Asphinx.addnodesdocument)}( rawsourcechildren]( translations LanguagesNode)}(hhh](h pending_xref)}(hhh]docutils.nodesTextEnglish}parenthsba attributes}(ids]classes]names]dupnames]backrefs] refdomainstdreftypedoc reftarget/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicitutagnamehhh ubh)}(hhh]hChinese (Simplified)}hh2sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget(/translations/zh_CN/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hItalian}hhFsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget(/translations/it_IT/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hJapanese}hhZsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget(/translations/ja_JP/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hKorean}hhnsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget(/translations/ko_KR/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hSpanish}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget(/translations/sp_SP/admin-guide/cpu-loadmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]current_languageChinese (Traditional)uh1h hh _documenthsourceNlineNubhcomment)}(h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0h]h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] xml:spacepreserveuh1hhhhhhU/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/cpu-load.rsthKubhwarning)}(hX1此文件的目的是爲讓中文讀者更容易閱讀和理解，而不是作爲一個分支。因此， 如果您對此文件有任何意見或改動，請先嘗試更新原始英文文件。如果要更改或 修正某處翻譯文件，請將意見或補丁發送給維護者（聯繫方式見下）。h]h paragraph)}(hX1此文件的目的是爲讓中文讀者更容易閱讀和理解，而不是作爲一個分支。因此， 如果您對此文件有任何意見或改動，請先嘗試更新原始英文文件。如果要更改或 修正某處翻譯文件，請將意見或補丁發送給維護者（聯繫方式見下）。h]hX1此文件的目的是爲讓中文讀者更容易閱讀和理解，而不是作爲一個分支。因此， 如果您對此文件有任何意見或改動，請先嘗試更新原始英文文件。如果要更改或 修正某處翻譯文件，請將意見或補丁發送給維護者（聯繫方式見下）。}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hh5Documentation/translations/zh_TW/disclaimer-zh_TW.rsthKhhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhNubhnote)}(h如果您發現本文檔與原始文件有任何不同或者有翻譯問題，請聯繫該文件的譯者， 或者發送電子郵件給胡皓文以獲取幫助：<2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>。h]h)}(h如果您發現本文檔與原始文件有任何不同或者有翻譯問題，請聯繫該文件的譯者， 或者發送電子郵件給胡皓文以獲取幫助：<2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>。h](h如果您發現本文檔與原始文件有任何不同或者有翻譯問題，請聯繫該文件的譯者， 或者發送電子郵件給胡皓文以獲取幫助：<}(hhhhhNhNubh reference)}(h2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cnh]h2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refuri"mailto:2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cnuh1hhhubh>。}(hhhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK hhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhNubh field_list)}(hhh]hfield)}(hhh](h field_name)}(h Translatorh]h Translator}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjhhhKubh field_body)}(h2胡皓文 Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn> h]h)}(h1胡皓文 Hu Haowen <2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn>h](h胡皓文 Hu Haowen <}(hj!hhhNhNubh)}(h2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cnh]h2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cn}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refuri"mailto:2023002089@link.tyut.edu.cnuh1hhj!ubh>}(hj!hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhhhhhKubhsection)}(hhh](htitle)}(h CPU 負載h]h CPU 負載}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jZhjWhhhhhK ubh)}(hLinux通過``/proc/stat``和``/proc/uptime``導出各種信息，用戶空間工具 如top(1)使用這些信息計算系統花費在某個特定狀態的平均時間。 例如：h]hLinux通過``/proc/stat``和``/proc/uptime``導出各種信息，用戶空間工具 如top(1)使用這些信息計算系統花費在某個特定狀態的平均時間。 例如：}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK hjWhhubh block_quote)}(h$ iostat Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63 ... h](h)}(h3$ iostat Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007h]h3$ iostat Linux 2.6.18.3-exp (linmac) 02/20/2007}(hj~hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjzubhdefinition_list)}(hhh]hdefinition_list_item)}(hfavg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63 h](hterm)}(h7avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idleh]h7avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubh definition)}(hhh]h)}(h-10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63h]h-10.01 0.00 2.92 5.44 0.00 81.63}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjzubh)}(h...h]h...}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjzubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jxhhhKhjWhhubh)}(h這裏系統認爲在默認採樣週期內有10.01%的時間工作在用戶空間，2.92%的時 間用在系統空間，總體上有81.63%的時間是空閒的。h]h這裏系統認爲在默認採樣週期內有10.01%的時間工作在用戶空間，2.92%的時 間用在系統空間，總體上有81.63%的時間是空閒的。}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjWhhubh)}(h大多數情況下``/proc/stat``的信息幾乎真實反映了系統信息，然而，由於內 核採集這些數據的方式/時間的特點，有時這些信息根本不可靠。h]h大多數情況下``/proc/stat``的信息幾乎真實反映了系統信息，然而，由於內 核採集這些數據的方式/時間的特點，有時這些信息根本不可靠。}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjWhhubh)}(hXZ那麼這些信息是如何被蒐集的呢？每當時間中斷觸發時，內核查看此刻運行的 進程類型，並增加與此類型/狀態進程對應的計數器的值。這種方法的問題是 在兩次時間中斷之間系統（進程）能夠在多種狀態之間切換多次，而計數器只 增加最後一種狀態下的計數。h]hXZ那麼這些信息是如何被蒐集的呢？每當時間中斷觸發時，內核查看此刻運行的 進程類型，並增加與此類型/狀態進程對應的計數器的值。這種方法的問題是 在兩次時間中斷之間系統（進程）能夠在多種狀態之間切換多次，而計數器只 增加最後一種狀態下的計數。}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjWhhubh)}(h 舉例 ---h]h 舉例 ---}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK"hjWhhubh)}(hA假設系統有一個進程以如下方式週期性地佔用cpu::h]h@假設系統有一個進程以如下方式週期性地佔用cpu:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK%hjWhhubh literal_block)}(h 兩個時鐘中斷之間的時間線 |-----------------------| ^ ^ |_ 開始運行 | |_ 開始睡眠 （很快會被喚醒）h]h 兩個時鐘中斷之間的時間線 |-----------------------| ^ ^ |_ 開始運行 | |_ 開始睡眠 （很快會被喚醒）}hj(sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j&hhhK'hjWhhubh)}(h在上面的情況下，根據``/proc/stat``的信息（由於當系統處於空閒狀態時， 時間中斷經常會發生）系統的負載將會是0h]h在上面的情況下，根據``/proc/stat``的信息（由於當系統處於空閒狀態時， 時間中斷經常會發生）系統的負載將會是0}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK.hjWhhubh)}(h大家能夠想象內核的這種行爲會發生在許多情況下，這將導致``/proc/stat`` 中存在相當古怪的信息::h]h大家能夠想象內核的這種行爲會發生在許多情況下，這將導致``/proc/stat`` 中存在相當古怪的信息:}(hjDhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK1hjWhhubj')}(hX/* gcc -o hog smallhog.c */ #include #include #include #include #define HIST 10 static volatile sig_atomic_t stop; static void sighandler (int signr) { (void) signr; stop = 1; } static unsigned long hog (unsigned long niters) { stop = 0; while (!stop && --niters); return niters; } int main (void) { int i; struct itimerval it = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 }, .it_value = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 } }; sigset_t set; unsigned long v[HIST]; double tmp = 0.0; unsigned long n; signal (SIGALRM, &sighandler); setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL); hog (ULONG_MAX); for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) v[i] = ULONG_MAX - hog (ULONG_MAX); for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) tmp += v[i]; tmp /= HIST; n = tmp - (tmp / 3.0); sigemptyset (&set); sigaddset (&set, SIGALRM); for (;;) { hog (n); sigwait (&set, &i); } return 0; }h]hX/* gcc -o hog smallhog.c */ #include #include #include #include #define HIST 10 static volatile sig_atomic_t stop; static void sighandler (int signr) { (void) signr; stop = 1; } static unsigned long hog (unsigned long niters) { stop = 0; while (!stop && --niters); return niters; } int main (void) { int i; struct itimerval it = { .it_interval = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 }, .it_value = { .tv_sec = 0, .tv_usec = 1 } }; sigset_t set; unsigned long v[HIST]; double tmp = 0.0; unsigned long n; signal (SIGALRM, &sighandler); setitimer (ITIMER_REAL, &it, NULL); hog (ULONG_MAX); for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) v[i] = ULONG_MAX - hog (ULONG_MAX); for (i = 0; i < HIST; ++i) tmp += v[i]; tmp /= HIST; n = tmp - (tmp / 3.0); sigemptyset (&set); sigaddset (&set, SIGALRM); for (;;) { hog (n); sigwait (&set, &i); } return 0; }}hjRsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j&hhhK4hjWhhubh)}(h 參考 ---h]h 參考 ---}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKehjWhhubh bullet_list)}(hhh](h list_item)}(hAhttps://lore.kernel.org/r/loom.20070212T063225-663@post.gmane.orgh]h)}(hjwh]h)}(hjwh]hAhttps://lore.kernel.org/r/loom.20070212T063225-663@post.gmane.org}(hj|hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurijwuh1hhjyubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhjuubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jshjphhhhhNubjt)}(h*Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst (1.8) h]h)}(h(Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst (1.8)h]h(Documentation/filesystems/proc.rst (1.8)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKihjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jshjphhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]bullet-uh1jnhhhKhhjWhhubh)}(h 謝謝 ---h]h 謝謝 ---}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKlhjWhhubh)}(hCon Kolivas, Pavel Machekh]hCon Kolivas, Pavel Machek}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKohjWhhubeh}(h]cpuah ]h"] cpu 負載ah$]h&]uh1jUhhhhhhhK ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]sourcehuh1hcurrent_sourceN current_lineNsettingsdocutils.frontendValues)}(jZN generatorN datestampN source_linkN source_urlN toc_backlinksentryfootnote_backlinksK sectnum_xformKstrip_commentsNstrip_elements_with_classesN strip_classesN report_levelK halt_levelKexit_status_levelKdebugNwarning_streamN tracebackinput_encoding utf-8-siginput_encoding_error_handlerstrictoutput_encodingutf-8output_encoding_error_handlerjerror_encodingutf-8error_encoding_error_handlerbackslashreplace language_codeenrecord_dependenciesNconfigN id_prefixhauto_id_prefixid dump_settingsNdump_internalsNdump_transformsNdump_pseudo_xmlNexpose_internalsNstrict_visitorN_disable_configN_sourceh _destinationN _config_files]7/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/docutils.confafile_insertion_enabled raw_enabledKline_length_limitM'pep_referencesN pep_base_urlhttps://peps.python.org/pep_file_url_templatepep-%04drfc_referencesN rfc_base_url&https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/ tab_widthKtrim_footnote_reference_spacesyntax_highlightlong smart_quotessmartquotes_locales]character_level_inline_markupdoctitle_xform docinfo_xformKsectsubtitle_xform image_loadinglinkembed_stylesheetcloak_email_addressessection_self_linkenvNubreporterNindirect_targets]substitution_defs}substitution_names}refnames}refids}nameids}jjs nametypes}jsh}jjWs footnote_refs} citation_refs} autofootnotes]autofootnote_refs]symbol_footnotes]symbol_footnote_refs] footnotes] citations]autofootnote_startKsymbol_footnote_startK id_counter collectionsCounter}Rparse_messages](hsystem_message)}(hhh]h)}(heUnexpected possible title overline or transition. Treating it as ordinary text because it's so short.h]hgUnexpected possible title overline or transition. Treating it as ordinary text because it’s so short.}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]levelKtypeINFOlineKsourcehuh1j_hjzubj`)}(hhh]h)}(hfPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it's so short.h]hhPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it’s so short.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj}ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]levelKtypejzlineK#sourcehuh1j_hjWhhhhhK#ubj`)}(hhh]h)}(hfPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it's so short.h]hhPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it’s so short.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]levelKtypejzlineKfsourcehuh1j_hjWhhhhhKfubj`)}(hhh]h)}(hfPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it's so short.h]hhPossible title underline, too short for the title. Treating it as ordinary text because it’s so short.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]levelKtypejzlineKmsourcehuh1j_hjWhhhhhKmubetransform_messages] transformerN include_log]9Documentation/translations/zh_TW/admin-guide/cpu-load.rst(NNNNta decorationNhhub.