diff options
| author | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-09-07 15:14:06 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2023-09-07 15:14:06 -0700 |
| commit | 5730fe5de2f8ec0c4605185213370e122ce6fd95 (patch) | |
| tree | 42857fb09ce52ab4d1b90fec345a1715582fca20 | |
| parent | 51ce8024da180728386c2a63bd18513818400e5c (diff) | |
| download | git-htmldocs-5730fe5de2f8ec0c4605185213370e122ce6fd95.tar.gz | |
Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.42.0-158-g94e83
50 files changed, 111 insertions, 158 deletions
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html index f7bb4364b..76f7c1944 100644 --- a/MyFirstContribution.html +++ b/MyFirstContribution.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html index 1b5c58c0c..7d74aedb0 100644 --- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html +++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt index 91d7bc9b2..a57476cb8 100644 --- a/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt +++ b/RelNotes/2.43.0.txt @@ -1,6 +1,16 @@ Git v2.43 Release Notes ======================= +Backward Compatibility Notes + + * The "--rfc" option of "git format-patch" used to be a valid way to + override an earlier "--subject-prefix=<something>" on the command + line and replace it with "[RFC PATCH]", but from this release, it + merely prefixes the string "RFC " in front of the given subject + prefix. If you are negatively affected by this change, please use + "--subject-prefix=PATCH --rfc" as a replacement. + + UI, Workflows & Features * A message written in olden time prevented a branch from getting @@ -29,6 +39,14 @@ UI, Workflows & Features description available, and (2) also can override the branch description if there is one. + * Use of --max-pack-size to allow multiple packfiles to be created is + now supported even when we are sending unreachable objects to cruft + packs. + + * "git format-patch --rfc --subject-prefix=<foo>" used to ignore the + "--subject-prefix" option and used "[RFC PATCH]"; now we will add + "RFC" prefix to whatever subject prefix is specified. + Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. @@ -51,6 +69,9 @@ Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc. filtering the uninteresting output. (merge 370ef7e40d jk/test-lsan-denoise-output later to maint). + * Unused parameters to functions are marked as such, and/or removed, + in order to bring us closer to -Wunused-parameter clean. + Fixes since v2.42 ----------------- @@ -95,3 +116,5 @@ Fixes since v2.42 (merge fdc9914c28 ja/worktree-orphan later to maint). (merge c2cbefc510 jc/mv-d-to-d-error-message-fix later to maint). (merge d0fc552bfc ch/t6300-verify-commit-test-cleanup later to maint). + (merge aa4b83dd5e ws/git-svn-retire-faketerm later to maint). + (merge edf80d23f1 jk/ci-retire-allow-ref later to maint). diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html index f507533e9..c4cf2889b 100644 --- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html +++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html index 5d9f8ac67..3fabffd38 100644 --- a/SubmittingPatches.html +++ b/SubmittingPatches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html index 6b72131aa..dad7d0403 100644 --- a/ToolsForGit.html +++ b/ToolsForGit.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html index 1c6c7159e..dccc5d16b 100644 --- a/everyday.html +++ b/everyday.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-format-patch.html b/git-format-patch.html index 871658c3b..4cbeb5420 100644 --- a/git-format-patch.html +++ b/git-format-patch.html @@ -1847,10 +1847,15 @@ populated with placeholder text.</p></div> <dd>
<p>
Instead of the standard <em>[PATCH]</em> prefix in the subject
- line, instead use <em>[<subject prefix>]</em>. This
- allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be
- combined with the <code>--numbered</code> option.
+ line, instead use <em>[<subject prefix>]</em>. This can be used
+ to name a patch series, and can be combined with the
+ <code>--numbered</code> option.
</p>
+<div class="paragraph"><p>The configuration variable <code>format.subjectPrefix</code> may also be used
+to configure a subject prefix to apply to a given repository for
+all patches. This is often useful on mailing lists which receive
+patches for several repositories and can be used to disambiguate
+the patches (with a value of e.g. "PATCH my-project").</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--filename-max-length=<n>
@@ -1869,9 +1874,9 @@ populated with placeholder text.</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Alias for <code>--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"</code>. RFC means "Request For
- Comments"; use this when sending an experimental patch for
- discussion rather than application.
+ Prepends "RFC" to the subject prefix (producing "RFC PATCH" by
+ default). RFC means "Request For Comments"; use this when sending
+ an experimental patch for discussion rather than application.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -2612,7 +2617,7 @@ merge commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-01 14:19:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:10:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-format-patch.txt b/git-format-patch.txt index 8e515c7db..711823a7f 100644 --- a/git-format-patch.txt +++ b/git-format-patch.txt @@ -221,9 +221,15 @@ populated with placeholder text. --subject-prefix=<subject prefix>:: Instead of the standard '[PATCH]' prefix in the subject - line, instead use '[<subject prefix>]'. This - allows for useful naming of a patch series, and can be - combined with the `--numbered` option. + line, instead use '[<subject prefix>]'. This can be used + to name a patch series, and can be combined with the + `--numbered` option. ++ +The configuration variable `format.subjectPrefix` may also be used +to configure a subject prefix to apply to a given repository for +all patches. This is often useful on mailing lists which receive +patches for several repositories and can be used to disambiguate +the patches (with a value of e.g. "PATCH my-project"). --filename-max-length=<n>:: Instead of the standard 64 bytes, chomp the generated output @@ -233,9 +239,9 @@ populated with placeholder text. variable, or 64 if unconfigured. --rfc:: - Alias for `--subject-prefix="RFC PATCH"`. RFC means "Request For - Comments"; use this when sending an experimental patch for - discussion rather than application. + Prepends "RFC" to the subject prefix (producing "RFC PATCH" by + default). RFC means "Request For Comments"; use this when sending + an experimental patch for discussion rather than application. -v <n>:: --reroll-count=<n>:: diff --git a/git-pack-objects.html b/git-pack-objects.html index 4d806f2c2..41a4fd7dd 100644 --- a/git-pack-objects.html +++ b/git-pack-objects.html @@ -894,9 +894,7 @@ older than the <code>--cruft-expiration</code>, but are reachable from an unreachable object whose mtime is newer than the <code>--cruft-expiration</code>).</p></div>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Incompatible with <code>--unpack-unreachable</code>, <code>--keep-unreachable</code>,
<code>--pack-loose-unreachable</code>, <code>--stdin-packs</code>, as well as any other
-options which imply <code>--revs</code>. Also incompatible with <code>--max-pack-size</code>;
-when this option is set, the maximum pack size is not inferred from
-<code>pack.packSizeLimit</code>.</p></div>
+options which imply <code>--revs</code>.</p></div>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
--cruft-expiration=<approxidate>
@@ -1390,7 +1388,7 @@ attribute <code>delta</code> set to false.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2022-06-03 15:24:31 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:10:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-pack-objects.txt b/git-pack-objects.txt index a9995a932..dea7eacb0 100644 --- a/git-pack-objects.txt +++ b/git-pack-objects.txt @@ -116,9 +116,7 @@ unreachable object whose mtime is newer than the `--cruft-expiration`). + Incompatible with `--unpack-unreachable`, `--keep-unreachable`, `--pack-loose-unreachable`, `--stdin-packs`, as well as any other -options which imply `--revs`. Also incompatible with `--max-pack-size`; -when this option is set, the maximum pack size is not inferred from -`pack.packSizeLimit`. +options which imply `--revs`. --cruft-expiration=<approxidate>:: If specified, objects are eliminated from the cruft pack if they diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html index ba775f75e..4242e7625 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.html +++ b/git-remote-helpers.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/gitformat-pack.html b/gitformat-pack.html index b2a4385ec..7ec3ee1a2 100644 --- a/gitformat-pack.html +++ b/gitformat-pack.html @@ -1525,49 +1525,12 @@ later on.</p></div> unreachable objects.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
-<h3 id="_caution_for_mixed_version_environments">Caution for mixed-version environments</h3>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Repositories that have cruft packs in them will continue to work with any older
-version of Git. Note, however, that previous versions of Git which do not
-understand the <code>.mtimes</code> file will use the cruft pack’s mtime as the mtime for
-all of the objects in it. In other words, do not expect older (pre-cruft pack)
-versions of Git to interpret or even read the contents of the <code>.mtimes</code> file.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Note that having mixed versions of Git GC-ing the same repository can lead to
-unreachable objects never being completely pruned. This can happen under the
-following circumstances:</p></div>
-<div class="ulist"><ul>
-<li>
-<p>
-An older version of Git running GC explodes the contents of an existing
- cruft pack loose, using the cruft pack’s mtime.
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-A newer version running GC collects those loose objects into a cruft pack,
- where the .mtime file reflects the loose object’s actual mtimes, but the
- cruft pack mtime is "now".
-</p>
-</li>
-</ul></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Repeating this process will lead to unreachable objects not getting pruned as a
-result of repeatedly resetting the objects' mtimes to the present time.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>If you are GC-ing repositories in a mixed version environment, consider omitting
-the <code>--cruft</code> option when using <a href="git-repack.html">git-repack(1)</a> and <a href="git-gc.html">git-gc(1)</a>, and
-setting the <code>gc.cruftPacks</code> configuration to "false" until all writers
-understand cruft packs.</p></div>
-</div>
-<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_alternatives">Alternatives</h3>
<div class="paragraph"><p>Notable alternatives to this design include:</p></div>
<div class="ulist"><ul>
<li>
<p>
-The location of the per-object mtime data, and
-</p>
-</li>
-<li>
-<p>
-Storing unreachable objects in multiple cruft packs.
+The location of the per-object mtime data.
</p>
</li>
</ul></div>
@@ -1575,12 +1538,6 @@ Storing unreachable objects in multiple cruft packs. to avoid complicating the <code>.idx</code> format. If the <code>.idx</code> format were ever to gain
support for optional chunks of data, it may make sense to consolidate the
<code>.mtimes</code> format into the <code>.idx</code> itself.</p></div>
-<div class="paragraph"><p>Storing unreachable objects among multiple cruft packs (e.g., creating a new
-cruft pack during each repacking operation including only unreachable objects
-which aren’t already stored in an earlier cruft pack) is significantly more
-complicated to construct, and so aren’t pursued here. The obvious drawback to
-the current implementation is that the entire cruft pack must be re-written from
-scratch.</p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
@@ -1595,7 +1552,7 @@ scratch.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-04-28 16:26:53 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:10:34 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/gitformat-pack.txt b/gitformat-pack.txt index 0c1be2dbe..870e00f29 100644 --- a/gitformat-pack.txt +++ b/gitformat-pack.txt @@ -588,51 +588,17 @@ later on. It is linkgit:git-gc[1] that is typically responsible for removing expired unreachable objects. -=== Caution for mixed-version environments - -Repositories that have cruft packs in them will continue to work with any older -version of Git. Note, however, that previous versions of Git which do not -understand the `.mtimes` file will use the cruft pack's mtime as the mtime for -all of the objects in it. In other words, do not expect older (pre-cruft pack) -versions of Git to interpret or even read the contents of the `.mtimes` file. - -Note that having mixed versions of Git GC-ing the same repository can lead to -unreachable objects never being completely pruned. This can happen under the -following circumstances: - - - An older version of Git running GC explodes the contents of an existing - cruft pack loose, using the cruft pack's mtime. - - A newer version running GC collects those loose objects into a cruft pack, - where the .mtime file reflects the loose object's actual mtimes, but the - cruft pack mtime is "now". - -Repeating this process will lead to unreachable objects not getting pruned as a -result of repeatedly resetting the objects' mtimes to the present time. - -If you are GC-ing repositories in a mixed version environment, consider omitting -the `--cruft` option when using linkgit:git-repack[1] and linkgit:git-gc[1], and -setting the `gc.cruftPacks` configuration to "false" until all writers -understand cruft packs. - === Alternatives Notable alternatives to this design include: - - The location of the per-object mtime data, and - - Storing unreachable objects in multiple cruft packs. + - The location of the per-object mtime data. On the location of mtime data, a new auxiliary file tied to the pack was chosen to avoid complicating the `.idx` format. If the `.idx` format were ever to gain support for optional chunks of data, it may make sense to consolidate the `.mtimes` format into the `.idx` itself. -Storing unreachable objects among multiple cruft packs (e.g., creating a new -cruft pack during each repacking operation including only unreachable objects -which aren't already stored in an earlier cruft pack) is significantly more -complicated to construct, and so aren't pursued here. The obvious drawback to -the current implementation is that the entire cruft pack must be re-written from -scratch. - GIT --- Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html index 22647b351..78b35e60f 100644 --- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html +++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ Thanks, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html index 5216a9e1f..0da3fce5c 100644 --- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html +++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ tip of your <em>master</em> again and redo the two merges:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html index 5b4cbb087..3b9ed842c 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.html +++ b/howto/maintain-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html index fb28f4ae9..6e9bdaed7 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.html +++ b/howto/new-command.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ letter [PATCH 0/n]. <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:51 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:22 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html index 673bff570..c64e99b19 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ the #1' commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html index 4ac27745d..fb13c1700 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ This is still crude and does not protect against simultaneous <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html index 5fe6b507a..d6da9d9b8 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ thing.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:23 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html index b74fe0031..bb110a3b7 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:24 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html index f22cc8c4d..52c9c341b 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ P---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---M2 <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:52 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:23 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html index 2f77d4c4b..7567c1ac0 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-09-05 16:47:51 PDT
+ 2023-09-07 15:11:22 PDT
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html index 1a1c88758..91cb3c002 100644 --- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html +++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-09-05</span>
+<span id="revdate">2023-09-07</span>
</div>
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diff --git a/user-manual.html b/user-manual.html index 67f5af58a..7c4d64fbd 100644 --- a/user-manual.html +++ b/user-manual.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-09-05</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-09-07</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for |