2.15. Defining Colorspaces in V4L2

In V4L2 colorspaces are defined by four values. The first is the colorspace identifier (enum v4l2_colorspace) which defines the chromaticities, the default transfer function, the default Y’CbCr encoding and the default quantization method. The second is the transfer function identifier (enum v4l2_xfer_func) to specify non-standard transfer functions. The third is the Y’CbCr encoding identifier (enum v4l2_ycbcr_encoding) to specify non-standard Y’CbCr encodings and the fourth is the quantization identifier (enum v4l2_quantization) to specify non-standard quantization methods. Most of the time only the colorspace field of struct v4l2_pix_format or struct v4l2_pix_format_mplane needs to be filled in.

On HSV formats the Hue is defined as the angle on the cylindrical color representation. Usually this angle is measured in degrees, i.e. 0-360. When we map this angle value into 8 bits, there are two basic ways to do it: Divide the angular value by 2 (0-179), or use the whole range, 0-255, dividing the angular value by 1.41. The enum v4l2_hsv_encoding specifies which encoding is used.

Note

The default R’G’B’ quantization is full range for all colorspaces except for BT.2020 which uses limited range R’G’B’ quantization.

v4l2_colorspace
V4L2 Colorspaces
Identifier Details
V4L2_COLORSPACE_DEFAULT The default colorspace. This can be used by applications to let the driver fill in the colorspace.
V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M See Colorspace SMPTE 170M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709 See Colorspace Rec. 709 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB See Colorspace sRGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_OPRGB See Colorspace opRGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_OPRGB).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT2020 See Colorspace BT.2020 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT2020).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_DCI_P3 See Colorspace DCI-P3 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_DCI_P3).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M See Colorspace SMPTE 240M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M See Colorspace NTSC 1953 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG See Colorspace EBU Tech. 3213 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG See Colorspace JPEG (V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG).
V4L2_COLORSPACE_RAW The raw colorspace. This is used for raw image capture where the image is minimally processed and is using the internal colorspace of the device. The software that processes an image using this ‘colorspace’ will have to know the internals of the capture device.
v4l2_xfer_func
V4L2 Transfer Function
Identifier Details
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DEFAULT Use the default transfer function as defined by the colorspace.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709 Use the Rec. 709 transfer function.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB Use the sRGB transfer function.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_OPRGB Use the opRGB transfer function.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE240M Use the SMPTE 240M transfer function.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_NONE Do not use a transfer function (i.e. use linear RGB values).
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DCI_P3 Use the DCI-P3 transfer function.
V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE2084 Use the SMPTE 2084 transfer function. See Transfer Function SMPTE 2084 (V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE2084).
v4l2_ycbcr_encoding
V4L2 Y’CbCr Encodings
Identifier Details
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_DEFAULT Use the default Y’CbCr encoding as defined by the colorspace.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601 Use the BT.601 Y’CbCr encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709 Use the Rec. 709 Y’CbCr encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601 Use the extended gamut xvYCC BT.601 encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709 Use the extended gamut xvYCC Rec. 709 encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020 Use the default non-constant luminance BT.2020 Y’CbCr encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020_CONST_LUM Use the constant luminance BT.2020 Yc’CbcCrc encoding.
V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE_240M Use the SMPTE 240M Y’CbCr encoding.
v4l2_hsv_encoding
V4L2 HSV Encodings
Identifier Details
V4L2_HSV_ENC_180 For the Hue, each LSB is two degrees.
V4L2_HSV_ENC_256 For the Hue, the 360 degrees are mapped into 8 bits, i.e. each LSB is roughly 1.41 degrees.
v4l2_quantization
V4L2 Quantization Methods
Identifier Details
V4L2_QUANTIZATION_DEFAULT Use the default quantization encoding as defined by the colorspace. This is always full range for R’G’B’ (except for the BT.2020 colorspace) and HSV. It is usually limited range for Y’CbCr.
V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE Use the full range quantization encoding. I.e. the range [0…1] is mapped to [0…255] (with possible clipping to [1…254] to avoid the 0x00 and 0xff values). Cb and Cr are mapped from [-0.5…0.5] to [0…255] (with possible clipping to [1…254] to avoid the 0x00 and 0xff values).
V4L2_QUANTIZATION_LIM_RANGE Use the limited range quantization encoding. I.e. the range [0…1] is mapped to [16…235]. Cb and Cr are mapped from [-0.5…0.5] to [16…240].