large later to maint). + + * During a cherry-pick or revert session that works on multiple + commits, "git status" did not give correct information, which has + been corrected. + (merge a096a889f4 jk/cherry-pick-revert-status later to maint). + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. (merge 51f9d2e563 sa/doc-ls-remote later to maint). (merge c6d26a9dda jk/format-patch-message-id-unleak later to maint). @@ -149,3 +168,5 @@ Fixes since v2.41 (merge 6c26da8404 mh/credential-erase-improvements later to maint). (merge 78e56cff69 tz/lib-gpg-prereq-fix later to maint). (merge 80d32e84b5 rj/leakfixes later to maint). + (merge 0a868031ed pb/complete-diff-options later to maint). + (merge d4f28279ad jc/doc-hash-object-types later to maint). diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html index 1d9fc8c20..1b5bd699d 100644 --- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html +++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html index f67aeef20..8914579c5 100644 --- a/SubmittingPatches.html +++ b/SubmittingPatches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html index d6f14056f..198021d84 100644 --- a/ToolsForGit.html +++ b/ToolsForGit.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt b/cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt index b07e5673f..8a1ac3631 100644 --- a/cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt +++ b/cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ linkgit:git-commit-tree[1]:: Create a new commit object. linkgit:git-hash-object[1]:: - Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file. + Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file. linkgit:git-index-pack[1]:: Build pack index file for an existing packed archive. diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html index 3891d4efc..3ec42759b 100644 --- a/everyday.html +++ b/everyday.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-hash-object.html b/git-hash-object.html index 40ee5e038..ec1b8dc28 100644 --- a/git-hash-object.html +++ b/git-hash-object.html @@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ git-hash-object(1) Manual Page <h2>NAME</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<p>git-hash-object -
- Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file
+ Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file
</p>
</div>
</div>
@@ -775,7 +775,8 @@ When <type> is not specified, it defaults to "blob".</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Specify the type (default: "blob").
+ Specify the type of object to be created (default: "blob"). Possible
+ values are <code>commit</code>, <code>tree</code>, <code>blob</code>, and <code>tag</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -854,7 +855,7 @@ When <type> is not specified, it defaults to "blob".</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-10-28 11:53:56 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:47:39 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-hash-object.txt b/git-hash-object.txt index 472b5bb99..8577f7a7d 100644 --- a/git-hash-object.txt +++ b/git-hash-object.txt @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ git-hash-object(1) NAME ---- -git-hash-object - Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file +git-hash-object - Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file SYNOPSIS @@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ OPTIONS ------- -t <type>:: - Specify the type (default: "blob"). + Specify the type of object to be created (default: "blob"). Possible + values are `commit`, `tree`, `blob`, and `tag`. -w:: Actually write the object into the object database. diff --git a/git-notes.html b/git-notes.html index 230ed94ac..6de6c1d81 100644 --- a/git-notes.html +++ b/git-notes.html @@ -750,10 +750,10 @@ git-notes(1) Manual Page <div class="sectionbody">
<div class="verseblock">
<pre class="content"><em>git notes</em> [list [<object>]]
-<em>git notes</em> add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+<em>git notes</em> add [-f] [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=<paragraph-break>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
<em>git notes</em> copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> [<to-object>] )
-<em>git notes</em> append [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
-<em>git notes</em> edit [--allow-empty] [<object>]
+<em>git notes</em> append [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=<paragraph-break>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>]
+<em>git notes</em> edit [--allow-empty] [<object>] [--[no-]stripspace]
<em>git notes</em> show [<object>]
<em>git notes</em> merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes-ref>
<em>git notes</em> merge --commit [-v | -q]
@@ -814,7 +814,9 @@ add However, if you’re using <code>add</code> interactively (using an editor
to supply the notes contents), then - instead of aborting -
the existing notes will be opened in the editor (like the <code>edit</code>
- subcommand).
+ subcommand). If you specify multiple <code>-m</code> and <code>-F</code>, a blank
+ line will be inserted between the messages. Use the <code>--separator</code>
+ option to insert other delimiters.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -842,8 +844,12 @@ append </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Append to the notes of an existing object (defaults to HEAD).
- Creates a new notes object if needed.
+ Append new message(s) given by <code>-m</code> or <code>-F</code> options to an
+ existing note, or add them as a new note if one does not
+ exist, for the object (defaults to HEAD). When appending to
+ an existing note, a blank line is added before each new
+ message as an inter-paragraph separator. The separator can
+ be customized with the <code>--separator</code> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -940,7 +946,8 @@ get-ref If multiple <code>-m</code> options are given, their values
are concatenated as separate paragraphs.
Lines starting with <code>#</code> and empty lines other than a
- single line between paragraphs will be stripped out.
+ single line between paragraphs will be stripped out,
+ if you wish to keep them verbatim, use <code>--no-stripspace</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -954,7 +961,9 @@ get-ref Take the note message from the given file. Use <em>-</em> to
read the note message from the standard input.
Lines starting with <code>#</code> and empty lines other than a
- single line between paragraphs will be stripped out.
+ single line between paragraphs will be stripped out,
+ if you wish to keep them verbatim, use with
+ <code>--no-stripspace</code> option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -967,7 +976,10 @@ get-ref <p>
Take the given blob object (for example, another note) as the
note message. (Use <code>git notes copy <object></code> instead to
- copy notes between objects.)
+ copy notes between objects.). By default, message will be
+ copied verbatim, but if you wish to strip out the lines
+ starting with <code>#</code> and empty lines other than a single line
+ between paragraphs, use with`--stripspace` option.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -992,6 +1004,29 @@ get-ref </p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
+--[no-]separator, --separator=<paragraph-break>
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Specify a string used as a custom inter-paragraph separator
+ (a newline is added at the end as needed). If <code>--no-separator</code>, no
+ separators will be added between paragraphs. Defaults to a blank
+ line.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="hdlist1">
+--[no-]stripspace
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ Strip leading and trailing whitespace from the note message.
+ Also strip out empty lines other than a single line between
+ paragraphs. For lines starting with <code>#</code> will be stripped out
+ in non-editor cases like "-m", "-F" and "-C", but not in
+ editor case like "git notes edit", "-c", etc.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="hdlist1">
--ref <ref>
</dt>
<dd>
@@ -1362,7 +1397,7 @@ on the <code>notes.rewrite.<command></code> and <code>notes.rewriteRef</co <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-09-14 13:23:11 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:47:39 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-notes.txt b/git-notes.txt index efbc10f0f..bc1bfa379 100644 --- a/git-notes.txt +++ b/git-notes.txt @@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ SYNOPSIS -------- [verse] 'git notes' [list [<object>]] -'git notes' add [-f] [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>] +'git notes' add [-f] [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=<paragraph-break>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>] 'git notes' copy [-f] ( --stdin | <from-object> [<to-object>] ) -'git notes' append [--allow-empty] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>] -'git notes' edit [--allow-empty] [<object>] +'git notes' append [--allow-empty] [--[no-]separator | --separator=<paragraph-break>] [--[no-]stripspace] [-F <file> | -m <msg> | (-c | -C) <object>] [<object>] +'git notes' edit [--allow-empty] [<object>] [--[no-]stripspace] 'git notes' show [<object>] 'git notes' merge [-v | -q] [-s <strategy> ] <notes-ref> 'git notes' merge --commit [-v | -q] @@ -65,7 +65,9 @@ add:: However, if you're using `add` interactively (using an editor to supply the notes contents), then - instead of aborting - the existing notes will be opened in the editor (like the `edit` - subcommand). + subcommand). If you specify multiple `-m` and `-F`, a blank + line will be inserted between the messages. Use the `--separator` + option to insert other delimiters. copy:: Copy the notes for the first object onto the second object (defaults to @@ -85,8 +87,12 @@ corresponding <to-object>. (The optional `<rest>` is ignored so that the command can read the input given to the `post-rewrite` hook.) append:: - Append to the notes of an existing object (defaults to HEAD). - Creates a new notes object if needed. + Append new message(s) given by `-m` or `-F` options to an + existing note, or add them as a new note if one does not + exist, for the object (defaults to HEAD). When appending to + an existing note, a blank line is added before each new + message as an inter-paragraph separator. The separator can + be customized with the `--separator` option. edit:: Edit the notes for a given object (defaults to HEAD). @@ -135,20 +141,26 @@ OPTIONS If multiple `-m` options are given, their values are concatenated as separate paragraphs. Lines starting with `#` and empty lines other than a - single line between paragraphs will be stripped out. + single line between paragraphs will be stripped out, + if you wish to keep them verbatim, use `--no-stripspace`. -F <file>:: --file=<file>:: Take the note message from the given file. Use '-' to read the note message from the standard input. Lines starting with `#` and empty lines other than a - single line between paragraphs will be stripped out. + single line between paragraphs will be stripped out, + if you wish to keep them verbatim, use with + `--no-stripspace` option. -C <object>:: --reuse-message=<object>:: Take the given blob object (for example, another note) as the note message. (Use `git notes copy <object>` instead to - copy notes between objects.) + copy notes between objects.). By default, message will be + copied verbatim, but if you wish to strip out the lines + starting with `#` and empty lines other than a single line + between paragraphs, use with`--stripspace` option. -c <object>:: --reedit-message=<object>:: @@ -159,6 +171,19 @@ OPTIONS Allow an empty note object to be stored. The default behavior is to automatically remove empty notes. +--[no-]separator, --separator=<paragraph-break>:: + Specify a string used as a custom inter-paragraph separator + (a newline is added at the end as needed). If `--no-separator`, no + separators will be added between paragraphs. Defaults to a blank + line. + +--[no-]stripspace:: + Strip leading and trailing whitespace from the note message. + Also strip out empty lines other than a single line between + paragraphs. For lines starting with `#` will be stripped out + in non-editor cases like "-m", "-F" and "-C", but not in + editor case like "git notes edit", "-c", etc. + --ref <ref>:: Manipulate the notes tree in <ref>. This overrides `GIT_NOTES_REF` and the "core.notesRef" configuration. The ref diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html index 754d8576d..924ddbb60 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.html +++ b/git-remote-helpers.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1860,7 +1860,7 @@ repositories.</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Compute object ID and optionally creates a blob from a file.
+ Compute object ID and optionally create an object from a file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html index 3d202492c..bc7312194 100644 --- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html +++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ Thanks, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html index d6a7daa78..906de9f26 100644 --- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html +++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ tip of your <em>master</em> again and redo the two merges:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html index a6bf3ca43..d48c6b5b5 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.html +++ b/howto/maintain-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html index c5ab16af1..c326f4886 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.html +++ b/howto/new-command.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ letter [PATCH 0/n]. <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:26 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:16 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html index 4c7421144..ae99784ce 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ the #1' commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html index 7cd117c5f..3877406e7 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ This is still crude and does not protect against simultaneous <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html index bfe8e5cee..892a395a2 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ thing.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:27 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html index 94e8ca22f..8639688eb 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:28 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:18 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html index 26e669944..c8b74f775 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ P---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---M2 <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:27 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:17 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html index 1d4c3da81..cfa9b3c19 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:26 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:16 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html index 308b3cc47..165709213 100644 --- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html +++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ o---o"master"</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:27 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:17 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html index ae6b9afbd..cb5585ce5 100644 --- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html +++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:27 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:17 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/update-hook-example.html b/howto/update-hook-example.html index 28ccb7844..4fc5c7c04 100644 --- a/howto/update-hook-example.html +++ b/howto/update-hook-example.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:27 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:17 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/use-git-daemon.html b/howto/use-git-daemon.html index 4bdd40142..85df8443a 100644 --- a/howto/use-git-daemon.html +++ b/howto/use-git-daemon.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use git-daemon</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@ a good practice to put the paths after a "--" separator.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:26 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:17 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html index 2a3eae560..f3b65bd40 100644 --- a/howto/using-merge-subtree.html +++ b/howto/using-merge-subtree.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the subtree merge strategy</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ Please note that if the other project merges from you, then it will <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:26 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:16 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html index 7ea204dee..8ce8dc24d 100644 --- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html +++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use a signed tag in pull requests</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ as part of the merge commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-07-04 22:21:26 PDT
+ 2023-07-06 12:48:16 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/technical/api-error-handling.html b/technical/api-error-handling.html index ed6bd8a91..cbf2f2d4a 100644 --- a/technical/api-error-handling.html +++ b/technical/api-error-handling.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Error reporting in git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-index.html b/technical/api-index.html index dda244ded..bfb43593f 100644 --- a/technical/api-index.html +++ b/technical/api-index.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git API Documents</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-merge.html b/technical/api-merge.html index ca880d5b9..7cb77b2b8 100644 --- a/technical/api-merge.html +++ b/technical/api-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>merge API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-parse-options.html b/technical/api-parse-options.html index 3347dc057..3ab2ceca4 100644 --- a/technical/api-parse-options.html +++ b/technical/api-parse-options.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>parse-options API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html index 78eeedf99..f33b257e0 100644 --- a/technical/api-simple-ipc.html +++ b/technical/api-simple-ipc.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Simple-IPC API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/api-trace2.html b/technical/api-trace2.html index 076d7bd25..94540a381 100644 --- a/technical/api-trace2.html +++ b/technical/api-trace2.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Trace2 API</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/bitmap-format.html b/technical/bitmap-format.html index bca81f82d..357792c0f 100644 --- a/technical/bitmap-format.html +++ b/technical/bitmap-format.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>GIT bitmap v1 format</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/bundle-uri.html b/technical/bundle-uri.html index 8d9577cc8..367766109 100644 --- a/technical/bundle-uri.html +++ b/technical/bundle-uri.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Bundle URIs</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/hash-function-transition.html b/technical/hash-function-transition.html index 7e81577f4..d7150ded9 100644 --- a/technical/hash-function-transition.html +++ b/technical/hash-function-transition.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git hash function transition</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html index fc51f040e..cc7147bdf 100644 --- a/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html +++ b/technical/long-running-process-protocol.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Long-running process protocol</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/multi-pack-index.html b/technical/multi-pack-index.html index 44362e5a3..66f5b0784 100644 --- a/technical/multi-pack-index.html +++ b/technical/multi-pack-index.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/pack-heuristics.html b/technical/pack-heuristics.html index 1323e75b0..7fe8f91b9 100644 --- a/technical/pack-heuristics.html +++ b/technical/pack-heuristics.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Concerning Git’s Packing Heuristics</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/parallel-checkout.html b/technical/parallel-checkout.html index 4248b242f..4c5252965 100644 --- a/technical/parallel-checkout.html +++ b/technical/parallel-checkout.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Parallel Checkout Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/partial-clone.html b/technical/partial-clone.html index c894e8870..684b4cef2 100644 --- a/technical/partial-clone.html +++ b/technical/partial-clone.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Partial Clone Design Notes</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/racy-git.html b/technical/racy-git.html index 2a3db0651..28b61d34b 100644 --- a/technical/racy-git.html +++ b/technical/racy-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Use of index and Racy Git problem</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/scalar.html b/technical/scalar.html index 98a05d322..b74bb81af 100644 --- a/technical/scalar.html +++ b/technical/scalar.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Scalar</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html b/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html index 8ee6a7fb7..0688ed457 100644 --- a/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html +++ b/technical/send-pack-pipeline.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Git-send-pack internals</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/technical/shallow.html b/technical/shallow.html index 4d55674a7..daa3635e4 100644 --- a/technical/shallow.html +++ b/technical/shallow.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Shallow commits</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/technical/trivial-merge.html b/technical/trivial-merge.html index 6c3eba5dc..a22a8ea10 100644 --- a/technical/trivial-merge.html +++ b/technical/trivial-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Trivial merge rules</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-07-04</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-07-06</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/user-manual.html b/user-manual.html index 40fdfe93d..0ab4a8f49 100644 --- a/user-manual.html +++ b/user-manual.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-07-04</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-07-06</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for |