diff options
| author | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2024-01-02 14:30:15 -0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> | 2024-01-02 14:30:15 -0800 |
| commit | 07b9e54e5347adf0229f3bb916568e37530051ae (patch) | |
| tree | 39a2de3ffa3edcac129a0650774c14921d82966f | |
| parent | 7ae46b40202f2928d34d523c62e7c215f44f91bf (diff) | |
| download | git-htmldocs-07b9e54e5347adf0229f3bb916568e37530051ae.tar.gz | |
Autogenerated HTML docs for v2.43.0-254-ga260
54 files changed, 147 insertions, 71 deletions
diff --git a/MyFirstContribution.html b/MyFirstContribution.html index 5ae019fa7..5f5805ce0 100644 --- a/MyFirstContribution.html +++ b/MyFirstContribution.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Contribution to the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html index e6df6a148..35644fb1c 100644 --- a/MyFirstObjectWalk.html +++ b/MyFirstObjectWalk.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>My First Object Walk</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt b/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt index 37d516191..a3c5373d4 100644 --- a/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt +++ b/RelNotes/2.44.0.txt @@ -134,6 +134,14 @@ Fixes since v2.43 which has been corrected. (merge 18ce48918c jx/fetch-atomic-error-message-fix later to maint). + * Command line completion script (in contrib/) learned to work better + with the reftable backend. + (merge 44dbb3bf29 sh/completion-with-reftable later to maint). + + * "git status" is taught to show both the branch being bisected and + being rebased when both are in effect at the same time. + (merge 990adccbdf rj/status-bisect-while-rebase later to maint). + * Other code cleanup, docfix, build fix, etc. (merge 50f1abcff6 js/packfile-h-typofix later to maint). (merge cbf498eb53 jb/reflog-expire-delete-dry-run-options later to maint). @@ -151,3 +159,7 @@ Fixes since v2.43 (merge 6d6f1cd7ee jc/doc-misspelt-refs-fix later to maint). (merge 37e8d795be sp/test-i18ngrep later to maint). (merge fbc6526ea6 rs/t6300-compressed-size-fix later to maint). + (merge 45184afb4d rs/rebase-use-strvec-pushf later to maint). + (merge a762af3dfd jc/retire-cas-opt-name-constant later to maint). + (merge de7c27a186 la/trailer-cleanups later to maint). + (merge d44b517137 jc/orphan-unborn later to maint). diff --git a/ReviewingGuidelines.html b/ReviewingGuidelines.html index 2f476e05b..c8d7208e5 100644 --- a/ReviewingGuidelines.html +++ b/ReviewingGuidelines.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Reviewing Patches in the Git Project</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/SubmittingPatches.html b/SubmittingPatches.html index fc7b33db9..38b617a40 100644 --- a/SubmittingPatches.html +++ b/SubmittingPatches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Submitting Patches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/ToolsForGit.html b/ToolsForGit.html index 9835eb29e..2ff647277 100644 --- a/ToolsForGit.html +++ b/ToolsForGit.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Tools for developing Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
diff --git a/everyday.html b/everyday.html index ad790d8d3..f02d12525 100644 --- a/everyday.html +++ b/everyday.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Everyday Git With 20 Commands Or So</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-checkout.html b/git-checkout.html index 5926f9264..a808a688c 100644 --- a/git-checkout.html +++ b/git-checkout.html @@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ variable.</p></div> </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Create a new <em>orphan</em> branch, named <code><new-branch></code>, started from
+ Create a new unborn branch, named <code><new-branch></code>, started from
<code><start-point></code> and switch to it. The first commit made on this
new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new
history totally disconnected from all the other branches and
@@ -1635,7 +1635,7 @@ checkout.thresholdForParallelism <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:18 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:28:43 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-checkout.txt b/git-checkout.txt index 55a50b5b2..8bdfa54ab 100644 --- a/git-checkout.txt +++ b/git-checkout.txt @@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ variable. below for details. --orphan <new-branch>:: - Create a new 'orphan' branch, named `<new-branch>`, started from + Create a new unborn branch, named `<new-branch>`, started from `<start-point>` and switch to it. The first commit made on this new branch will have no parents and it will be the root of a new history totally disconnected from all the other branches and diff --git a/git-config.html b/git-config.html index 2fdeeec39..87adc6591 100644 --- a/git-config.html +++ b/git-config.html @@ -2334,7 +2334,7 @@ worktreeAddOrphan <dd>
<p>
Advice shown when a user tries to create a worktree from an
- invalid reference, to instruct how to create a new orphan
+ invalid reference, to instruct how to create a new unborn
branch instead.
</p>
</dd>
diff --git a/git-remote-helpers.html b/git-remote-helpers.html index b8011d5c8..0735472e7 100644 --- a/git-remote-helpers.html +++ b/git-remote-helpers.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>git-remote-helpers</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
diff --git a/git-switch.html b/git-switch.html index 651930bd8..5b50a10de 100644 --- a/git-switch.html +++ b/git-switch.html @@ -1010,7 +1010,7 @@ name, the guessing is aborted. You can explicitly give a name with </dt>
<dd>
<p>
- Create a new <em>orphan</em> branch, named <code><new-branch></code>. All
+ Create a new unborn branch, named <code><new-branch></code>. All
tracked files are removed.
</p>
</dd>
@@ -1203,7 +1203,7 @@ checkout.thresholdForParallelism <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:18 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:28:43 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-switch.txt b/git-switch.txt index 6137421ed..f38e4c8af 100644 --- a/git-switch.txt +++ b/git-switch.txt @@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ name, the guessing is aborted. You can explicitly give a name with `branch.autoSetupMerge` configuration variable is true. --orphan <new-branch>:: - Create a new 'orphan' branch, named `<new-branch>`. All + Create a new unborn branch, named `<new-branch>`. All tracked files are removed. --ignore-other-worktrees:: diff --git a/git-worktree.html b/git-worktree.html index 8eb6c94b2..d5412bb7f 100644 --- a/git-worktree.html +++ b/git-worktree.html @@ -840,7 +840,7 @@ command will refuse to create the worktree (unless <code>--force</code> is used) <div class="paragraph"><p>If <code><commit-ish></code> is omitted, neither <code>--detach</code>, or <code>--orphan</code> is
used, and there are no valid local branches (or remote branches if
<code>--guess-remote</code> is specified) then, as a convenience, the new worktree is
-associated with a new orphan branch named <code><branch></code> (after
+associated with a new unborn branch named <code><branch></code> (after
<code>$(basename <path>)</code> if neither <code>-b</code> or <code>-B</code> is used) as if <code>--orphan</code> was
passed to the command. In the event the repository has a remote and
<code>--guess-remote</code> is used, but no remote or local branches exist, then the
@@ -1053,7 +1053,7 @@ To remove a locked worktree, specify <code>--force</code> twice.</p></div> <dd>
<p>
With <code>add</code>, make the new worktree and index empty, associating
- the worktree with a new orphan/unborn branch named <code><new-branch></code>.
+ the worktree with a new unborn branch named <code><new-branch></code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
@@ -1399,7 +1399,7 @@ checkouts of a superproject.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-10-20 16:56:50 PDT
+ 2024-01-02 14:28:43 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/git-worktree.txt b/git-worktree.txt index 93d76f5d6..2a240f53b 100644 --- a/git-worktree.txt +++ b/git-worktree.txt @@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ command will refuse to create the worktree (unless `--force` is used). If `<commit-ish>` is omitted, neither `--detach`, or `--orphan` is used, and there are no valid local branches (or remote branches if `--guess-remote` is specified) then, as a convenience, the new worktree is -associated with a new orphan branch named `<branch>` (after +associated with a new unborn branch named `<branch>` (after `$(basename <path>)` if neither `-b` or `-B` is used) as if `--orphan` was passed to the command. In the event the repository has a remote and `--guess-remote` is used, but no remote or local branches exist, then the @@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ This can also be set up as the default behaviour by using the --orphan:: With `add`, make the new worktree and index empty, associating - the worktree with a new orphan/unborn branch named `<new-branch>`. + the worktree with a new unborn branch named `<new-branch>`. --porcelain:: With `list`, output in an easy-to-parse format for scripts. diff --git a/gitglossary.html b/gitglossary.html index 54e21e163..38c2bba9e 100644 --- a/gitglossary.html +++ b/gitglossary.html @@ -1284,6 +1284,17 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a </p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
+<a id="def_orphan"></a>orphan
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ The act of getting on a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a> that does not
+ exist yet (i.e., an <a href="#def_unborn">unborn</a> branch). After
+ such an operation, the commit first created becomes a commit
+ without a parent, starting a new history.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="hdlist1">
<a id="def_origin"></a>origin
</dt>
<dd>
@@ -1927,6 +1938,22 @@ The most notable example is <code>HEAD</code>.</p></div> </p>
</dd>
<dt class="hdlist1">
+<a id="def_unborn"></a>unborn
+</dt>
+<dd>
+<p>
+ The <a href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> can point at a <a href="#def_branch">branch</a>
+ that does not yet exist and that does not have any commit on
+ it yet, and such a branch is called an unborn branch. The
+ most typical way users encounter an unborn branch is by
+ creating a repository anew without cloning from elsewhere.
+ The HEAD would point at the <em>main</em> (or <em>master</em>, depending
+ on your configuration) branch that is yet to be born. Also
+ some operations can get you on an unborn branch with their
+ <a href="#def_orphan">orphan</a> option.
+</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="hdlist1">
<a id="def_unmerged_index"></a>unmerged index
</dt>
<dd>
diff --git a/glossary-content.txt b/glossary-content.txt index fbbb3f2de..f7d98c11e 100644 --- a/glossary-content.txt +++ b/glossary-content.txt @@ -314,6 +314,12 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a [[def_octopus]]octopus:: To <<def_merge,merge>> more than two <<def_branch,branches>>. +[[def_orphan]]orphan:: + The act of getting on a <<def_branch,branch>> that does not + exist yet (i.e., an <<def_unborn,unborn>> branch). After + such an operation, the commit first created becomes a commit + without a parent, starting a new history. + [[def_origin]]origin:: The default upstream <<def_repository,repository>>. Most projects have at least one upstream project which they track. By default @@ -697,6 +703,18 @@ The most notable example is `HEAD`. object, etc. +[[def_unborn]]unborn:: + The <<def_HEAD,HEAD>> can point at a <<def_branch,branch>> + that does not yet exist and that does not have any commit on + it yet, and such a branch is called an unborn branch. The + most typical way users encounter an unborn branch is by + creating a repository anew without cloning from elsewhere. + The HEAD would point at the 'main' (or 'master', depending + on your configuration) branch that is yet to be born. Also + some operations can get you on an unborn branch with their + <<def_orphan,orphan>> option. + + [[def_unmerged_index]]unmerged index:: An <<def_index,index>> which contains unmerged <<def_index_entry,index entries>>. diff --git a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html index 0584b507e..023cf3993 100644 --- a/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html +++ b/howto/coordinate-embargoed-releases.html @@ -1038,7 +1038,7 @@ Thanks, <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:06 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html index b48d0b64a..77c641084 100644 --- a/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html +++ b/howto/keep-canonical-history-correct.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>Keep authoritative canonical history correct with git pull</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -939,7 +939,7 @@ tip of your <em>master</em> again and redo the two merges:</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:06 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/maintain-git.html b/howto/maintain-git.html index 6dfba5690..74acaf1e0 100644 --- a/howto/maintain-git.html +++ b/howto/maintain-git.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to maintain Git</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ $ git update-ref -d $mf/ai/topic</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:06 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/new-command.html b/howto/new-command.html index 4fef81698..75863a43b 100644 --- a/howto/new-command.html +++ b/howto/new-command.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to integrate new subcommands</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ letter [PATCH 0/n]. <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:39 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:04 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html index da565b2b4..757769bbf 100644 --- a/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html +++ b/howto/rebase-from-internal-branch.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebase from an internal branch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -896,7 +896,7 @@ the #1' commit.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:06 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html index a606e9959..906102082 100644 --- a/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html +++ b/howto/rebuild-from-update-hook.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to rebuild from update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ This is still crude and does not protect against simultaneous <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html index 18ce77486..e6efbc328 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-blob-object.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover a corrupted blob object</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ thing.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html index 9e713fe34..55f43dec1 100644 --- a/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html +++ b/howto/recover-corrupted-object-harder.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to recover an object from scratch</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1190,7 +1190,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:41 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html index 025537be9..d6a67302c 100644 --- a/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html +++ b/howto/revert-a-faulty-merge.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert a faulty merge</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1026,7 +1026,7 @@ P---o---o---M---x---x---W---x---M2 <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:40 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html index a679dd1c1..a9f7ae79f 100644 --- a/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html +++ b/howto/revert-branch-rebase.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to revert an existing commit</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -908,7 +908,7 @@ Committed merge 7fb9b7262a1d1e0a47bbfdcbbcf50ce0635d3f8f <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:40 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:04 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html index 15d6bc0a8..f0a5f9453 100644 --- a/howto/separating-topic-branches.html +++ b/howto/separating-topic-branches.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to separate topic branches</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ o---o"master"</code></pre> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:40 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html index ae0621294..573929870 100644 --- a/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html +++ b/howto/setup-git-server-over-http.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to setup Git server over http</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ help diagnosing the problem, but removes security checks.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:40 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
diff --git a/howto/update-hook-example.html b/howto/update-hook-example.html index 271cb5665..629caeb0a 100644 --- a/howto/update-hook-example.html +++ b/howto/update-hook-example.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
<div id="header">
<h1>How to use the update hook</h1>
-<span id="revdate">2023-12-27</span>
+<span id="revdate">2024-01-02</span>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div id="preamble">
@@ -931,7 +931,7 @@ that JC can make non-fast-forward pushes on it.</p></div> <div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated
- 2023-12-27 15:50:40 PST
+ 2024-01-02 14:29:05 PST
</div>
</div>
</body>
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<h1>How to use the subtree merge strategy</h1>
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diff --git a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html index 6732d2530..b7fc56593 100644 --- a/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html +++ b/howto/using-signed-tag-in-pull-request.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
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diff --git a/technical/api-error-handling.html b/technical/api-error-handling.html index 63c7b24cc..016d83185 100644 --- a/technical/api-error-handling.html +++ b/technical/api-error-handling.html @@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ asciidoc.install(); <body class="article">
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<h1>merge API</h1>
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<h1>Multi-Pack-Index (MIDX) Design Notes</h1>
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<h1>Git-send-pack internals</h1>
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<h1>Shallow commits</h1>
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<h1>Trivial merge rules</h1>
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<h1>Unit Testing</h1>
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diff --git a/user-manual.html b/user-manual.html index 23718b202..70459f801 100644 --- a/user-manual.html +++ b/user-manual.html @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> -<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2023-12-27</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX +<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Git User Manual</title><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="docbook-xsl.css"><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets Vsnapshot"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div lang="en" class="book"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="id-1"></a>Git User Manual</h1></div><div><div class="revhistory"><table style="border-style:solid; width:100%;" summary="Revision History"><tr><th align="left" valign="top" colspan="2"><b>Revision History</b></th></tr><tr><td align="left"></td><td align="left">2024-01-02</td></tr></table></div></div></div><hr></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="preface"><a href="#_introduction">Introduction</a></span></dt><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#repositories-and-branches">1. Repositories and Branches</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository">How to get a Git repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-check-out">How to check out a different version of a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-commits">Understanding History: Commits</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#understanding-reachability">Understanding history: commits, parents, and reachability</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-diagrams">Understanding history: History diagrams</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#what-is-a-branch">Understanding history: What is a branch?</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#manipulating-branches">Manipulating branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#detached-head">Examining an old version without creating a new branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-remote-branches">Examining branches from a remote repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-git-stores-references">Naming branches, tags, and other references</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Updating-a-repository-With-git-fetch">Updating a repository with git fetch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-branches">Fetching branches from other repositories</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#exploring-git-history">2. Exploring Git history</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-bisect">How to use bisect to find a regression</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#naming-commits">Naming commits</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-tags">Creating tags</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#browsing-revisions">Browsing revisions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#generating-diffs">Generating diffs</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#viewing-old-file-versions">Viewing old file versions</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#history-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#counting-commits-on-a-branch">Counting the number of commits on a branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-equal-branches">Check whether two branches point at the same history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#finding-tagged-descendants">Find first tagged version including a given fix</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#showing-commits-unique-to-a-branch">Showing commits unique to a given branch</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-a-release">Creating a changelog and tarball for a software release</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#Finding-commits-With-given-Content">Finding commits referencing a file with given content</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#Developing-With-git">3. Developing with Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#telling-git-your-name">Telling Git your name</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-make-a-commit">How to make a commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#creating-good-commit-messages">Creating good commit messages</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ignoring-files">Ignoring files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-merge">How to merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#resolving-a-merge">Resolving a merge</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#conflict-resolution">Getting conflict-resolution help during a merge</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#undoing-a-merge">Undoing a merge</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fast-forwards">Fast-forward merges</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-mistakes">Fixing mistakes</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reverting-a-commit">Fixing a mistake with a new commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fixing-a-mistake-by-rewriting-history">Fixing a mistake by rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checkout-of-path">Checking out an old version of a file</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interrupted-work">Temporarily setting aside work in progress</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-good-performance">Ensuring good performance</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#ensuring-reliability">Ensuring reliability</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#checking-for-corruption">Checking the repository for corruption</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-lost-changes">Recovering lost changes</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#sharing-development">4. Sharing development with others</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#getting-updates-With-git-pull">Getting updates with git pull</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#submitting-patches">Submitting patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#importing-patches">Importing patches to a project</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#public-repositories">Public Git repositories</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-public-repository">Setting up a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-git">Exporting a Git repository via the Git protocol</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exporting-via-http">Exporting a git repository via HTTP</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pushing-changes-to-a-public-repository">Pushing changes to a public repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-push">What to do when a push fails</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-a-shared-repository">Setting up a shared repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#setting-up-gitweb">Allowing web browsing of a repository</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#how-to-get-a-git-repository-with-minimal-history">How to get a Git repository with minimal history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-development-examples">Examples</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#maintaining-topic-branches">Maintaining topic branches for a Linux subsystem maintainer</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#cleaning-up-history">5. Rewriting history and maintaining patch series</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series">Creating the perfect patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#using-git-rebase">Keeping a patch series up to date using git rebase</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#rewriting-one-commit">Rewriting a single commit</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#reordering-patch-series">Reordering or selecting from a patch series</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#interactive-rebase">Using interactive rebases</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#patch-series-tools">Other tools</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#problems-With-rewriting-history">Problems with rewriting history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#bisect-merges">Why bisecting merge commits can be harder than bisecting linear history</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#advanced-branch-management">6. Advanced branch management</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetching-individual-branches">Fetching individual branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#fetch-fast-forwards">git fetch and fast-forwards</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#forcing-fetch">Forcing git fetch to do non-fast-forward updates</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#remote-branch-configuration">Configuring remote-tracking branches</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#git-concepts">7. Git concepts</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-object-database">The Object Database</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#commit-object">Commit Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tree-object">Tree Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#blob-object">Blob Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#trust">Trust</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tag-object">Tag Object</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pack-files">How Git stores objects efficiently: pack files</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#dangling-objects">Dangling objects</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#recovering-from-repository-corruption">Recovering from repository corruption</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-index">The index</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#submodules">8. Submodules</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#pitfalls-with-submodules">Pitfalls with submodules</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#low-level-operations">9. Low-level Git operations</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-manipulation">Object access and manipulation</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#the-workflow">The Workflow</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#working-directory-to-index">working directory → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-object-database">index → object database</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-database-to-index">object database → index</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#index-to-working-directory">index → working directory</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#tying-it-all-together">Tying it all together</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="section"><a href="#examining-the-data">Examining the data</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees">Merging multiple trees</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging-multiple-trees-2">Merging multiple trees, continued</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#hacking-git">10. Hacking Git</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#object-details">Object storage format</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#birdview-on-the-source-code">A birds-eye view of Git’s source code</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="chapter"><a href="#glossary">11. Git Glossary</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#git-explained">Git explained</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#git-quick-start">A. Git Quick Reference</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#quick-creating-a-new-repository">Creating a new repository</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#managing-branches">Managing branches</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#exploring-history">Exploring history</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#making-changes">Making changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#merging">Merging</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#sharing-your-changes">Sharing your changes</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#repository-maintenance">Repository maintenance</a></span></dt></dl></dd><dt><span class="appendix"><a href="#todo">B. Notes and todo list for this manual</a></span></dt><dd><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#todo-list">Todo list</a></span></dt></dl></dd></dl></div><div class="preface"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="_introduction"></a>Introduction</h1></div></div></div><p>Git is a fast distributed revision control system.</p><p>This manual is designed to be readable by someone with basic UNIX command-line skills, but no previous knowledge of Git.</p><p><a class="xref" href="#repositories-and-branches" title="Chapter 1. Repositories and Branches">Chapter 1, <i>Repositories and Branches</i></a> and <a class="xref" href="#exploring-git-history" title="Chapter 2. Exploring Git history">Chapter 2, <i>Exploring Git history</i></a> explain how to fetch and study a project using git—read these chapters to learn how to build and test a particular version of a software project, search for @@ -2310,6 +2310,13 @@ This commit is referred to as a "merge commit", or sometimes just a </span></dt><dd> To <a class="link" href="#def_merge">merge</a> more than two <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branches</a>. </dd><dt><span class="term"> +<a name="def_orphan"></a>orphan +</span></dt><dd> + The act of getting on a <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> that does not + exist yet (i.e., an <a class="link" href="#def_unborn">unborn</a> branch). After + such an operation, the commit first created becomes a commit + without a parent, starting a new history. +</dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_origin"></a>origin </span></dt><dd> The default upstream <a class="link" href="#def_repository">repository</a>. Most projects have @@ -2711,6 +2718,18 @@ The most notable example is <code class="literal">HEAD</code>.</p></dd><dt><span object, etc. </dd><dt><span class="term"> +<a name="def_unborn"></a>unborn +</span></dt><dd> + The <a class="link" href="#def_HEAD">HEAD</a> can point at a <a class="link" href="#def_branch">branch</a> + that does not yet exist and that does not have any commit on + it yet, and such a branch is called an unborn branch. The + most typical way users encounter an unborn branch is by + creating a repository anew without cloning from elsewhere. + The HEAD would point at the <span class="emphasis"><em>main</em></span> (or <span class="emphasis"><em>master</em></span>, depending + on your configuration) branch that is yet to be born. Also + some operations can get you on an unborn branch with their + <a class="link" href="#def_orphan">orphan</a> option. +</dd><dt><span class="term"> <a name="def_unmerged_index"></a>unmerged index </span></dt><dd> An <a class="link" href="#def_index">index</a> which contains unmerged |