sphinx.addnodesdocument)}( rawsourcechildren]( translations LanguagesNode)}(hhh](h pending_xref)}(hhh]docutils.nodesTextChinese (Simplified)}parenthsba attributes}(ids]classes]names]dupnames]backrefs] refdomainstdreftypedoc reftarget$/translations/zh_CN/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicitutagnamehhh ubh)}(hhh]hChinese (Traditional)}hh2sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/zh_TW/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hItalian}hhFsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/it_IT/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hJapanese}hhZsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/ja_JP/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hKorean}hhnsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/ko_KR/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hPortuguese (Brazilian)}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/pt_BR/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hSpanish}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/sp_SP/filesystems/procmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]current_languageEnglishuh1h hh _documenthsourceNlineNubhcomment)}(h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0h]h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] xml:spacepreserveuh1hhhhhh>/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/filesystems/proc.rsthKubhsection)}(hhh](htitle)}(hThe /proc Filesystemh]hThe /proc Filesystem}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubhtable)}(hhh]htgroup)}(hhh](hcolspec)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhhubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK'uh1hhhubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhhubhtbody)}(hhh](hrow)}(hhh](hentry)}(hhh]h paragraph)}(h /proc/sysh]h /proc/sys}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hDTerrehon Bowden , Bodo Bauer h](hTerrehon Bowden <}(hj/hhhNhNubh reference)}(hterrehon@pacbell.neth]hterrehon@pacbell.net}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurimailto:terrehon@pacbell.netuh1j7hj/ubh>, Bodo Bauer <}(hj/hhhNhNubj8)}(hbb@ricochet.neth]hbb@ricochet.net}(hjMhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurimailto:bb@ricochet.netuh1j7hj/ubh>}(hj/hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hOctober 7 1999h]hOctober 7 1999}(hjphhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjmubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h 2.4.x updateh]h 2.4.x update}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h&Jorge Nerin h](h Jorge Nerin <}(hjhhhNhNubj8)}(hcomandante@zaralinux.comh]hcomandante@zaralinux.com}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurimailto:comandante@zaralinux.comuh1j7hjubh>}(hjhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hNovember 14 2000h]hNovember 14 2000}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmove /proc/sysh]hmove /proc/sys}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hShen Feng h](h Shen Feng <}(hj hhhNhNubj8)}(hshen@cn.fujitsu.comh]hshen@cn.fujitsu.com}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurimailto:shen@cn.fujitsu.comuh1j7hj ubh>}(hj hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h April 1 2009h]h April 1 2009}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hj1ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hfixes/update part 1.1h]hfixes/update part 1.1}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjQubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjNubj)}(hhh]j)}(h%Stefani Seibold h](hStefani Seibold <}(hjkhhhNhNubj8)}(hstefani@seibold.neth]hstefani@seibold.net}(hjshhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurimailto:stefani@seibold.netuh1j7hjkubh>}(hjkhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjNubj)}(hhh]j)}(h June 9 2009h]h June 9 2009}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhNubh)}(hXTable of Contents 0 Preface 0.1 Introduction/Credits 0.2 Legal Stuff 1 Collecting System Information 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories 1.2 Kernel data 1.3 Networking info in /proc/net 1.4 SCSI info 1.5 Parallel port info in /proc/parport 1.6 TTY info in /proc/tty 1.7 Miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/stat 1.8 Ext4 file system parameters 1.9 /proc/consoles - Shows registered system consoles 2 Modifying System Parameters 3 Per-Process Parameters 3.1 /proc//oom_adj & /proc//oom_score_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score 3.2 /proc//oom_score - Display current oom-killer score 3.3 /proc//io - Display the IO accounting fields 3.4 /proc//coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings 3.5 /proc//mountinfo - Information about mounts 3.6 /proc//comm & /proc//task//comm 3.7 /proc//task//children - Information about task children 3.8 /proc//fdinfo/ - Information about opened file 3.9 /proc//map_files - Information about memory mapped files 3.10 /proc//timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value 3.11 /proc//patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state 3.12 /proc//arch_status - Task architecture specific information 3.13 /proc//fd - List of symlinks to open files 3.14 /proc//ksm_stat - Information about the process's ksm status. 4 Configuring procfs 4.1 Mount options 4.2 Mount restrictions 5 Filesystem behaviorh]hXTable of Contents 0 Preface 0.1 Introduction/Credits 0.2 Legal Stuff 1 Collecting System Information 1.1 Process-Specific Subdirectories 1.2 Kernel data 1.3 Networking info in /proc/net 1.4 SCSI info 1.5 Parallel port info in /proc/parport 1.6 TTY info in /proc/tty 1.7 Miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/stat 1.8 Ext4 file system parameters 1.9 /proc/consoles - Shows registered system consoles 2 Modifying System Parameters 3 Per-Process Parameters 3.1 /proc//oom_adj & /proc//oom_score_adj - Adjust the oom-killer score 3.2 /proc//oom_score - Display current oom-killer score 3.3 /proc//io - Display the IO accounting fields 3.4 /proc//coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings 3.5 /proc//mountinfo - Information about mounts 3.6 /proc//comm & /proc//task//comm 3.7 /proc//task//children - Information about task children 3.8 /proc//fdinfo/ - Information about opened file 3.9 /proc//map_files - Information about memory mapped files 3.10 /proc//timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value 3.11 /proc//patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state 3.12 /proc//arch_status - Task architecture specific information 3.13 /proc//fd - List of symlinks to open files 3.14 /proc//ksm_stat - Information about the process's ksm status. 4 Configuring procfs 4.1 Mount options 4.2 Mount restrictions 5 Filesystem behavior}hjsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1hhhhhhhhK:ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hPrefaceh]hPreface}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhK or to any of its contained files or subdirectories does not prevent from being reused for some other process in the event that exits. Operations on open /proc/ file descriptors corresponding to dead processes never act on any new process that the kernel may, through chance, have also assigned the process ID . Instead, operations on these FDs usually fail with ESRCH.h]hXNote that an open file descriptor to /proc/ or to any of its contained files or subdirectories does not prevent from being reused for some other process in the event that exits. Operations on open /proc/ file descriptors corresponding to dead processes never act on any new process that the kernel may, through chance, have also assigned the process ID . Instead, operations on these FDs usually fail with ESRCH.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKyhjhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h,Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proch]h,Table 1-1: Process specific entries in /proc}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK?uh1hhjubhthead)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h clear_refsh]h clear_refs}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h1Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps outputh]h1Clears page referenced bits shown in smaps output}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcmdlineh]hcmdline}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hCommand line argumentsh]hCommand line arguments}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjOubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcpuh]hcpu}(hjrhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjoubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjlubj)}(hhh]j)}(h:Current and last cpu in which it was executed (2.4)(smp)h]h:Current and last cpu in which it was executed (2.4)(smp)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjlubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcwdh]hcwd}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h%Link to the current working directoryh]h%Link to the current working directory}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(henvironh]henviron}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hValues of environment variablesh]hValues of environment variables}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hexeh]hexe}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h&Link to the executable of this processh]h&Link to the executable of this process}(hj.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hfdh]hfd}(hjNhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjHubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.Directory, which contains all file descriptorsh]h.Directory, which contains all file descriptors}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjbubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjHubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmapsh]hmaps}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h5Memory maps to executables and library files (2.4)h]h5Memory maps to executables and library files (2.4)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmemh]hmem}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hMemory held by this processh]hMemory held by this process}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hrooth]hroot}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h*Link to the root directory of this processh]h*Link to the root directory of this process}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstath]hstat}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj'ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj$ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hProcess statush]hProcess status}(hjAhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj>ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj$ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstatmh]hstatm}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj^ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h!Process memory status informationh]h!Process memory status information}(hjxhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjuubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstatush]hstatus}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h%Process status in human readable formh]h%Process status in human readable form}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hwchanh]hwchan}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsPresent with CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y: it shows the kernel function symbol the task is blocked in - or "0" if not blocked.h]hwPresent with CONFIG_KALLSYMS=y: it shows the kernel function symbol the task is blocked in - or “0” if not blocked.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpagemaph]hpagemap}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h Page tableh]h Page table}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstackh]hstack}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h5Report full stack trace, enable via CONFIG_STACKTRACEh]h5Report full stack trace, enable via CONFIG_STACKTRACE}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjQubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsmapsh]hsmaps}(hjthhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjqubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjnubj)}(hhh]j)}(hgAn extension based on maps, showing the memory consumption of each mapping and flags associated with ith]hgAn extension based on maps, showing the memory consumption of each mapping and flags associated with it}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjnubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h smaps_rolluph]h smaps_rollup}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h{Accumulated smaps stats for all mappings of the process. This can be derived from smaps, but is faster and more convenienth]h{Accumulated smaps stats for all mappings of the process. This can be derived from smaps, but is faster and more convenient}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h numa_mapsh]h numa_maps}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h{An extension based on maps, showing the memory locality and binding policy as well as mem usage (in pages) of each mapping.h]h{An extension based on maps, showing the memory locality and binding policy as well as mem usage (in pages) of each mapping.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjubeh}(h]id9ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhNubj)}(hoFor example, to get the status information of a process, all you have to do is read the file /proc/PID/status::h]hnFor example, to get the status information of a process, all you have to do is read the file /proc/PID/status:}(hj' hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubh literal_block)}(hXn>cat /proc/self/status Name: cat State: R (running) Tgid: 5452 Pid: 5452 PPid: 743 TracerPid: 0 (2.4) Uid: 501 501 501 501 Gid: 100 100 100 100 FDSize: 256 Groups: 100 14 16 Kthread: 0 VmPeak: 5004 kB VmSize: 5004 kB VmLck: 0 kB VmHWM: 476 kB VmRSS: 476 kB RssAnon: 352 kB RssFile: 120 kB RssShmem: 4 kB VmData: 156 kB VmStk: 88 kB VmExe: 68 kB VmLib: 1412 kB VmPTE: 20 kb VmSwap: 0 kB HugetlbPages: 0 kB CoreDumping: 0 THP_enabled: 1 Threads: 1 SigQ: 0/28578 SigPnd: 0000000000000000 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000 SigBlk: 0000000000000000 SigIgn: 0000000000000000 SigCgt: 0000000000000000 CapInh: 00000000fffffeff CapPrm: 0000000000000000 CapEff: 0000000000000000 CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff CapAmb: 0000000000000000 NoNewPrivs: 0 Seccomp: 0 Speculation_Store_Bypass: thread vulnerable SpeculationIndirectBranch: conditional enabled voluntary_ctxt_switches: 0 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 1h]hXn>cat /proc/self/status Name: cat State: R (running) Tgid: 5452 Pid: 5452 PPid: 743 TracerPid: 0 (2.4) Uid: 501 501 501 501 Gid: 100 100 100 100 FDSize: 256 Groups: 100 14 16 Kthread: 0 VmPeak: 5004 kB VmSize: 5004 kB VmLck: 0 kB VmHWM: 476 kB VmRSS: 476 kB RssAnon: 352 kB RssFile: 120 kB RssShmem: 4 kB VmData: 156 kB VmStk: 88 kB VmExe: 68 kB VmLib: 1412 kB VmPTE: 20 kb VmSwap: 0 kB HugetlbPages: 0 kB CoreDumping: 0 THP_enabled: 1 Threads: 1 SigQ: 0/28578 SigPnd: 0000000000000000 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000 SigBlk: 0000000000000000 SigIgn: 0000000000000000 SigCgt: 0000000000000000 CapInh: 00000000fffffeff CapPrm: 0000000000000000 CapEff: 0000000000000000 CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff CapAmb: 0000000000000000 NoNewPrivs: 0 Seccomp: 0 Speculation_Store_Bypass: thread vulnerable SpeculationIndirectBranch: conditional enabled voluntary_ctxt_switches: 0 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 1}hj7 sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhKhjhhubj)}(hX)This shows you nearly the same information you would get if you viewed it with the ps command. In fact, ps uses the proc file system to obtain its information. But you get a more detailed view of the process by reading the file /proc/PID/status. It fields are described in table 1-2.h]hX)This shows you nearly the same information you would get if you viewed it with the ps command. In fact, ps uses the proc file system to obtain its information. But you get a more detailed view of the process by reading the file /proc/PID/status. It fields are described in table 1-2.}(hjE hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubj)}(hThe statm file contains more detailed information about the process memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-3. The stat file contains detailed information about the process itself. Its fields are explained in Table 1-4.h]hThe statm file contains more detailed information about the process memory usage. Its seven fields are explained in Table 1-3. The stat file contains detailed information about the process itself. Its fields are explained in Table 1-4.}(hjS hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubj)}(h(for SMP CONFIG users)h]h(for SMP CONFIG users)}(hja hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubj)}(hFor making accounting scalable, RSS related information are handled in an asynchronous manner and the value may not be very precise. To see a precise snapshot of a moment, you can see /proc//smaps file and scan page table. It's slow but very precise.h]hXFor making accounting scalable, RSS related information are handled in an asynchronous manner and the value may not be very precise. To see a precise snapshot of a moment, you can see /proc//smaps file and scan page table. 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PR_SET_THP_DISABLE is set on the process to disable THP completely, not just partially)}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjPubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hThreadsh]hThreads}(hjshhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjpubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjmubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of threadsh]hnumber of threads}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjmubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hSigQh]hSigQ}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.number of signals queued/max. number for queueh]h.number of signals queued/max. number for queue}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hSigPndh]hSigPnd}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(bitmap of pending signals for the threadh]h(bitmap of pending signals for the thread}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h 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]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of caught signalsh]hbitmap of caught signals}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCapInhh]hCapInh}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h"bitmap of inheritable capabilitiesh]h"bitmap of inheritable capabilities}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCapPrmh]hCapPrm}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h bitmap of permitted capabilitiesh]h bitmap of permitted capabilities}(hjBhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj?ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCapEffh]hCapEff}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj_ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h bitmap of effective capabilitiesh]h bitmap of effective capabilities}(hjyhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjvubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCapBndh]hCapBnd}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h#bitmap of capabilities bounding seth]h#bitmap of capabilities bounding set}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCapAmbh]hCapAmb}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of ambient capabilitiesh]hbitmap of ambient capabilities}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h NoNewPrivsh]h NoNewPrivs}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM!hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h1no_new_privs, like prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIV, ...)h]h1no_new_privs, like prctl(PR_GET_NO_NEW_PRIV, ...)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM!hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hSeccomph]hSeccomp}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM"hj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h-seccomp mode, like prctl(PR_GET_SECCOMP, ...)h]h-seccomp mode, like prctl(PR_GET_SECCOMP, ...)}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM"hjRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hSpeculation_Store_Bypassh]hSpeculation_Store_Bypass}(hjuhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM#hjrubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjoubj)}(hhh]j)}(h*speculative store bypass mitigation statush]h*speculative store bypass mitigation status}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM#hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjoubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hSpeculationIndirectBranchh]hSpeculationIndirectBranch}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM$hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h indirect branch speculation modeh]h indirect branch speculation mode}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM$hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h Cpus_allowedh]h Cpus_allowed}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM%hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h*mask of CPUs on which this process may runh]h*mask of CPUs on which this process may run}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM%hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hCpus_allowed_listh]hCpus_allowed_list}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM&hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h&Same as previous, but in "list format"h]h*Same as previous, but in “list format”}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM&hj.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h Mems_allowedh]h Mems_allowed}(hjQhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM'hjNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(h,mask of memory nodes allowed to this processh]h,mask of memory nodes allowed to this process}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM'hjeubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hMems_allowed_listh]hMems_allowed_list}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM(hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h&Same as previous, but in "list format"h]h*Same as previous, but in “list format”}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM(hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hvoluntary_ctxt_switchesh]hvoluntary_ctxt_switches}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM)hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h$number of voluntary context switchesh]h$number of voluntary context switches}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM)hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hnonvoluntary_ctxt_switchesh]hnonvoluntary_ctxt_switches}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM*hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(number of non voluntary context switchesh]h(number of non voluntary context switches}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM*hj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj} ubeh}(h]id10ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhNubh)}(hhh](h)}(h9Table 1-3: Contents of the statm fields (as of 2.6.8-rc3)h]h9Table 1-3: Contents of the statm fields (as of 2.6.8-rc3)}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhM.hj;ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhjLubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhjLubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhjLubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFieldh]hField}(hjvhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM1hjsubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjpubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM1hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjpubj)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjpubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjmubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjLubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsizeh]hsize}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM3hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(htotal program size (pages)h]htotal program size (pages)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM3hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(same as VmSize in status)h]h(same as VmSize in status)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM3hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hresidenth]hresident}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM4hj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsize of memory portions (pages)h]hsize of memory portions (pages)}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM4hj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(same as VmRSS in status)h]h(same as VmRSS in status)}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM4hj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsharedh]hshared}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM5hjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of pages that are sharedh]hnumber of pages that are shared}(hjrhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM5hjoubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubj)}(hhh]j)}(h;(i.e. backed by a file, same as RssFile+RssShmem in status)h]h;(i.e. backed by a file, same as RssFile+RssShmem in status)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM5hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htrsh]htrs}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM7hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of pages that are 'code'h]h#number of pages that are ‘code’}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM7hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h3(not including libs; broken, includes data segment)h]h3(not including libs; broken, includes data segment)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM7hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hlrsh]hlrs}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM9hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of pages of libraryh]hnumber of pages of library}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM9hj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(always 0 on 2.6)h]h(always 0 on 2.6)}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM9hj"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdrsh]hdrs}(hjEhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM:hjBubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj?ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of pages of data/stackh]hnumber of pages of data/stack}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM:hjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj?ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h/(including libs; broken, includes library text)h]h/(including libs; broken, includes library text)}(hjshhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM:hjpubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj?ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdth]hdt}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM<hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of dirty pagesh]hnumber of dirty pages}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM<hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(always 0 on 2.6)h]h(always 0 on 2.6)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM<hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjLubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj;ubeh}(h]id11ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhNubh)}(hhh](h)}(h9Table 1-4: Contents of the stat fields (as of 2.6.30-rc7)h]h9Table 1-4: Contents of the stat fields (as of 2.6.30-rc7)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhM@hjubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK?uh1hhjubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFieldh]hField}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMChjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMChj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpidh]hpid}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMEhj]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubj)}(hhh]j)}(h process idh]h process id}(hjwhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMEhjtubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htcommh]htcomm}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMFhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hfilename of the executableh]hfilename of the executable}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMFhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstateh]hstate}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMGhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hrstate (R is running, S is sleeping, D is sleeping in an uninterruptible wait, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped)h]hrstate (R is running, S is sleeping, D is sleeping in an uninterruptible wait, Z is zombie, T is traced or stopped)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMGhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hppidh]hppid}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMIhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h process id of the parent processh]h process id of the parent process}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMIhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpgrph]hpgrp}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMJhj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hpgrp of the processh]hpgrp of the process}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMJhjPubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsidh]hsid}(hjshhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhjpubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjmubj)}(hhh]j)}(h session idh]h session id}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjmubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htty_nrh]htty_nr}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(htty the process usesh]htty the process uses}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htty_pgrph]htty_pgrp}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hpgrp of the ttyh]hpgrp of the tty}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMMhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hflagsh]hflags}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h task flagsh]h task flags}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj 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child'sh]h%number of major faults with child’s}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMRhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hutimeh]hutime}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(huser mode jiffiesh]huser mode jiffies}(hjBhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShj?ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstimeh]hstime}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMThj_ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hkernel mode jiffiesh]hkernel mode jiffies}(hjyhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMThjvubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcutimeh]hcutime}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMUhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(huser mode jiffies with child'sh]h user mode jiffies with child’s}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMUhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj 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]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM]hjNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(hresident set memory sizeh]hresident set memory size}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM]hjeubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hrsslimh]hrsslim}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h!current limit in bytes on the rssh]h!current limit in bytes on the rss}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h start_codeh]h start_code}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(address above which program text can runh]h(address above which program text can run}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hend_codeh]hend_code}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM`hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(address below which program text can runh]h(address below which program text can run}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM`hj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h start_stackh]h start_stack}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMahj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.address of the start of the main process stackh]h.address of the start of the main process stack}(hjDhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMahjAubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hesph]hesp}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hcurrent value of ESPh]hcurrent value of ESP}(hj{hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhjxubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(heiph]heip}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hcurrent value of EIPh]hcurrent value of EIP}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpendingh]hpending}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMdhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of pending signalsh]hbitmap of pending signals}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMdhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hblockedh]hblocked}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMehj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of blocked signalsh]hbitmap of blocked signals}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMehj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsigignh]hsigign}(hj@ hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhj= ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj: ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of ignored signalsh]hbitmap of ignored signals}(hjW hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhjT ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj: ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsigcatchh]hsigcatch}(hjw hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMghjt ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hbitmap of caught signalsh]hbitmap of caught signals}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMghj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h0h]h0}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hI(place holder, used to be the wchan address, use /proc/PID/wchan instead)h]hI(place holder, used to be the wchan address, use /proc/PID/wchan instead)}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hj h]h0}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMjhj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(place holder)h]h(place holder)}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMjhj ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hj h]h0}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMkhj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(place holder)h]h(place holder)}(hj1!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMkhj.!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h exit_signalh]h exit_signal}(hjQ!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMlhjN!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjK!ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h'signal to send to parent thread on exith]h'signal to send to parent thread on exit}(hjh!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMlhje!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjK!ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htask_cpuh]htask_cpu}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMmhj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h"which CPU the task is scheduled onh]h"which CPU the task is scheduled on}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMmhj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h rt_priorityh]h rt_priority}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMnhj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hrealtime priorityh]hrealtime priority}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMnhj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpolicyh]hpolicy}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMohj!ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h*scheduling policy (man sched_setscheduler)h]h*scheduling policy (man sched_setscheduler)}(hj "hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMohj "ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h blkio_ticksh]h blkio_ticks}(hj-"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMphj*"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'"ubj)}(hhh]j)}(htime spent waiting for block IOh]htime spent waiting for block IO}(hjD"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMphjA"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'"ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hgtimeh]hgtime}(hjd"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMqhja"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^"ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h!guest time of the task in jiffiesh]h!guest time of the task in jiffies}(hj{"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMqhjx"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^"ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcgtimeh]hcgtime}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMrhj"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj"ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h*guest time of the task children in jiffiesh]h*guest time of the task children in jiffies}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMrhj"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj"ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h start_datah]h start_data}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMshj"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj"ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.address above which program data+bss is placedh]h.address above which program data+bss is placed}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMshj"ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj"ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hend_datah]hend_data}(hj #hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMthj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.address below which program data+bss is placedh]h.address below which program data+bss is placed}(hj #hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMthj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h start_brkh]h start_brk}(hj@#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMuhj=#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:#ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h;address above which program heap can be expanded with brk()h]h;address above which program heap can be expanded with brk()}(hjW#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMuhjT#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:#ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h arg_starth]h arg_start}(hjw#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMvhjt#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq#ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h2address above which program command line is placedh]h2address above which program command line is placed}(hj#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMvhj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq#ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(harg_endh]harg_end}(hj#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMwhj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h2address below which program command line is placedh]h2address below which program command line is placed}(hj#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMwhj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h env_starth]h env_start}(hj#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMxhj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h1address above which program environment is placedh]h1address above which program environment is placed}(hj#hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMxhj#ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(henv_endh]henv_end}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMyhj$ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj$ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h1address below which program environment is placedh]h1address below which program environment is placed}(hj3$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMyhj0$ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj$ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h exit_codeh]h exit_code}(hjS$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMzhjP$ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjM$ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hFthe thread's exit_code in the form reported by the waitpid system callh]hHthe thread’s exit_code in the form reported by the waitpid system call}(hjj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMzhjg$ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjM$ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjubeh}(h]id12ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhNubj)}(hbThe /proc/PID/maps file contains the currently mapped memory regions and their access permissions.h]hbThe /proc/PID/maps file contains the currently mapped memory regions and their access permissions.}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM~hjhhubj)}(hThe format is::h]hThe format is:}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(hXaddress perms offset dev inode pathname 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312 /opt/test 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test 0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]h]hXaddress perms offset dev inode pathname 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8312 /opt/test 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00001000 03:00 8312 /opt/test 0804a000-0806b000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [heap] a7cb1000-a7cb2000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 a7cb2000-a7eb2000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb2000-a7eb3000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 a7eb3000-a7ed5000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a7ed5000-a8008000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a8008000-a800a000 r--p 00133000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a800a000-a800b000 rw-p 00135000 03:00 4222 /lib/libc.so.6 a800b000-a800e000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a800e000-a8022000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8022000-a8023000 r--p 00013000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8023000-a8024000 rw-p 00014000 03:00 14462 /lib/libpthread.so.0 a8024000-a8027000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 a8027000-a8043000 r-xp 00000000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 a8043000-a8044000 r--p 0001b000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 a8044000-a8045000 rw-p 0001c000 03:00 8317 /lib/ld-linux.so.2 aff35000-aff4a000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0 [stack] ffffe000-fffff000 r-xp 00000000 00:00 0 [vdso]}hj$sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hgwhere "address" is the address space in the process that it occupies, "perms" is a set of permissions::h]hnwhere “address” is the address space in the process that it occupies, “perms” is a set of permissions:}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(hEr = read w = write x = execute s = shared p = private (copy on write)h]hEr = read w = write x = execute s = shared p = private (copy on write)}hj$sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hXZ"offset" is the offset into the mapping, "dev" is the device (major:minor), and "inode" is the inode on that device. 0 indicates that no inode is associated with the memory region, as the case would be with BSS (uninitialized data). The "pathname" shows the name associated file for this mapping. If the mapping is not associated with a file:h]hXj“offset” is the offset into the mapping, “dev” is the device (major:minor), and “inode” is the inode on that device. 0 indicates that no inode is associated with the memory region, as the case would be with BSS (uninitialized data). The “pathname” shows the name associated file for this mapping. If the mapping is not associated with a file:}(hj$hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubh block_quote)}(hX=================== =========================================== [heap] the heap of the program [stack] the stack of the main process [vdso] the "virtual dynamic shared object", the kernel system call handler [anon:] a private anonymous mapping that has been named by userspace [anon_shmem:] an anonymous shared memory mapping that has been named by userspace =================== =========================================== or if empty, the mapping is anonymous. h](h)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhj$ubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK+uh1hhj$ubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h[heap]h]h[heap]}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hthe heap of the programh]hthe heap of the program}(hj,%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj)%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj %ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h[stack]h]h[stack]}(hjL%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjI%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjF%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hthe stack of the main processh]hthe stack of the main process}(hjc%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjF%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj %ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h[vdso]h]h[vdso]}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj}%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hCthe "virtual dynamic shared object", the kernel system call handlerh]hGthe “virtual dynamic shared object”, the kernel system call handler}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj}%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj %ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h [anon:]h]h [anon:]}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h]h]h[anon_shmem:]}(hj%hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hCan anonymous shared memory mapping that has been named by userspaceh]hCan anonymous shared memory mapping that has been named by userspace}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj&ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj %ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj$ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj$ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj$ubj)}(h&or if empty, the mapping is anonymous.h]h&or if empty, the mapping is anonymous.}(hj5&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj$ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhjhhubj)}(hXStarting with 6.11 kernel, /proc/PID/maps provides an alternative ioctl()-based API that gives ability to flexibly and efficiently query and filter individual VMAs. This interface is binary and is meant for more efficient and easy programmatic use. `struct procmap_query`, defined in linux/fs.h UAPI header, serves as an input/output argument to the `PROCMAP_QUERY` ioctl() command. See comments in linus/fs.h UAPI header for details on query semantics, supported flags, data returned, and general API usage information.h](hStarting with 6.11 kernel, /proc/PID/maps provides an alternative ioctl()-based API that gives ability to flexibly and efficiently query and filter individual VMAs. This interface is binary and is meant for more efficient and easy programmatic use. }(hjI&hhhNhNubj4)}(h`struct procmap_query`h]hstruct procmap_query}(hjQ&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j3hjI&ubhO, defined in linux/fs.h UAPI header, serves as an input/output argument to the }(hjI&hhhNhNubj4)}(h`PROCMAP_QUERY`h]h PROCMAP_QUERY}(hjc&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j3hjI&ubh ioctl() command. See comments in linus/fs.h UAPI header for details on query semantics, supported flags, data returned, and general API usage information.}(hjI&hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hThe /proc/PID/smaps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory consumption for each of the process's mappings. For each mapping (aka Virtual Memory Area, or VMA) there is a series of lines such as the following::h]hThe /proc/PID/smaps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory consumption for each of the process’s mappings. For each mapping (aka Virtual Memory Area, or VMA) there is a series of lines such as the following:}(hj{&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(hX08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash Size: 1084 kB KernelPageSize: 4 kB MMUPageSize: 4 kB Rss: 892 kB Pss: 374 kB Pss_Dirty: 0 kB Shared_Clean: 892 kB Shared_Dirty: 0 kB Private_Clean: 0 kB Private_Dirty: 0 kB Referenced: 892 kB Anonymous: 0 kB KSM: 0 kB LazyFree: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 0 kB FilePmdMapped: 0 kB ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB Shared_Hugetlb: 0 kB Private_Hugetlb: 0 kB Swap: 0 kB SwapPss: 0 kB Locked: 0 kB THPeligible: 0 VmFlags: rd ex mr mw me dwh]hX08048000-080bc000 r-xp 00000000 03:02 13130 /bin/bash Size: 1084 kB KernelPageSize: 4 kB MMUPageSize: 4 kB Rss: 892 kB Pss: 374 kB Pss_Dirty: 0 kB Shared_Clean: 892 kB Shared_Dirty: 0 kB Private_Clean: 0 kB Private_Dirty: 0 kB Referenced: 892 kB Anonymous: 0 kB KSM: 0 kB LazyFree: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 0 kB FilePmdMapped: 0 kB ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB Shared_Hugetlb: 0 kB Private_Hugetlb: 0 kB Swap: 0 kB SwapPss: 0 kB Locked: 0 kB THPeligible: 0 VmFlags: rd ex mr mw me dw}hj&sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hXWThe first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed for the mapping in /proc/PID/maps. Following lines show the size of the mapping (size); the smallest possible page size allocated when backing a VMA (KernelPageSize), which is the granularity in which VMA modifications can be performed; the smallest possible page size that could be used by the MMU (MMUPageSize) when backing a VMA; the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM (RSS); the process's proportional share of this mapping (PSS); and the number of clean and dirty shared and private pages in the mapping.h]hXYThe first of these lines shows the same information as is displayed for the mapping in /proc/PID/maps. Following lines show the size of the mapping (size); the smallest possible page size allocated when backing a VMA (KernelPageSize), which is the granularity in which VMA modifications can be performed; the smallest possible page size that could be used by the MMU (MMUPageSize) when backing a VMA; the amount of the mapping that is currently resident in RAM (RSS); the process’s proportional share of this mapping (PSS); and the number of clean and dirty shared and private pages in the mapping.}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hX"KernelPageSize" always corresponds to "MMUPageSize", except when a larger kernel page size is emulated on a system with a smaller page size used by the MMU, which is the case for some PPC64 setups with hugetlb. Furthermore, "KernelPageSize" and "MMUPageSize" always correspond to the smallest possible granularity (fallback) that can be encountered in a VMA throughout its lifetime. These values are not affected by Transparent Huge Pages being in effect, or any usage of larger MMU page sizes (either through architectural huge-page mappings or other explicit/implicit coalescing of virtual ranges performed by the MMU). "AnonHugePages", "ShmemPmdMapped" and "FilePmdMapped" provide insight into the usage of PMD-level architectural huge-page mappings.h]hX“KernelPageSize” always corresponds to “MMUPageSize”, except when a larger kernel page size is emulated on a system with a smaller page size used by the MMU, which is the case for some PPC64 setups with hugetlb. Furthermore, “KernelPageSize” and “MMUPageSize” always correspond to the smallest possible granularity (fallback) that can be encountered in a VMA throughout its lifetime. These values are not affected by Transparent Huge Pages being in effect, or any usage of larger MMU page sizes (either through architectural huge-page mappings or other explicit/implicit coalescing of virtual ranges performed by the MMU). “AnonHugePages”, “ShmemPmdMapped” and “FilePmdMapped” provide insight into the usage of PMD-level architectural huge-page mappings.}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXThe "proportional set size" (PSS) of a process is the count of pages it has in memory, where each page is divided by the number of processes sharing it. So if a process has 1000 pages all to itself, and 1000 shared with one other process, its PSS will be 1500. "Pss_Dirty" is the portion of PSS which consists of dirty pages. ("Pss_Clean" is not included, but it can be calculated by subtracting "Pss_Dirty" from "Pss".)h]hXThe “proportional set size” (PSS) of a process is the count of pages it has in memory, where each page is divided by the number of processes sharing it. So if a process has 1000 pages all to itself, and 1000 shared with one other process, its PSS will be 1500. “Pss_Dirty” is the portion of PSS which consists of dirty pages. (“Pss_Clean” is not included, but it can be calculated by subtracting “Pss_Dirty” from “Pss”.)}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hTraditionally, a page is accounted as "private" if it is mapped exactly once, and a page is accounted as "shared" when mapped multiple times, even when mapped in the same process multiple times. Note that this accounting is independent of MAP_SHARED.h]hXTraditionally, a page is accounted as “private” if it is mapped exactly once, and a page is accounted as “shared” when mapped multiple times, even when mapped in the same process multiple times. Note that this accounting is independent of MAP_SHARED.}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXIn some kernel configurations, the semantics of pages part of a larger allocation (e.g., THP) can differ: a page is accounted as "private" if all pages part of the corresponding large allocation are *certainly* mapped in the same process, even if the page is mapped multiple times in that process. A page is accounted as "shared" if any page of the larger allocation is *maybe* mapped in a different process. In some cases, a large allocation might be treated as "maybe mapped by multiple processes" even though this is no longer the case.h](hIn some kernel configurations, the semantics of pages part of a larger allocation (e.g., THP) can differ: a page is accounted as “private” if all pages part of the corresponding large allocation are }(hj&hhhNhNubhemphasis)}(h *certainly*h]h certainly}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hj&ubh mapped in the same process, even if the page is mapped multiple times in that process. A page is accounted as “shared” if any page of the larger allocation is }(hj&hhhNhNubj&)}(h*maybe*h]hmaybe}(hj&hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hj&ubh mapped in a different process. In some cases, a large allocation might be treated as “maybe mapped by multiple processes” even though this is no longer the case.}(hj&hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXWSome kernel configurations do not track the precise number of times a page part of a larger allocation is mapped. In this case, when calculating the PSS, the average number of mappings per page in this larger allocation might be used as an approximation for the number of mappings of a page. The PSS calculation will be imprecise in this case.h]hXWSome kernel configurations do not track the precise number of times a page part of a larger allocation is mapped. In this case, when calculating the PSS, the average number of mappings per page in this larger allocation might be used as an approximation for the number of mappings of a page. The PSS calculation will be imprecise in this case.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjhhubj)}(hW"Referenced" indicates the amount of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed.h]h[“Referenced” indicates the amount of memory currently marked as referenced or accessed.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(h"Anonymous" shows the amount of memory that does not belong to any file. Even a mapping associated with a file may contain anonymous pages: when MAP_PRIVATE and a page is modified, the file page is replaced by a private anonymous copy.h]h“Anonymous” shows the amount of memory that does not belong to any file. Even a mapping associated with a file may contain anonymous pages: when MAP_PRIVATE and a page is modified, the file page is replaced by a private anonymous copy.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hz"KSM" reports how many of the pages are KSM pages. Note that KSM-placed zeropages are not included, only actual KSM pages.h]h~“KSM” reports how many of the pages are KSM pages. Note that KSM-placed zeropages are not included, only actual KSM pages.}(hj-'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXg"LazyFree" shows the amount of memory which is marked by madvise(MADV_FREE). The memory isn't freed immediately with madvise(). It's freed in memory pressure if the memory is clean. Please note that the printed value might be lower than the real value due to optimizations used in the current implementation. If this is not desirable please file a bug report.h]hXo“LazyFree” shows the amount of memory which is marked by madvise(MADV_FREE). The memory isn’t freed immediately with madvise(). It’s freed in memory pressure if the memory is clean. Please note that the printed value might be lower than the real value due to optimizations used in the current implementation. If this is not desirable please file a bug report.}(hj;'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXy"AnonHugePages", "ShmemPmdMapped" and "FilePmdMapped" show the amount of memory backed by Transparent Huge Pages that are currently mapped by architectural huge-page mappings at the PMD level. "AnonHugePages" corresponds to memory that does not belong to a file, "ShmemPmdMapped" to shared memory (shmem/tmpfs) and "FilePmdMapped" to file-backed memory (excluding shmem/tmpfs).h]hX“AnonHugePages”, “ShmemPmdMapped” and “FilePmdMapped” show the amount of memory backed by Transparent Huge Pages that are currently mapped by architectural huge-page mappings at the PMD level. “AnonHugePages” corresponds to memory that does not belong to a file, “ShmemPmdMapped” to shared memory (shmem/tmpfs) and “FilePmdMapped” to file-backed memory (excluding shmem/tmpfs).}(hjI'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hThere are no dedicated entries for Transparent Huge Pages (or similar concepts) that are not mapped by architectural huge-page mappings at the PMD level.h]hThere are no dedicated entries for Transparent Huge Pages (or similar concepts) that are not mapped by architectural huge-page mappings at the PMD level.}(hjW'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM&hjhhubj)}(h"Shared_Hugetlb" and "Private_Hugetlb" show the amounts of memory backed by hugetlbfs page which is *not* counted in "RSS" or "PSS" field for historical reasons. And these are not included in {Shared,Private}_{Clean,Dirty} field.h](hl“Shared_Hugetlb” and “Private_Hugetlb” show the amounts of memory backed by hugetlbfs page which is }(hje'hhhNhNubj&)}(h*not*h]hnot}(hjm'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hje'ubh counted in “RSS” or “PSS” field for historical reasons. And these are not included in {Shared,Private}_{Clean,Dirty} field.}(hje'hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM)hjhhubj)}(hN"Swap" shows how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap.h]hR“Swap” shows how much would-be-anonymous memory is also used, but out on swap.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM-hjhhubj)}(hXmFor shmem mappings, "Swap" includes also the size of the mapped (and not replaced by copy-on-write) part of the underlying shmem object out on swap. "SwapPss" shows proportional swap share of this mapping. Unlike "Swap", this does not take into account swapped out page of underlying shmem objects. "Locked" indicates whether the mapping is locked in memory or not.h]hX}For shmem mappings, “Swap” includes also the size of the mapped (and not replaced by copy-on-write) part of the underlying shmem object out on swap. “SwapPss” shows proportional swap share of this mapping. Unlike “Swap”, this does not take into account swapped out page of underlying shmem objects. “Locked” indicates whether the mapping is locked in memory or not.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM/hjhhubj)}(h"THPeligible" indicates whether the mapping is eligible for allocating naturally aligned THP pages of any currently enabled size. 1 if true, 0 otherwise.h]h“THPeligible” indicates whether the mapping is eligible for allocating naturally aligned THP pages of any currently enabled size. 1 if true, 0 otherwise.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM5hjhhubj)}(hIf both the kernel and the CPU support protection keys (pkeys), "ProtectionKey" indicates the memory protection key associated with the virtual memory area.h]hIf both the kernel and the CPU support protection keys (pkeys), “ProtectionKey” indicates the memory protection key associated with the virtual memory area.}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM9hjhhubj)}(h"VmFlags" field deserves a separate description. This member represents the kernel flags associated with the particular virtual memory area in two letter encoded manner. The codes are the following:h]h“VmFlags” field deserves a separate description. This member represents the kernel flags associated with the particular virtual memory area in two letter encoded manner. The codes are the following:}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM=hjhhubj$)}(hX== ============================================================= rd readable wr writeable ex executable sh shared mr may read mw may write me may execute ms may share gd stack segment growns down pf pure PFN range lo pages are locked in memory io memory mapped I/O area sr sequential read advise provided rr random read advise provided dc do not copy area on fork de do not expand area on remapping ac area is accountable nr swap space is not reserved for the area ht area uses huge tlb pages sf synchronous page fault ar architecture specific flag wf wipe on fork dd do not include area into core dump sd soft dirty flag mm mixed map area hg huge page advise flag nh no huge page advise flag mg mergeable advise flag bt arm64 BTI guarded page mt arm64 MTE allocation tags are enabled um userfaultfd missing tracking uw userfaultfd wr-protect tracking ui userfaultfd minor fault ur userfaultfd read-write-protect tracking ss shadow/guarded control stack page sl sealed lf lock on fault pages dp always lazily freeable mapping gu maybe contains guard regions (if not set, definitely doesn't) == ============================================================= h]h)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhj'ubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK=uh1hhj'ubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hrdh]hrd}(hj'hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMBhj'ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hreadableh]hreadable}(hj (hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMBhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hwrh]hwr}(hj)(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMChj&(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#(ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h writeableh]h writeable}(hj@(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMChj=(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj#(ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hexh]hex}(hj`(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMDhj](ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZ(ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h executableh]h executable}(hjw(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMDhjt(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZ(ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hshh]hsh}(hj(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMEhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsharedh]hshared}(hj(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMEhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmrh]hmr}(hj(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMFhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmay readh]hmay read}(hj(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMFhj(ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmwh]hmw}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMGhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h may writeh]h may write}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMGhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj(ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmeh]hme}(hj<)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMHhj9)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6)ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h may executeh]h may execute}(hjS)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMHhjP)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6)ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmsh]hms}(hjs)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMIhjp)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjm)ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h may shareh]h may share}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMIhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjm)ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hgdh]hgd}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMJhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hstack segment growns downh]hstack segment growns down}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMJhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpfh]hpf}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hpure PFN rangeh]hpure PFN range}(hj)hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhj)ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hloh]hlo}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hpages are locked in memoryh]hpages are locked in memory}(hj/*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhj,*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hioh]hio}(hjO*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMMhjL*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjI*ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmemory mapped I/O areah]hmemory mapped I/O area}(hjf*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMMhjc*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjI*ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsrh]hsr}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsequential read advise providedh]hsequential read advise provided}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hrrh]hrr}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMOhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hrandom read advise providedh]hrandom read advise provided}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMOhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdch]hdc}(hj*hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMPhj*ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hdo not copy area on forkh]hdo not copy area on fork}(hj +hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMPhj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj*ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdeh]hde}(hj++hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMQhj(+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%+ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hdo not expand area on remappingh]hdo not expand area on remapping}(hjB+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMQhj?+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj%+ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hach]hac}(hjb+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMRhj_+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\+ubj)}(hhh]j)}(harea is accountableh]harea is accountable}(hjy+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMRhjv+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj\+ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hnrh]hnr}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj+ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h'swap space is not reserved for the areah]h'swap space is not reserved for the area}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj+ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hhth]hht}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMThj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj+ubj)}(hhh]j)}(harea uses huge tlb pagesh]harea uses huge tlb pages}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMThj+ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj+ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsfh]hsf}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMUhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsynchronous page faulth]hsynchronous page fault}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMUhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(harh]har}(hj>,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMVhj;,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8,ubj)}(hhh]j)}(harchitecture specific flagh]harchitecture specific flag}(hjU,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMVhjR,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8,ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hwfh]hwf}(hju,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMWhjr,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjo,ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h wipe on forkh]h wipe on fork}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMWhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjo,ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj P)}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hddh]hdd}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMXhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h"do not include area into core dumph]h"do not include area into core dump}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMXhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsdh]hsd}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMYhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsoft dirty flagh]hsoft dirty flag}(hj,hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMYhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj,ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmmh]hmm}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMZhj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmixed map areah]hmixed map area}(hj1-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMZhj.-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hhgh]hhg}(hjQ-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM[hjN-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjK-ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hhuge page advise flagh]hhuge page advise flag}(hjh-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM[hje-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjK-ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hnhh]hnh}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM\hj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hno huge page advise flagh]hno huge page advise flag}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM\hj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmgh]hmg}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM]hj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmergeable advise flagh]hmergeable advise flag}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM]hj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hbth]hbt}(hj-hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hj-ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubj)}(hhh]j)}(harm64 BTI guarded pageh]harm64 BTI guarded page}(hj .hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hj .ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj-ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmth]hmt}(hj-.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_hj*.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'.ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h%arm64 MTE allocation tags are enabledh]h%arm64 MTE allocation tags are enabled}(hjD.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_hjA.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'.ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(humh]hum}(hjd.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM`hja.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^.ubj)}(hhh]j)}(huserfaultfd missing trackingh]huserfaultfd missing tracking}(hj{.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM`hjx.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj^.ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(huwh]huw}(hj.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMahj.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj.ubj)}(hhh]j)}(huserfaultfd wr-protect trackingh]huserfaultfd wr-protect tracking}(hj.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMahj.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj.ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(huih]hui}(hj.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhj.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj.ubj)}(hhh]j)}(huserfaultfd minor faulth]huserfaultfd minor fault}(hj.hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhj.ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj.ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hurh]hur}(hj /hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h'userfaultfd read-write-protect trackingh]h'userfaultfd read-write-protect tracking}(hj /hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hssh]hss}(hj@/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMdhj=/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:/ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h!shadow/guarded control stack pageh]h!shadow/guarded control stack page}(hjW/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMdhjT/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:/ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hslh]hsl}(hjw/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMehjt/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq/ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hsealedh]hsealed}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMehj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjq/ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hlfh]hlf}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hlock on fault pagesh]hlock on fault pages}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdph]hdp}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMghj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubj)}(hhh]j)}(halways lazily freeable mappingh]halways lazily freeable mapping}(hj/hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMghj/ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hguh]hgu}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj0ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj0ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h=maybe contains guard regions (if not set, definitely doesn't)h]h?maybe contains guard regions (if not set, definitely doesn’t)}(hj30hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj00ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj0ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj'ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj'ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj'ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj'ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMAhjhhubj)}(hXeNote that there is no guarantee that every flag and associated mnemonic will be present in all further kernel releases. Things get changed, the flags may be vanished or the reverse -- new added. Interpretation of their meaning might change in future as well. So each consumer of these flags has to follow each specific kernel version for the exact semantic.h]hXeNote that there is no guarantee that every flag and associated mnemonic will be present in all further kernel releases. Things get changed, the flags may be vanished or the reverse -- new added. Interpretation of their meaning might change in future as well. So each consumer of these flags has to follow each specific kernel version for the exact semantic.}(hjf0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMkhjhhubj)}(hSThis file is only present if the CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is enabled.h]hSThis file is only present if the CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option is enabled.}(hjt0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMqhjhhubj)}(hNote: reading /proc/PID/maps or /proc/PID/smaps is inherently racy (consistent output can be achieved only in the single read call).h]hNote: reading /proc/PID/maps or /proc/PID/smaps is inherently racy (consistent output can be achieved only in the single read call).}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMthjhhubj)}(hThis typically manifests when doing partial reads of these files while the memory map is being modified. Despite the races, we do provide the following guarantees:h]hThis typically manifests when doing partial reads of these files while the memory map is being modified. Despite the races, we do provide the following guarantees:}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMwhjhhubhenumerated_list)}(hhh](j})}(hXThe mapped addresses never go backwards, which implies no two regions will ever overlap.h]j)}(hXThe mapped addresses never go backwards, which implies no two regions will ever overlap.h]hXThe mapped addresses never go backwards, which implies no two regions will ever overlap.}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM{hj0ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj0hhhhhNubj})}(hIf there is something at a given vaddr during the entirety of the life of the smaps/maps walk, there will be some output for it. h]j)}(hIf there is something at a given vaddr during the entirety of the life of the smaps/maps walk, there will be some output for it.h]hIf there is something at a given vaddr during the entirety of the life of the smaps/maps walk, there will be some output for it.}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM}hj0ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj0hhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]enumtypearabicprefixhsuffix)uh1j0hjhhhhhM{ubj)}(hThe /proc/PID/smaps_rollup file includes the same fields as /proc/PID/smaps, but their values are the sums of the corresponding values for all mappings of the process. Additionally, it contains these fields:h]hThe /proc/PID/smaps_rollup file includes the same fields as /proc/PID/smaps, but their values are the sums of the corresponding values for all mappings of the process. Additionally, it contains these fields:}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubjx)}(hhh](j})}(hPss_Anonh]j)}(hj0h]hPss_Anon}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj0ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj0hhhhhNubj})}(hPss_Fileh]j)}(hj1h]hPss_File}(hj 1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj1ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj0hhhhhNubj})}(h Pss_Shmem h]j)}(h Pss_Shmemh]h Pss_Shmem}(hj!1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj1ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj0hhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]j-uh1jwhhhMhjhhubj)}(hXHThey represent the proportional shares of anonymous, file, and shmem pages, as described for smaps above. These fields are omitted in smaps since each mapping identifies the type (anon, file, or shmem) of all pages it contains. Thus all information in smaps_rollup can be derived from smaps, but at a significantly higher cost.h]hXHThey represent the proportional shares of anonymous, file, and shmem pages, as described for smaps above. These fields are omitted in smaps since each mapping identifies the type (anon, file, or shmem) of all pages it contains. Thus all information in smaps_rollup can be derived from smaps, but at a significantly higher cost.}(hj<1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hX0The /proc/PID/clear_refs is used to reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits on both physical and virtual pages associated with a process, and the soft-dirty bit on pte (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for details). To clear the bits for all the pages associated with the process::h]hX/The /proc/PID/clear_refs is used to reset the PG_Referenced and ACCESSED/YOUNG bits on both physical and virtual pages associated with a process, and the soft-dirty bit on pte (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/soft-dirty.rst for details). To clear the bits for all the pages associated with the process:}(hjJ1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(h> echo 1 > /proc/PID/clear_refsh]h> echo 1 > /proc/PID/clear_refs}hjX1sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hGTo clear the bits for the anonymous pages associated with the process::h]hFTo clear the bits for the anonymous pages associated with the process:}(hjf1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(h> echo 2 > /proc/PID/clear_refsh]h> echo 2 > /proc/PID/clear_refs}hjt1sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hITo clear the bits for the file mapped pages associated with the process::h]hHTo clear the bits for the file mapped pages associated with the process:}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(h> echo 3 > /proc/PID/clear_refsh]h> echo 3 > /proc/PID/clear_refs}hj1sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hTo clear the soft-dirty bit::h]hTo clear the soft-dirty bit:}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(h> echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refsh]h> echo 4 > /proc/PID/clear_refs}hj1sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hXTo reset the peak resident set size ("high water mark") to the process's current value::h]h]To reset the peak resident set size (“high water mark”) to the process’s current value:}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(h> echo 5 > /proc/PID/clear_refsh]h> echo 5 > /proc/PID/clear_refs}hj1sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hDAny other value written to /proc/PID/clear_refs will have no effect.h]hDAny other value written to /proc/PID/clear_refs will have no effect.}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hThe /proc/pid/pagemap gives the PFN, which can be used to find the pageflags using /proc/kpageflags and number of times a page is mapped using /proc/kpagecount. For detailed explanation, see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst.h]hThe /proc/pid/pagemap gives the PFN, which can be used to find the pageflags using /proc/kpageflags and number of times a page is mapped using /proc/kpagecount. For detailed explanation, see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst.}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hX#The /proc/pid/numa_maps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory locality and binding policy, as well as the memory usage (in pages) of each mapping. The output follows a general format where mapping details get summarized separated by blank spaces, one mapping per each file line::h]hX"The /proc/pid/numa_maps is an extension based on maps, showing the memory locality and binding policy, as well as the memory usage (in pages) of each mapping. The output follows a general format where mapping details get summarized separated by blank spaces, one mapping per each file line:}(hj1hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj6 )}(hXaddress policy mapping details 00400000 default file=/usr/local/bin/app mapped=1 active=0 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 00600000 default file=/usr/local/bin/app anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206000000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so mapped=26 mapmax=6 N0=24 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 320621f000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206220000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206221000 default anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206800000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so mapped=59 mapmax=21 active=55 N0=41 N3=18 kernelpagesize_kB=4 320698b000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so 3206b8a000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=2 dirty=2 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206b8e000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206b8f000 default anon=3 dirty=3 active=1 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc10a2000 default anon=3 dirty=3 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc10b4000 default anon=2 dirty=2 active=1 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc1200000 default file=/anon_hugepage\040(deleted) huge anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=2048 7fff335f0000 default stack anon=3 dirty=3 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7fff3369d000 default mapped=1 mapmax=35 active=0 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4h]hXaddress policy mapping details 00400000 default file=/usr/local/bin/app mapped=1 active=0 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 00600000 default file=/usr/local/bin/app anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206000000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so mapped=26 mapmax=6 N0=24 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 320621f000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206220000 default file=/lib64/ld-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206221000 default anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206800000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so mapped=59 mapmax=21 active=55 N0=41 N3=18 kernelpagesize_kB=4 320698b000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so 3206b8a000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=2 dirty=2 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206b8e000 default file=/lib64/libc-2.12.so anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4 3206b8f000 default anon=3 dirty=3 active=1 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc10a2000 default anon=3 dirty=3 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc10b4000 default anon=2 dirty=2 active=1 N3=2 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7f4dc1200000 default file=/anon_hugepage\040(deleted) huge anon=1 dirty=1 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=2048 7fff335f0000 default stack anon=3 dirty=3 N3=3 kernelpagesize_kB=4 7fff3369d000 default mapped=1 mapmax=35 active=0 N3=1 kernelpagesize_kB=4}hj2sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhubj)}(hWhere:h]hWhere:}(hj2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(h2"address" is the starting address for the mapping;h]h6“address” is the starting address for the mapping;}(hj2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hv"policy" reports the NUMA memory policy set for the mapping (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy.rst);h]hz“policy” reports the NUMA memory policy set for the mapping (see Documentation/admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy.rst);}(hj*2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(h"mapping details" summarizes mapping data such as mapping type, page usage counters, node locality page counters (N0 == node0, N1 == node1, ...) and the kernel page size, in KB, that is backing the mapping up.h]h“mapping details” summarizes mapping data such as mapping type, page usage counters, node locality page counters (N0 == node0, N1 == node1, ...) and the kernel page size, in KB, that is backing the mapping up.}(hj82hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubj)}(hX Note that some kernel configurations do not track the precise number of times a page part of a larger allocation (e.g., THP) is mapped. In these configurations, "mapmax" might corresponds to the average number of mappings per page in such a larger allocation instead.h]hXNote that some kernel configurations do not track the precise number of times a page part of a larger allocation (e.g., THP) is mapped. In these configurations, “mapmax” might corresponds to the average number of mappings per page in such a larger allocation instead.}(hjF2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhhubeh}(h]process-specific-subdirectoriesah ]h"]#1.1 process-specific subdirectoriesah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhKgubh)}(hhh](h)}(h1.2 Kernel datah]h1.2 Kernel data}(hj_2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj\2hhhhhMubj)}(hXcSimilar to the process entries, the kernel data files give information about the running kernel. The files used to obtain this information are contained in /proc and are listed in Table 1-5. Not all of these will be present in your system. It depends on the kernel configuration and the loaded modules, which files are there, and which are missing.h]hXcSimilar to the process entries, the kernel data files give information about the running kernel. The files used to obtain this information are contained in /proc and are listed in Table 1-5. Not all of these will be present in your system. It depends on the kernel configuration and the loaded modules, which files are there, and which are missing.}(hjm2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubh)}(hhh](h)}(hTable 1-5: Kernel info in /proch]hTable 1-5: Kernel info in /proc}(hj~2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhMhj{2ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhj2ubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKEuh1hhj2ubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hj2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hj2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h allocinfoh]h allocinfo}(hj2hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h(Memory allocations profiling informationh]h(Memory allocations profiling information}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hapmh]hapm}(hj#3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj 3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hAdvanced power management infoh]hAdvanced power management info}(hj:3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj73ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h bootconfigh]h bootconfig}(hjZ3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjW3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjT3ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hKernel command line obtained from boot config, and, if there were kernel parameters from the boot loader, a "# Parameters from bootloader:" line followed by a line containing those parameters prefixed by "# ". (5.5)h]hKernel command line obtained from boot config, and, if there were kernel parameters from the boot loader, a “# Parameters from bootloader:” line followed by a line containing those parameters prefixed by “# “. (5.5)}(hjq3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjn3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjT3ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h buddyinfoh]h buddyinfo}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Kernel memory allocator information (see text) (2.5)h]h7Kernel memory allocator information (see text) (2.5)}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hbush]hbus}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h-Directory containing bus specific informationh]h-Directory containing bus specific information}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcmdlineh]hcmdline}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj3ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hJKernel command line, both from bootloader and embedded in the kernel imageh]hJKernel command line, both from bootloader and embedded in the kernel image}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hcpuinfoh]hcpuinfo}(hj64hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj34ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj04ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hInfo about the CPUh]hInfo about the CPU}(hjM4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjJ4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj04ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdevicesh]hdevices}(hjm4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjg4ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h'Available devices (block and character)h]h'Available devices (block and character)}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjg4ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdmah]hdma}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hUsed DMA channelsh]hUsed DMA channels}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h filesystemsh]h filesystems}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSupported filesystemsh]hSupported filesystems}(hj4hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdriverh]hdriver}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj 5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Various drivers grouped here, currently rtc (2.4)h]h7Various drivers grouped here, currently rtc (2.4)}(hj)5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj&5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj 5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h execdomainsh]h execdomains}(hjI5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjF5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjC5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Execdomains, related to security (2.4)h]h7Execdomains, related to security (2.4)}(hj`5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjC5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hfbh]hfb}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj}5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjz5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Frame Buffer devices (2.4)h]h7Frame Buffer devices (2.4)}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjz5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hfsh]hfs}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7File system parameters, currently nfs/exports (2.4)h]h7File system parameters, currently nfs/exports (2.4)}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hideh]hide}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h1Directory containing info about the IDE subsystemh]h1Directory containing info about the IDE subsystem}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj5ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h interruptsh]h interrupts}(hj%6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj"6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hInterrupt usageh]hInterrupt usage}(hj<6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj96ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hiomemh]hiomem}(hj\6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjY6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjV6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Memory map (2.4)h]h7Memory map (2.4)}(hjs6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjp6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjV6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hioportsh]hioports}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hI/O port usageh]hI/O port usage}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hirqh]hirq}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h=Masks for irq to cpu affinity (2.4)(smp?)h]h=Masks for irq to cpu affinity (2.4)(smp?)}(hj6hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hisapnph]hisapnp}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj6ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7ISA PnP (Plug&Play) Info (2.4)h]h7ISA PnP (Plug&Play) Info (2.4)}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj6ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hkcoreh]hkcore}(hj87hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj57ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj27ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h:Kernel core image (can be ELF or A.OUT(deprecated in 2.4))h]h:Kernel core image (can be ELF or A.OUT(deprecated in 2.4))}(hjO7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjL7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj27ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hkmsgh]hkmsg}(hjo7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjl7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhji7ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hKernel messagesh]hKernel messages}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhji7ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hksymsh]hksyms}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hKernel symbol tableh]hKernel symbol table}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hloadavgh]hloadavg}(hj7hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubj)}(hhh]hdefinition_list)}(hhh]hdefinition_list_item)}(hXmLoad average of last 1, 5 & 15 minutes; number of processes currently runnable (running or on ready queue); total number of processes in system; last pid created. All fields are separated by one space except "number of processes currently runnable" and "total number of processes in system", which are separated by a slash ('/'). Example: 0.61 0.61 0.55 3/828 22084h](hterm)}(h'Load average of last 1, 5 & 15 minutes;h]h'Load average of last 1, 5 & 15 minutes;}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhj7ubh definition)}(hhh]j)}(hXEnumber of processes currently runnable (running or on ready queue); total number of processes in system; last pid created. All fields are separated by one space except "number of processes currently runnable" and "total number of processes in system", which are separated by a slash ('/'). Example: 0.61 0.61 0.55 3/828 22084h]hXQnumber of processes currently runnable (running or on ready queue); total number of processes in system; last pid created. All fields are separated by one space except “number of processes currently runnable” and “total number of processes in system”, which are separated by a slash (‘/’). Example: 0.61 0.61 0.55 3/828 22084}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj7ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hj7ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj7ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hlocksh]hlocks}(hjF8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjC8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj@8ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h Kernel locksh]h Kernel locks}(hj]8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjZ8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj@8ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmeminfoh]hmeminfo}(hj}8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjz8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjw8ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h Memory infoh]h Memory info}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjw8ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmisch]hmisc}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h Miscellaneoush]h Miscellaneous}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmodulesh]hmodules}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hList of loaded modulesh]hList of loaded modules}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj8ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj8ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmountsh]hmounts}(hj"9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hMounted filesystemsh]hMounted filesystems}(hj99hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj69ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hneth]hnet}(hjY9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjV9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjS9ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hNetworking info (see text)h]hNetworking info (see text)}(hjp9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjm9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjS9ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h pagetypeinfoh]h pagetypeinfo}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Additional page allocator information (see text) (2.5)h]h7Additional page allocator information (see text) (2.5)}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h partitionsh]h partitions}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h'Table of partitions known to the systemh]h'Table of partitions known to the system}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpcih]hpci}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj9ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnDeprecated info of PCI bus (new way -> /proc/bus/pci/, decoupled by lspci (2.4)h]hnDeprecated info of PCI bus (new way -> /proc/bus/pci/, decoupled by lspci (2.4)}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj9ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hrtch]hrtc}(hj5:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/:ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hReal time clockh]hReal time clock}(hjL:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjI:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj/:ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hscsih]hscsi}(hjl:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhji:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjf:ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSCSI info (see text)h]hSCSI info (see text)}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjf:ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hslabinfoh]hslabinfo}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSlab pool infoh]hSlab pool info}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsoftirqsh]hsoftirqs}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h softirq usageh]h softirq usage}(hj:hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hstath]hstat}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ;ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hOverall statisticsh]hOverall statistics}(hj(;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj ;ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hswapsh]hswaps}(hjH;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjE;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjB;ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSwap space utilizationh]hSwap space utilization}(hj_;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjB;ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsysh]hsys}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj|;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjy;ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h See chapter 2h]h See chapter 2}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjy;ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsysvipch]hsysvipc}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj;ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Info of SysVIPC Resources (msg, sem, shm) (2.4)h]h7Info of SysVIPC Resources (msg, sem, shm) (2.4)}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj;ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(httyh]htty}(hj;hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj;ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hInfo of tty driversh]hInfo of tty drivers}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj;ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(huptimeh]huptime}(hj$<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj!<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h5Wall clock since boot, combined idle time of all cpush]h5Wall clock since boot, combined idle time of all cpus}(hj;<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj8<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hversionh]hversion}(hj[<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjX<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjU<ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hKernel versionh]hKernel version}(hjr<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjo<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjU<ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hvideoh]hvideo}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7bttv info of video resources (2.4)h]h7bttv info of video resources (2.4)}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h vmallocinfoh]h vmallocinfo}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hShow vmalloced areash]hShow vmalloced areas}(hj<hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj<ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj<ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj2ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj{2ubeh}(h]id13ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj\2hhhhhNubj)}(hYou can, for example, check which interrupts are currently in use and what they are used for by looking in the file /proc/interrupts::h]hYou can, for example, check which interrupts are currently in use and what they are used for by looking in the file /proc/interrupts:}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj\2hhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 0: 8728810 XT-PIC timer 1: 895 XT-PIC keyboard 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade 3: 531695 XT-PIC aha152x 4: 2014133 XT-PIC serial 5: 44401 XT-PIC pcnet_cs 8: 2 XT-PIC rtc 11: 8 XT-PIC i82365 12: 182918 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse 13: 1 XT-PIC fpu 14: 1232265 XT-PIC ide0 15: 7 XT-PIC ide1 NMI: 0h]hX> cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 0: 8728810 XT-PIC timer 1: 895 XT-PIC keyboard 2: 0 XT-PIC cascade 3: 531695 XT-PIC aha152x 4: 2014133 XT-PIC serial 5: 44401 XT-PIC pcnet_cs 8: 2 XT-PIC rtc 11: 8 XT-PIC i82365 12: 182918 XT-PIC PS/2 Mouse 13: 1 XT-PIC fpu 14: 1232265 XT-PIC ide0 15: 7 XT-PIC ide1 NMI: 0}hj=sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM#hj\2hhubj)}(hjIn 2.4.* a couple of lines where added to this file LOC & ERR (this time is the output of a SMP machine)::h]hiIn 2.4.* a couple of lines where added to this file LOC & ERR (this time is the output of a SMP machine):}(hj*=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM3hj\2hhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 CPU1 0: 1243498 1214548 IO-APIC-edge timer 1: 8949 8958 IO-APIC-edge keyboard 2: 0 0 XT-PIC cascade 5: 11286 10161 IO-APIC-edge soundblaster 8: 1 0 IO-APIC-edge rtc 9: 27422 27407 IO-APIC-edge 3c503 12: 113645 113873 IO-APIC-edge PS/2 Mouse 13: 0 0 XT-PIC fpu 14: 22491 24012 IO-APIC-edge ide0 15: 2183 2415 IO-APIC-edge ide1 17: 30564 30414 IO-APIC-level eth0 18: 177 164 IO-APIC-level bttv NMI: 2457961 2457959 LOC: 2457882 2457881 ERR: 2155h]hX> cat /proc/interrupts CPU0 CPU1 0: 1243498 1214548 IO-APIC-edge timer 1: 8949 8958 IO-APIC-edge keyboard 2: 0 0 XT-PIC cascade 5: 11286 10161 IO-APIC-edge soundblaster 8: 1 0 IO-APIC-edge rtc 9: 27422 27407 IO-APIC-edge 3c503 12: 113645 113873 IO-APIC-edge PS/2 Mouse 13: 0 0 XT-PIC fpu 14: 22491 24012 IO-APIC-edge ide0 15: 2183 2415 IO-APIC-edge ide1 17: 30564 30414 IO-APIC-level eth0 18: 177 164 IO-APIC-level bttv NMI: 2457961 2457959 LOC: 2457882 2457881 ERR: 2155}hj8=sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM6hj\2hhubj)}(hNMI is incremented in this case because every timer interrupt generates a NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt) which is used by the NMI Watchdog to detect lockups.h]hNMI is incremented in this case because every timer interrupt generates a NMI (Non Maskable Interrupt) which is used by the NMI Watchdog to detect lockups.}(hjF=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMIhj\2hhubj)}(hELOC is the local interrupt counter of the internal APIC of every CPU.h]hELOC is the local interrupt counter of the internal APIC of every CPU.}(hjT=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhj\2hhubj)}(hXERR is incremented in the case of errors in the IO-APIC bus (the bus that connects the CPUs in a SMP system. This means that an error has been detected, the IO-APIC automatically retry the transmission, so it should not be a big problem, but you should read the SMP-FAQ.h]hXERR is incremented in the case of errors in the IO-APIC bus (the bus that connects the CPUs in a SMP system. This means that an error has been detected, the IO-APIC automatically retry the transmission, so it should not be a big problem, but you should read the SMP-FAQ.}(hjb=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhj\2hhubj)}(hIn 2.6.2* /proc/interrupts was expanded again. This time the goal was for /proc/interrupts to display every IRQ vector in use by the system, not just those considered 'most important'. The new vectors are:h]hIn 2.6.2* /proc/interrupts was expanded again. This time the goal was for /proc/interrupts to display every IRQ vector in use by the system, not just those considered ‘most important’. The new vectors are:}(hjp=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShj\2hhubj7)}(hhh](j7)}(hTHR interrupt raised when a machine check threshold counter (typically counting ECC corrected errors of memory or cache) exceeds a configurable threshold. Only available on some systems. h](j8)}(hTHRh]hTHR}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMZhj=ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hinterrupt raised when a machine check threshold counter (typically counting ECC corrected errors of memory or cache) exceeds a configurable threshold. Only available on some systems.h]hinterrupt raised when a machine check threshold counter (typically counting ECC corrected errors of memory or cache) exceeds a configurable threshold. Only available on some systems.}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMXhj=ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj=ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMZhj~=ubj7)}(hTRM a thermal event interrupt occurs when a temperature threshold has been exceeded for the CPU. This interrupt may also be generated when the temperature drops back to normal. h](j8)}(hTRMh]hTRM}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhM_hj=ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(ha thermal event interrupt occurs when a temperature threshold has been exceeded for the CPU. This interrupt may also be generated when the temperature drops back to normal.h]ha thermal event interrupt occurs when a temperature threshold has been exceeded for the CPU. This interrupt may also be generated when the temperature drops back to normal.}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM]hj=ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj=ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhM_hj~=hhubj7)}(hXUSPU a spurious interrupt is some interrupt that was raised then lowered by some IO device before it could be fully processed by the APIC. Hence the APIC sees the interrupt but does not know what device it came from. For this case the APIC will generate the interrupt with a IRQ vector of 0xff. This might also be generated by chipset bugs. h](j8)}(hSPUh]hSPU}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMfhj=ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hXPa spurious interrupt is some interrupt that was raised then lowered by some IO device before it could be fully processed by the APIC. Hence the APIC sees the interrupt but does not know what device it came from. For this case the APIC will generate the interrupt with a IRQ vector of 0xff. This might also be generated by chipset bugs.h]hXPa spurious interrupt is some interrupt that was raised then lowered by some IO device before it could be fully processed by the APIC. Hence the APIC sees the interrupt but does not know what device it came from. For this case the APIC will generate the interrupt with a IRQ vector of 0xff. This might also be generated by chipset bugs.}(hj=hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhj=ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj=ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMfhj~=hhubj7)}(hXRES, CAL, TLB rescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS. Typically, their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type. h](j8)}(h RES, CAL, TLBh]h RES, CAL, TLB}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMlhj>ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hrescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS. Typically, their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type.h]hrescheduling, call and TLB flush interrupts are sent from one CPU to another per the needs of the OS. Typically, their statistics are used by kernel developers and interested users to determine the occurrence of interrupts of the given type.}(hj#>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMihj >ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj>ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMlhj~=hhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hj\2hhhhhNubj)}(hXThe above IRQ vectors are displayed only when relevant. For example, the threshold vector does not exist on x86_64 platforms. Others are suppressed when the system is a uniprocessor. As of this writing, only i386 and x86_64 platforms support the new IRQ vector displays.h]hXThe above IRQ vectors are displayed only when relevant. For example, the threshold vector does not exist on x86_64 platforms. Others are suppressed when the system is a uniprocessor. As of this writing, only i386 and x86_64 platforms support the new IRQ vector displays.}(hjC>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMnhj\2hhubj)}(hX&Of some interest is the introduction of the /proc/irq directory to 2.4. It could be used to set IRQ to CPU affinity. This means that you can "hook" an IRQ to only one CPU, or to exclude a CPU of handling IRQs. The contents of the irq subdir is one subdir for each IRQ, and default_smp_affinity.h]hX*Of some interest is the introduction of the /proc/irq directory to 2.4. It could be used to set IRQ to CPU affinity. This means that you can “hook” an IRQ to only one CPU, or to exclude a CPU of handling IRQs. The contents of the irq subdir is one subdir for each IRQ, and default_smp_affinity.}(hjQ>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMshj\2hhubj)}(h For example::h]h For example:}(hj_>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMxhj\2hhubj6 )}(h> ls /proc/irq/ 0 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 8 default_smp_affinity 1 11 13 15 17 19 3 5 7 9 > ls /proc/irq/0/ smp_affinityh]h> ls /proc/irq/ 0 10 12 14 16 18 2 4 6 8 default_smp_affinity 1 11 13 15 17 19 3 5 7 9 > ls /proc/irq/0/ smp_affinity}hjm>sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMzhj\2hhubj)}(hlsmp_affinity is a bitmask, in which you can specify which CPUs can handle the IRQ. You can set it by doing::h]hksmp_affinity is a bitmask, in which you can specify which CPUs can handle the IRQ. You can set it by doing:}(hj{>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj6 )}(h$> echo 1 > /proc/irq/10/smp_affinityh]h$> echo 1 > /proc/irq/10/smp_affinity}hj>sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hThis means that only the first CPU will handle the IRQ, but you can also echo 5 which means that only the first and third CPU can handle the IRQ.h]hThis means that only the first CPU will handle the IRQ, but you can also echo 5 which means that only the first and third CPU can handle the IRQ.}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(h?The contents of each smp_affinity file is the same by default::h]h>The contents of each smp_affinity file is the same by default:}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj6 )}(h'> cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity ffffffffh]h'> cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity ffffffff}hj>sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hmThere is an alternate interface, smp_affinity_list which allows specifying a CPU range instead of a bitmask::h]hlThere is an alternate interface, smp_affinity_list which allows specifying a CPU range instead of a bitmask:}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj6 )}(h-> cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity_list 1024-1031h]h-> cat /proc/irq/0/smp_affinity_list 1024-1031}hj>sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hThe default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the IRQs which have not yet been allocated/activated, and hence which lack a /proc/irq/[0-9]* directory.h]hThe default_smp_affinity mask applies to all non-active IRQs, which are the IRQs which have not yet been allocated/activated, and hence which lack a /proc/irq/[0-9]* directory.}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hThe node file on an SMP system shows the node to which the device using the IRQ reports itself as being attached. This hardware locality information does not include information about any possible driver locality preference.h]hThe node file on an SMP system shows the node to which the device using the IRQ reports itself as being attached. This hardware locality information does not include information about any possible driver locality preference.}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hX`The way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it's Round Robin between all the CPUs which are allowed to handle it. As usual the kernel has more info than you and does a better job than you, so the defaults are the best choice for almost everyone. [Note this applies only to those IO-APIC's that support "Round Robin" interrupt distribution.]h]hXhThe way IRQs are routed is handled by the IO-APIC, and it’s Round Robin between all the CPUs which are allowed to handle it. As usual the kernel has more info than you and does a better job than you, so the defaults are the best choice for almost everyone. [Note this applies only to those IO-APIC’s that support “Round Robin” interrupt distribution.]}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hXzThere are three more important subdirectories in /proc: net, scsi, and sys. The general rule is that the contents, or even the existence of these directories, depend on your kernel configuration. If SCSI is not enabled, the directory scsi may not exist. The same is true with the net, which is there only when networking support is present in the running kernel.h]hXzThere are three more important subdirectories in /proc: net, scsi, and sys. The general rule is that the contents, or even the existence of these directories, depend on your kernel configuration. If SCSI is not enabled, the directory scsi may not exist. The same is true with the net, which is there only when networking support is present in the running kernel.}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hX The slabinfo file gives information about memory usage at the slab level. Linux uses slab pools for memory management above page level in version 2.2. Commonly used objects have their own slab pool (such as network buffers, directory cache, and so on).h]hX The slabinfo file gives information about memory usage at the slab level. Linux uses slab pools for memory management above page level in version 2.2. Commonly used objects have their own slab pool (such as network buffers, directory cache, and so on).}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj6 )}(h> cat /proc/buddyinfo Node 0, zone DMA 0 4 5 4 4 3 ... Node 0, zone Normal 1 0 0 1 101 8 ... Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 0 1 1 0 ...h]h> cat /proc/buddyinfo Node 0, zone DMA 0 4 5 4 4 3 ... Node 0, zone Normal 1 0 0 1 101 8 ... Node 0, zone HighMem 2 0 0 1 1 0 ...}hj#?sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hExternal fragmentation is a problem under some workloads, and buddyinfo is a useful tool for helping diagnose these problems. Buddyinfo will give you a clue as to how big an area you can safely allocate, or why a previous allocation failed.h]hExternal fragmentation is a problem under some workloads, and buddyinfo is a useful tool for helping diagnose these problems. Buddyinfo will give you a clue as to how big an area you can safely allocate, or why a previous allocation failed.}(hj1?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hXEach column represents the number of pages of a certain order which are available. In this case, there are 0 chunks of 2^0*PAGE_SIZE available in ZONE_DMA, 4 chunks of 2^1*PAGE_SIZE in ZONE_DMA, 101 chunks of 2^4*PAGE_SIZE available in ZONE_NORMAL, etc...h]hXEach column represents the number of pages of a certain order which are available. In this case, there are 0 chunks of 2^0*PAGE_SIZE available in ZONE_DMA, 4 chunks of 2^1*PAGE_SIZE in ZONE_DMA, 101 chunks of 2^4*PAGE_SIZE available in ZONE_NORMAL, etc...}(hj??hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hRMore information relevant to external fragmentation can be found in pagetypeinfo::Fh]hQMore information relevant to external fragmentation can be found in pagetypeinfo:}(hjM?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj6 )}(hX}> cat /proc/pagetypeinfo Page block order: 9 Pages per block: 512 Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 Node 0, zone DMA, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Unmovable 103 54 77 1 1 1 11 8 7 1 9 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reclaimable 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Movable 169 152 113 91 77 54 39 13 6 1 452 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reserve 1 2 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of blocks type Unmovable Reclaimable Movable Reserve Isolate Node 0, zone DMA 2 0 5 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA32 41 6 967 2 0h]hX}> cat /proc/pagetypeinfo Page block order: 9 Pages per block: 512 Free pages count per migrate type at order 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Node 0, zone DMA, type Unmovable 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Reclaimable 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Movable 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 2 Node 0, zone DMA, type Reserve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Unmovable 103 54 77 1 1 1 11 8 7 1 9 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reclaimable 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Movable 169 152 113 91 77 54 39 13 6 1 452 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Reserve 1 2 2 2 2 0 1 1 1 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA32, type Isolate 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Number of blocks type Unmovable Reclaimable Movable Reserve Isolate Node 0, zone DMA 2 0 5 1 0 Node 0, zone DMA32 41 6 967 2 0}hj[?sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hXzFragmentation avoidance in the kernel works by grouping pages of different migrate types into the same contiguous regions of memory called page blocks. A page block is typically the size of the default hugepage size, e.g. 2MB on X86-64. By keeping pages grouped based on their ability to move, the kernel can reclaim pages within a page block to satisfy a high-order allocation.h]hXzFragmentation avoidance in the kernel works by grouping pages of different migrate types into the same contiguous regions of memory called page blocks. A page block is typically the size of the default hugepage size, e.g. 2MB on X86-64. By keeping pages grouped based on their ability to move, the kernel can reclaim pages within a page block to satisfy a high-order allocation.}(hji?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hThe pagetypinfo begins with information on the size of a page block. It then gives the same type of information as buddyinfo except broken down by migrate-type and finishes with details on how many page blocks of each type exist.h]hThe pagetypinfo begins with information on the size of a page block. It then gives the same type of information as buddyinfo except broken down by migrate-type and finishes with details on how many page blocks of each type exist.}(hjw?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubj)}(hXIf min_free_kbytes has been tuned correctly (recommendations made by hugeadm from libhugetlbfs https://github.com/libhugetlbfs/libhugetlbfs/), one can make an estimate of the likely number of huge pages that can be allocated at a given point in time. All the "Movable" blocks should be allocatable unless memory has been mlock()'d. Some of the Reclaimable blocks should also be allocatable although a lot of filesystem metadata may have to be reclaimed to achieve this.h](h_If min_free_kbytes has been tuned correctly (recommendations made by hugeadm from libhugetlbfs }(hj?hhhNhNubj8)}(h-https://github.com/libhugetlbfs/libhugetlbfs/h]h-https://github.com/libhugetlbfs/libhugetlbfs/}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurij?uh1j7hj?ubhXO), one can make an estimate of the likely number of huge pages that can be allocated at a given point in time. All the “Movable” blocks should be allocatable unless memory has been mlock()’d. Some of the Reclaimable blocks should also be allocatable although a lot of filesystem metadata may have to be reclaimed to achieve this.}(hj?hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\2hhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h allocinfoh]h allocinfo}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj?hhhhhMubj)}(hXProvides information about memory allocations at all locations in the code base. Each allocation in the code is identified by its source file, line number, module (if originates from a loadable module) and the function calling the allocation. The number of bytes allocated and number of calls at each location are reported. The first line indicates the version of the file, the second line is the header listing fields in the file. If file version is 2.0 or higher then each line may contain additional : pairs representing extra information about the call site. For example if the counters are not accurate, the line will be appended with "accurate:no" pair.h]hXProvides information about memory allocations at all locations in the code base. Each allocation in the code is identified by its source file, line number, module (if originates from a loadable module) and the function calling the allocation. The number of bytes allocated and number of calls at each location are reported. The first line indicates the version of the file, the second line is the header listing fields in the file. If file version is 2.0 or higher then each line may contain additional : pairs representing extra information about the call site. For example if the counters are not accurate, the line will be appended with “accurate:no” pair.}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj?hhubj)}(h$Supported markers in v2: accurate:noh]h$Supported markers in v2: accurate:no}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj?hhubj$)}(hXAbsolute values of the counters in this line are not accurate because of the failure to allocate memory to track some of the allocations made at this location. Deltas in these counters are accurate, therefore counters can be used to track allocation size and count changes. h]j)}(hXAbsolute values of the counters in this line are not accurate because of the failure to allocate memory to track some of the allocations made at this location. Deltas in these counters are accurate, therefore counters can be used to track allocation size and count changes.h]hXAbsolute values of the counters in this line are not accurate because of the failure to allocate memory to track some of the allocations made at this location. Deltas in these counters are accurate, therefore counters can be used to track allocation size and count changes.}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj?ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhj?hhubj)}(hExample output.h]hExample output.}(hj?hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj?hhubj6 )}(hX > tail -n +3 /proc/allocinfo | sort -rn 127664128 31168 mm/page_ext.c:270 func:alloc_page_ext 56373248 4737 mm/slub.c:2259 func:alloc_slab_page 14880768 3633 mm/readahead.c:247 func:page_cache_ra_unbounded 14417920 3520 mm/mm_init.c:2530 func:alloc_large_system_hash 13377536 234 block/blk-mq.c:3421 func:blk_mq_alloc_rqs 11718656 2861 mm/filemap.c:1919 func:__filemap_get_folio 9192960 2800 kernel/fork.c:307 func:alloc_thread_stack_node 4206592 4 net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:2567 func:nf_ct_alloc_hashtable 4136960 1010 drivers/staging/ctagmod/ctagmod.c:20 [ctagmod] func:ctagmod_start 3940352 962 mm/memory.c:4214 func:alloc_anon_folio 2894464 22613 fs/kernfs/dir.c:615 func:__kernfs_new_node ...h]hX > tail -n +3 /proc/allocinfo | sort -rn 127664128 31168 mm/page_ext.c:270 func:alloc_page_ext 56373248 4737 mm/slub.c:2259 func:alloc_slab_page 14880768 3633 mm/readahead.c:247 func:page_cache_ra_unbounded 14417920 3520 mm/mm_init.c:2530 func:alloc_large_system_hash 13377536 234 block/blk-mq.c:3421 func:blk_mq_alloc_rqs 11718656 2861 mm/filemap.c:1919 func:__filemap_get_folio 9192960 2800 kernel/fork.c:307 func:alloc_thread_stack_node 4206592 4 net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c:2567 func:nf_ct_alloc_hashtable 4136960 1010 drivers/staging/ctagmod/ctagmod.c:20 [ctagmod] func:ctagmod_start 3940352 962 mm/memory.c:4214 func:alloc_anon_folio 2894464 22613 fs/kernfs/dir.c:615 func:__kernfs_new_node ...}hj?sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj?hhubeh}(h] allocinfoah ]h"] allocinfoah$]h&]uh1hhj\2hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hmeminfoh]hmeminfo}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj@hhhhhMubj)}(hXProvides information about distribution and utilization of memory. This varies by architecture and compile options. Some of the counters reported here overlap. The memory reported by the non overlapping counters may not add up to the overall memory usage and the difference for some workloads can be substantial. In many cases there are other means to find out additional memory using subsystem specific interfaces, for instance /proc/net/sockstat for TCP memory allocations.h]hXProvides information about distribution and utilization of memory. This varies by architecture and compile options. Some of the counters reported here overlap. The memory reported by the non overlapping counters may not add up to the overall memory usage and the difference for some workloads can be substantial. In many cases there are other means to find out additional memory using subsystem specific interfaces, for instance /proc/net/sockstat for TCP memory allocations.}(hj @hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj@hhubj)}(h5Example output. You may not have all of these fields.h]h5Example output. You may not have all of these fields.}(hj.@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj@hhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 32858820 kB MemFree: 21001236 kB MemAvailable: 27214312 kB Buffers: 581092 kB Cached: 5587612 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 3237152 kB Inactive: 7586256 kB Active(anon): 94064 kB Inactive(anon): 4570616 kB Active(file): 3143088 kB Inactive(file): 3015640 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Zswap: 1904 kB Zswapped: 7792 kB Dirty: 12 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 4654780 kB Mapped: 266244 kB Shmem: 9976 kB KReclaimable: 517708 kB Slab: 660044 kB SReclaimable: 517708 kB SUnreclaim: 142336 kB KernelStack: 11168 kB PageTables: 20540 kB SecPageTables: 0 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 16429408 kB Committed_AS: 7715148 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 40444 kB VmallocChunk: 0 kB Percpu: 29312 kB EarlyMemtestBad: 0 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 4149248 kB ShmemHugePages: 0 kB ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB FileHugePages: 0 kB FilePmdMapped: 0 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB Unaccepted: 0 kB Balloon: 0 kB GPUActive: 0 kB GPUReclaim: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB Hugetlb: 0 kB DirectMap4k: 401152 kB DirectMap2M: 10008576 kB DirectMap1G: 24117248 kBh]hX> cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 32858820 kB MemFree: 21001236 kB MemAvailable: 27214312 kB Buffers: 581092 kB Cached: 5587612 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 3237152 kB Inactive: 7586256 kB Active(anon): 94064 kB Inactive(anon): 4570616 kB Active(file): 3143088 kB Inactive(file): 3015640 kB Unevictable: 0 kB Mlocked: 0 kB SwapTotal: 0 kB SwapFree: 0 kB Zswap: 1904 kB Zswapped: 7792 kB Dirty: 12 kB Writeback: 0 kB AnonPages: 4654780 kB Mapped: 266244 kB Shmem: 9976 kB KReclaimable: 517708 kB Slab: 660044 kB SReclaimable: 517708 kB SUnreclaim: 142336 kB KernelStack: 11168 kB PageTables: 20540 kB SecPageTables: 0 kB NFS_Unstable: 0 kB Bounce: 0 kB WritebackTmp: 0 kB CommitLimit: 16429408 kB Committed_AS: 7715148 kB VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB VmallocUsed: 40444 kB VmallocChunk: 0 kB Percpu: 29312 kB EarlyMemtestBad: 0 kB HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB AnonHugePages: 4149248 kB ShmemHugePages: 0 kB ShmemPmdMapped: 0 kB FileHugePages: 0 kB FilePmdMapped: 0 kB CmaTotal: 0 kB CmaFree: 0 kB Unaccepted: 0 kB Balloon: 0 kB GPUActive: 0 kB GPUReclaim: 0 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 HugePages_Rsvd: 0 HugePages_Surp: 0 Hugepagesize: 2048 kB Hugetlb: 0 kB DirectMap4k: 401152 kB DirectMap2M: 10008576 kB DirectMap1G: 24117248 kB}hj<@sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM"hj@hhubj7)}(hhh](j7)}(hbMemTotal Total usable RAM (i.e. physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the kernel binary code)h](j8)}(hMemTotalh]hMemTotal}(hjQ@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMchjM@ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hYTotal usable RAM (i.e. physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the kernel binary code)h]hYTotal usable RAM (i.e. physical RAM minus a few reserved bits and the kernel binary code)}(hjb@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchj_@ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hjM@ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMchjJ@ubj7)}(hGMemFree Total free RAM. On highmem systems, the sum of LowFree+HighFreeh](j8)}(hMemFreeh]hMemFree}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMehj|@ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h?Total free RAM. On highmem systems, the sum of LowFree+HighFreeh]h?Total free RAM. On highmem systems, the sum of LowFree+HighFree}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhj@ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj|@ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMehjJ@hhubj7)}(hXMemAvailable An estimate of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Calculated from MemFree, SReclaimable, the size of the file LRU lists, and the low watermarks in each zone. The estimate takes into account that the system needs some page cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable, due to items being in use. The impact of those factors will vary from system to system.h](j8)}(h MemAvailableh]h MemAvailable}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMnhj@ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hXAn estimate of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Calculated from MemFree, SReclaimable, the size of the file LRU lists, and the low watermarks in each zone. The estimate takes into account that the system needs some page cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable, due to items being in use. The impact of those factors will vary from system to system.h]hXAn estimate of how much memory is available for starting new applications, without swapping. Calculated from MemFree, SReclaimable, the size of the file LRU lists, and the low watermarks in each zone. The estimate takes into account that the system needs some page cache to function well, and that not all reclaimable slab will be reclaimable, due to items being in use. The impact of those factors will vary from system to system.}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj@ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj@ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMnhjJ@hhubj7)}(hfBuffers Relatively temporary storage for raw disk blocks shouldn't get tremendously large (20MB or so)h](j8)}(hBuffersh]hBuffers}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMqhj@ubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h^Relatively temporary storage for raw disk blocks shouldn't get tremendously large (20MB or so)h]h`Relatively temporary storage for raw disk blocks shouldn’t get tremendously large (20MB or so)}(hj@hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMqhj@ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj@ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMqhjJ@hhubj7)}(hyCached In-memory cache for files read from the disk (the pagecache) as well as tmpfs & shmem. Doesn't include SwapCached.h](j8)}(hCachedh]hCached}(hj AhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMuhj Aubj8)}(hhh]j)}(hrIn-memory cache for files read from the disk (the pagecache) as well as tmpfs & shmem. Doesn't include SwapCached.h]htIn-memory cache for files read from the disk (the pagecache) as well as tmpfs & shmem. Doesn’t include SwapCached.}(hjAhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMthjAubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj Aubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMuhjJ@hhubj7)}(hSwapCached Memory that once was swapped out, is swapped back in but still also is in the swapfile (if memory is needed it doesn't need to be swapped out AGAIN because it is already in the swapfile. This saves I/O)h](j8)}(h SwapCachedh]h SwapCached}(hjFilePmdMapped Page cache mapped into userspace with huge pagesh](j8)}(h FilePmdMappedh]h FilePmdMapped}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhj|Hubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h0Page cache mapped into userspace with huge pagesh]h0Page cache mapped into userspace with huge pages}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjHubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj|Hubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjJ@hhubj7)}(hBCmaTotal Memory reserved for the Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA)h](j8)}(hCmaTotalh]hCmaTotal}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjHubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h9Memory reserved for the Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA)h]h9Memory reserved for the Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA)}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjHubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hjHubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjJ@hhubj7)}(h1CmaFree Free remaining memory in the CMA reservesh](j8)}(hCmaFreeh]hCmaFree}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjHubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h)Free remaining memory in the CMA reservesh]h)Free remaining memory in the CMA reserves}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjHubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hjHubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjJ@hhubj7)}(h9Unaccepted Memory that has not been accepted by the guesth](j8)}(h Unacceptedh]h Unaccepted}(hj IhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhj Iubj8)}(hhh]j)}(h.Memory that has not been accepted by the guesth]h.Memory that has not been accepted by the guest}(hjIhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjIubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j8hj Iubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j7hhhMhjJ@hhubj7)}(h5Balloon Memory returned to Host by VM Balloon Driversh](j8)}(hBalloonh]hBalloon}(hj=nr (Only on NUMA kernels) Number of pages allocated on memory node ========== =================================================== h]h)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjWJubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK3uh1hhjWJubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpages=nrh]hpages=nr}(hjwJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM!hjtJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjqJubj)}(hhh]j)}(hnumber of pagesh]hnumber of pages}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM!hjJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjqJubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h phys=addrh]h phys=addr}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM"hjJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjJubj)}(hhh]j)}(h#if a physical address was specifiedh]h#if a physical address was specified}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM"hjJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjJubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hioremaph]hioremap}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM#hjJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjJubj)}(hhh]j)}(h#I/O mapping (ioremap() and friends)h]h#I/O mapping (ioremap() and friends)}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM#hjJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjJubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hvmalloch]hvmalloc}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM$hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(hvmalloc() areah]hvmalloc() area}(hj3KhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM$hj0Kubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hvmaph]hvmap}(hjSKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM%hjPKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjMKubj)}(hhh]j)}(hvmap()ed pagesh]hvmap()ed pages}(hjjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM%hjgKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjMKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(huserh]huser}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM&hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(hVM_USERMAP areah]hVM_USERMAP area}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM&hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hvpagesh]hvpages}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM'hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(h3buffer for pages pointers was vmalloced (huge area)h]h3buffer for pages pointers was vmalloced (huge area)}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM'hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h N=nrh]h N=nr}(hjKhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM(hjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubj)}(hhh]j)}(hF(Only on NUMA kernels) Number of pages allocated on memory node h]hF(Only on NUMA kernels) Number of pages allocated on memory node }(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM(hj Lubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjnJubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjWJubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjTJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjPJubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhM hj1Jhhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/vmallocinfo 0xffffc20000000000-0xffffc20000201000 2101248 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ... /0x2c0 pages=512 vmalloc N0=128 N1=128 N2=128 N3=128 0xffffc20000201000-0xffffc20000302000 1052672 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ... /0x2c0 pages=256 vmalloc N0=64 N1=64 N2=64 N3=64 0xffffc20000302000-0xffffc20000304000 8192 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f... phys=7fee8000 ioremap 0xffffc20000304000-0xffffc20000307000 12288 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f... phys=7fee7000 ioremap 0xffffc2000031d000-0xffffc2000031f000 8192 init_vdso_vars+0x112/0x210 0xffffc2000031f000-0xffffc2000032b000 49152 cramfs_uncompress_init+0x2e ... /0x80 pages=11 vmalloc N0=3 N1=3 N2=2 N3=3 0xffffc2000033a000-0xffffc2000033d000 12288 sys_swapon+0x640/0xac0 ... pages=2 vmalloc N1=2 0xffffc20000347000-0xffffc2000034c000 20480 xt_alloc_table_info+0xfe ... /0x130 [x_tables] pages=4 vmalloc N0=4 0xffffffffa0000000-0xffffffffa000f000 61440 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=14 vmalloc N2=14 0xffffffffa000f000-0xffffffffa0014000 20480 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=4 vmalloc N1=4 0xffffffffa0014000-0xffffffffa0017000 12288 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=2 vmalloc N1=2 0xffffffffa0017000-0xffffffffa0022000 45056 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=10 vmalloc N0=10h]hX> cat /proc/vmallocinfo 0xffffc20000000000-0xffffc20000201000 2101248 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ... /0x2c0 pages=512 vmalloc N0=128 N1=128 N2=128 N3=128 0xffffc20000201000-0xffffc20000302000 1052672 alloc_large_system_hash+0x204 ... /0x2c0 pages=256 vmalloc N0=64 N1=64 N2=64 N3=64 0xffffc20000302000-0xffffc20000304000 8192 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f... phys=7fee8000 ioremap 0xffffc20000304000-0xffffc20000307000 12288 acpi_tb_verify_table+0x21/0x4f... phys=7fee7000 ioremap 0xffffc2000031d000-0xffffc2000031f000 8192 init_vdso_vars+0x112/0x210 0xffffc2000031f000-0xffffc2000032b000 49152 cramfs_uncompress_init+0x2e ... /0x80 pages=11 vmalloc N0=3 N1=3 N2=2 N3=3 0xffffc2000033a000-0xffffc2000033d000 12288 sys_swapon+0x640/0xac0 ... pages=2 vmalloc N1=2 0xffffc20000347000-0xffffc2000034c000 20480 xt_alloc_table_info+0xfe ... /0x130 [x_tables] pages=4 vmalloc N0=4 0xffffffffa0000000-0xffffffffa000f000 61440 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=14 vmalloc N2=14 0xffffffffa000f000-0xffffffffa0014000 20480 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=4 vmalloc N1=4 0xffffffffa0014000-0xffffffffa0017000 12288 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=2 vmalloc N1=2 0xffffffffa0017000-0xffffffffa0022000 45056 sys_init_module+0xc27/0x1d00 ... pages=10 vmalloc N0=10}hjBLsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM.hj1Jhhubeh}(h] vmallocinfoah ]h"] vmallocinfoah$]h&]uh1hhj\2hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hsoftirqsh]hsoftirqs}(hj[LhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjXLhhhhhMIubj)}(hKProvides counts of softirq handlers serviced since boot time, for each CPU.h]hKProvides counts of softirq handlers serviced since boot time, for each CPU.}(hjiLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhjXLhhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/softirqs CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 HI: 0 0 0 0 TIMER: 27166 27120 27097 27034 NET_TX: 0 0 0 17 NET_RX: 42 0 0 39 BLOCK: 0 0 107 1121 TASKLET: 0 0 0 290 SCHED: 27035 26983 26971 26746 HRTIMER: 0 0 0 0 RCU: 1678 1769 2178 2250h]hX> cat /proc/softirqs CPU0 CPU1 CPU2 CPU3 HI: 0 0 0 0 TIMER: 27166 27120 27097 27034 NET_TX: 0 0 0 17 NET_RX: 42 0 0 39 BLOCK: 0 0 107 1121 TASKLET: 0 0 0 290 SCHED: 27035 26983 26971 26746 HRTIMER: 0 0 0 0 RCU: 1678 1769 2178 2250}hjwLsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMOhjXLhhubeh}(h]softirqsah ]h"]softirqsah$]h&]uh1hhj\2hhhhhMIubeh}(h] kernel-dataah ]h"]1.2 kernel dataah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h 1.3 Networking info in /proc/neth]h 1.3 Networking info in /proc/net}(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjLhhhhhM\ubj)}(hThe subdirectory /proc/net follows the usual pattern. Table 1-8 shows the additional values you get for IP version 6 if you configure the kernel to support this. Table 1-9 lists the files and their meaning.h]hThe subdirectory /proc/net follows the usual pattern. Table 1-8 shows the additional values you get for IP version 6 if you configure the kernel to support this. Table 1-9 lists the files and their meaning.}(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hjLhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h!Table 1-8: IPv6 info in /proc/neth]h!Table 1-8: IPv6 info in /proc/net}(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhMchjLubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjLubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK5uh1hhjLubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhjLubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjLubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjLhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMfhjLubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjLubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjLubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjLubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hudp6h]hudp6}(hj%MhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhj"Mubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjMubj)}(hhh]j)}(hUDP sockets (IPv6)h]hUDP sockets (IPv6)}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj;Rubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj!Rubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsnmph]hsnmp}(hj^RhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[Rubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjXRubj)}(hhh]j)}(h SNMP datah]h SNMP data}(hjuRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjrRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjXRubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsockstath]hsockstat}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSocket statisticsh]hSocket statistics}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h softnet_stath]h softnet_stat}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubj)}(hhh]j)}(h9Per-CPU incoming packets queues statistics of online CPUsh]h9Per-CPU incoming packets queues statistics of online CPUs}(hjRhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjRubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(htcph]htcp}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubj)}(hhh]j)}(h TCP socketsh]h TCP sockets}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hudph]hudp}(hj:ShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7Subah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4Subj)}(hhh]j)}(h UDP socketsh]h UDP sockets}(hjQShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjNSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj4Subeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hunixh]hunix}(hjqShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjnSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkSubj)}(hhh]j)}(hUNIX domain socketsh]hUNIX domain sockets}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkSubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hwirelessh]hwireless}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjSubj)}(hhh]j)}(h%Wireless interface data (Wavelan etc)h]h%Wireless interface data (Wavelan etc)}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjSubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(higmph]higmp}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjSubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.IP multicast addresses, which this host joinedh]h.IP multicast addresses, which this host joined}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjSubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjSubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpschedh]hpsched}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjTubj)}(hhh]j)}(h#Global packet scheduler parameters.h]h#Global packet scheduler parameters.}(hj-ThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj*Tubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjTubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hnetlinkh]hnetlink}(hjMThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjJTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjGTubj)}(hhh]j)}(hList of PF_NETLINK socketsh]hList of PF_NETLINK sockets}(hjdThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjGTubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h ip_mr_vifsh]h ip_mr_vifs}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj~Tubj)}(hhh]j)}(h$List of multicast virtual interfacesh]h$List of multicast virtual interfaces}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj~Tubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h ip_mr_cacheh]h ip_mr_cache}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjTubj)}(hhh]j)}(hList of multicast routing cacheh]hList of multicast routing cache}(hjThhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjTubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjTubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjOubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj3Oubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj"Oubeh}(h]id15ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjLhhhhhNubj)}(hYou can use this information to see which network devices are available in your system and how much traffic was routed over those devices::h]hYou can use this information to see which network devices are available in your system and how much traffic was routed over those devices:}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjLhhubj6 )}(hX}> cat /proc/net/dev Inter-|Receive |[... face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|[... lo: 908188 5596 0 0 0 0 0 0 [... ppp0:15475140 20721 410 0 0 410 0 0 [... eth0: 614530 7085 0 0 0 0 0 1 [... ...] Transmit ...] bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed ...] 908188 5596 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...] 1375103 17405 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...] 1703981 5535 0 0 0 3 0 0h]hX}> cat /proc/net/dev Inter-|Receive |[... face |bytes packets errs drop fifo frame compressed multicast|[... lo: 908188 5596 0 0 0 0 0 0 [... ppp0:15475140 20721 410 0 0 410 0 0 [... eth0: 614530 7085 0 0 0 0 0 1 [... ...] Transmit ...] bytes packets errs drop fifo colls carrier compressed ...] 908188 5596 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...] 1375103 17405 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...] 1703981 5535 0 0 0 3 0 0}hjUsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjLhhubj)}(hX>In addition, each Channel Bond interface has its own directory. For example, the bond0 device will have a directory called /proc/net/bond0/. It will contain information that is specific to that bond, such as the current slaves of the bond, the link status of the slaves, and how many times the slaves link has failed.h]hX>In addition, each Channel Bond interface has its own directory. For example, the bond0 device will have a directory called /proc/net/bond0/. It will contain information that is specific to that bond, such as the current slaves of the bond, the link status of the slaves, and how many times the slaves link has failed.}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjLhhubeh}(h]networking-info-in-proc-netah ]h"] 1.3 networking info in /proc/netah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhM\ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h 1.4 SCSI infoh]h 1.4 SCSI info}(hj5UhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj2UhhhhhMubj)}(hIf you have a SCSI or ATA host adapter in your system, you'll find a subdirectory named after the driver for this adapter in /proc/scsi. You'll also see a list of all recognized SCSI devices in /proc/scsi::h]hIf you have a SCSI or ATA host adapter in your system, you’ll find a subdirectory named after the driver for this adapter in /proc/scsi. You’ll also see a list of all recognized SCSI devices in /proc/scsi:}(hjCUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2Uhhubj6 )}(hXb>cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: IBM Model: DGHS09U Rev: 03E0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 06 Lun: 00 Vendor: PIONEER Model: CD-ROM DR-U06S Rev: 1.04 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02h]hXb>cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00 Vendor: IBM Model: DGHS09U Rev: 03E0 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 03 Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 06 Lun: 00 Vendor: PIONEER Model: CD-ROM DR-U06S Rev: 1.04 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 02}hjQUsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj2Uhhubj)}(hXSThe directory named after the driver has one file for each adapter found in the system. These files contain information about the controller, including the used IRQ and the IO address range. The amount of information shown is dependent on the adapter you use. The example shows the output for an Adaptec AHA-2940 SCSI adapter::h]hXRThe directory named after the driver has one file for each adapter found in the system. These files contain information about the controller, including the used IRQ and the IO address range. The amount of information shown is dependent on the adapter you use. The example shows the output for an Adaptec AHA-2940 SCSI adapter:}(hj_UhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj2Uhhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/scsi/aic7xxx/0 Adaptec AIC7xxx driver version: 5.1.19/3.2.4 Compile Options: TCQ Enabled By Default : Disabled AIC7XXX_PROC_STATS : Disabled AIC7XXX_RESET_DELAY : 5 Adapter Configuration: SCSI Adapter: Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter Ultra Wide Controller PCI MMAPed I/O Base: 0xeb001000 Adapter SEEPROM Config: SEEPROM found and used. Adaptec SCSI BIOS: Enabled IRQ: 10 SCBs: Active 0, Max Active 2, Allocated 15, HW 16, Page 255 Interrupts: 160328 BIOS Control Word: 0x18b6 Adapter Control Word: 0x005b Extended Translation: Enabled Disconnect Enable Flags: 0xffff Ultra Enable Flags: 0x0001 Tag Queue Enable Flags: 0x0000 Ordered Queue Tag Flags: 0x0000 Default Tag Queue Depth: 8 Tagged Queue By Device array for aic7xxx host instance 0: {255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255} Actual queue depth per device for aic7xxx host instance 0: {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1} Statistics: (scsi0:0:0:0) Device using Wide/Sync transfers at 40.0 MByte/sec, offset 8 Transinfo settings: current(12/8/1/0), goal(12/8/1/0), user(12/15/1/0) Total transfers 160151 (74577 reads and 85574 writes) (scsi0:0:6:0) Device using Narrow/Sync transfers at 5.0 MByte/sec, offset 15 Transinfo settings: current(50/15/0/0), goal(50/15/0/0), user(50/15/0/0) Total transfers 0 (0 reads and 0 writes)h]hX> cat /proc/scsi/aic7xxx/0 Adaptec AIC7xxx driver version: 5.1.19/3.2.4 Compile Options: TCQ Enabled By Default : Disabled AIC7XXX_PROC_STATS : Disabled AIC7XXX_RESET_DELAY : 5 Adapter Configuration: SCSI Adapter: Adaptec AHA-294X Ultra SCSI host adapter Ultra Wide Controller PCI MMAPed I/O Base: 0xeb001000 Adapter SEEPROM Config: SEEPROM found and used. Adaptec SCSI BIOS: Enabled IRQ: 10 SCBs: Active 0, Max Active 2, Allocated 15, HW 16, Page 255 Interrupts: 160328 BIOS Control Word: 0x18b6 Adapter Control Word: 0x005b Extended Translation: Enabled Disconnect Enable Flags: 0xffff Ultra Enable Flags: 0x0001 Tag Queue Enable Flags: 0x0000 Ordered Queue Tag Flags: 0x0000 Default Tag Queue Depth: 8 Tagged Queue By Device array for aic7xxx host instance 0: {255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255} Actual queue depth per device for aic7xxx host instance 0: {1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1} Statistics: (scsi0:0:0:0) Device using Wide/Sync transfers at 40.0 MByte/sec, offset 8 Transinfo settings: current(12/8/1/0), goal(12/8/1/0), user(12/15/1/0) Total transfers 160151 (74577 reads and 85574 writes) (scsi0:0:6:0) Device using Narrow/Sync transfers at 5.0 MByte/sec, offset 15 Transinfo settings: current(50/15/0/0), goal(50/15/0/0), user(50/15/0/0) Total transfers 0 (0 reads and 0 writes)}hjmUsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj2Uhhubeh}(h] scsi-infoah ]h"] 1.4 scsi infoah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h'1.5 Parallel port info in /proc/parporth]h'1.5 Parallel port info in /proc/parport}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubj)}(hThe directory /proc/parport contains information about the parallel ports of your system. It has one subdirectory for each port, named after the port number (0,1,2,...).h]hThe directory /proc/parport contains information about the parallel ports of your system. It has one subdirectory for each port, named after the port number (0,1,2,...).}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjUhhubj)}(h=These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-10.h]h=These directories contain the four files shown in Table 1-10.}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjUhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h"Table 1-10: Files in /proc/parporth]h"Table 1-10: Files in /proc/parport}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhMhjUubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjUubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKDuh1hhjUubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjUubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjUhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjUubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjUubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h autoprobeh]h autoprobe}(hj!VhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubj)}(hhh]j)}(h;Any IEEE-1284 device ID information that has been acquired.h]h;Any IEEE-1284 device ID information that has been acquired.}(hj8VhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj5Vubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjVubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdevicesh]hdevices}(hjXVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjUVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRVubj)}(hhh]j)}(hlist of the device drivers using that port. A + will appear by the name of the device currently using the port (it might not appear against any).h]hlist of the device drivers using that port. A + will appear by the name of the device currently using the port (it might not appear against any).}(hjoVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjlVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjRVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjVubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hhardwareh]hhardware}(hjVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubj)}(hhh]j)}(h7Parallel port's base address, IRQ line and DMA channel.h]h9Parallel port’s base address, IRQ line and DMA channel.}(hjVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjVubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hirqh]hirq}(hjVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubj)}(hhh]j)}(hIRQ that parport is using for that port. This is in a separate file to allow you to alter it by writing a new value in (IRQ number or none).h]hIRQ that parport is using for that port. This is in a separate file to allow you to alter it by writing a new value in (IRQ number or none).}(hjVhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjVubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjUubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjUubeh}(h]id16ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhNubeh}(h]"parallel-port-info-in-proc-parportah ]h"]'1.5 parallel port info in /proc/parportah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h1.6 TTY info in /proc/ttyh]h1.6 TTY info in /proc/tty}(hjWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjWhhhhhMubj)}(hInformation about the available and actually used tty's can be found in the directory /proc/tty. You'll find entries for drivers and line disciplines in this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.h]hInformation about the available and actually used tty’s can be found in the directory /proc/tty. You’ll find entries for drivers and line disciplines in this directory, as shown in Table 1-11.}(hj$WhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(hTable 1-11: Files in /proc/ttyh]hTable 1-11: Files in /proc/tty}(hj5WhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhM hj2Wubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjCWubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK.uh1hhjCWubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hjcWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`Wubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj]Wubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjzWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjwWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj]Wubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjZWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjCWubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdriversh]hdrivers}(hjWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjWubj)}(hhh]j)}(hlist of drivers and their usageh]hlist of drivers and their usage}(hjWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjWubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hldiscsh]hldiscs}(hjWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjWubj)}(hhh]j)}(hregistered line disciplinesh]hregistered line disciplines}(hjWhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjWubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h driver/serialh]h driver/serial}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj Xubj)}(hhh]j)}(h.usage statistic and status of single tty linesh]h.usage statistic and status of single tty lines}(hj(XhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj%Xubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj Xubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjWubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjCWubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj2Wubeh}(h]id17ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjWhhhhhNubj)}(hbTo see which tty's are currently in use, you can simply look into the file /proc/tty/drivers::h]hcTo see which tty’s are currently in use, you can simply look into the file /proc/tty/drivers:}(hjVXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjWhhubj6 )}(hX> cat /proc/tty/drivers pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-255 pty:slave pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-255 pty:master pty_slave /dev/ttyp 3 0-255 pty:slave pty_master /dev/pty 2 0-255 pty:master serial /dev/cua 5 64-67 serial:callout serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-67 serial /dev/tty0 /dev/tty0 4 0 system:vtmaster /dev/ptmx /dev/ptmx 5 2 system /dev/console /dev/console 5 1 system:console /dev/tty /dev/tty 5 0 system:/dev/tty unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 consoleh]hX> cat /proc/tty/drivers pty_slave /dev/pts 136 0-255 pty:slave pty_master /dev/ptm 128 0-255 pty:master pty_slave /dev/ttyp 3 0-255 pty:slave pty_master /dev/pty 2 0-255 pty:master serial /dev/cua 5 64-67 serial:callout serial /dev/ttyS 4 64-67 serial /dev/tty0 /dev/tty0 4 0 system:vtmaster /dev/ptmx /dev/ptmx 5 2 system /dev/console /dev/console 5 1 system:console /dev/tty /dev/tty 5 0 system:/dev/tty unknown /dev/tty 4 1-63 console}hjdXsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjWhhubeh}(h]tty-info-in-proc-ttyah ]h"]1.6 tty info in /proc/ttyah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h11.7 Miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/stath]h11.7 Miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/stat}(hj}XhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjzXhhhhhM'ubj)}(hVarious pieces of information about kernel activity are available in the /proc/stat file. All of the numbers reported in this file are aggregates since the system first booted. For a quick look, simply cat the file::h]hVarious pieces of information about kernel activity are available in the /proc/stat file. All of the numbers reported in this file are aggregates since the system first booted. For a quick look, simply cat the file:}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM)hjzXhhubj6 )}(hX{> cat /proc/stat cpu 237902850 368826709 106375398 1873517540 1135548 0 14507935 0 0 0 cpu0 60045249 91891769 26331539 468411416 495718 0 5739640 0 0 0 cpu1 59746288 91759249 26609887 468860630 312281 0 4384817 0 0 0 cpu2 59489247 92985423 26904446 467808813 171668 0 2268998 0 0 0 cpu3 58622065 92190267 26529524 468436680 155879 0 2114478 0 0 0 intr 8688370575 8 3373 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40791 0 0 353317 0 0 0 0 224789828 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190974333 41958554 123983334 43 0 224593 0 0 0 ctxt 22848221062 btime 1605316999 processes 746787147 procs_running 2 procs_blocked 0 softirq 12121874454 100099120 3938138295 127375644 2795979 187870761 0 173808342 3072582055 52608 224184354h]hX{> cat /proc/stat cpu 237902850 368826709 106375398 1873517540 1135548 0 14507935 0 0 0 cpu0 60045249 91891769 26331539 468411416 495718 0 5739640 0 0 0 cpu1 59746288 91759249 26609887 468860630 312281 0 4384817 0 0 0 cpu2 59489247 92985423 26904446 467808813 171668 0 2268998 0 0 0 cpu3 58622065 92190267 26529524 468436680 155879 0 2114478 0 0 0 intr 8688370575 8 3373 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40791 0 0 353317 0 0 0 0 224789828 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 190974333 41958554 123983334 43 0 224593 0 0 0 ctxt 22848221062 btime 1605316999 processes 746787147 procs_running 2 procs_blocked 0 softirq 12121874454 100099120 3938138295 127375644 2795979 187870761 0 173808342 3072582055 52608 224184354}hjXsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM-hjzXhhubj)}(hX6The very first "cpu" line aggregates the numbers in all of the other "cpuN" lines. These numbers identify the amount of time the CPU has spent performing different kinds of work. Time units are in USER_HZ (typically hundredths of a second). The meanings of the columns are as follows, from left to right:h]hX>The very first “cpu” line aggregates the numbers in all of the other “cpuN” lines. These numbers identify the amount of time the CPU has spent performing different kinds of work. Time units are in USER_HZ (typically hundredths of a second). The meanings of the columns are as follows, from left to right:}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM;hjzXhhubjx)}(hhh](j})}(h-user: normal processes executing in user modeh]j)}(hjXh]h-user: normal processes executing in user mode}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM@hjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(h,nice: niced processes executing in user modeh]j)}(hjXh]h,nice: niced processes executing in user mode}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMAhjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(h*system: processes executing in kernel modeh]j)}(hjXh]h*system: processes executing in kernel mode}(hjXhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMBhjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hidle: twiddling thumbsh]j)}(hjXh]hidle: twiddling thumbs}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMChjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hXTiowait: In a word, iowait stands for waiting for I/O to complete. But there are several problems: 1. CPU will not wait for I/O to complete, iowait is the time that a task is waiting for I/O to complete. When CPU goes into idle state for outstanding task I/O, another task will be scheduled on this CPU. 2. In a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running on any CPU, so the iowait of each CPU is difficult to calculate. 3. The value of iowait field in /proc/stat will decrease in certain conditions. So, the iowait is not reliable by reading from /proc/stat.h](j)}(haiowait: In a word, iowait stands for waiting for I/O to complete. But there are several problems:h]haiowait: In a word, iowait stands for waiting for I/O to complete. But there are several problems:}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMDhjYubj0)}(hhh](j})}(hCPU will not wait for I/O to complete, iowait is the time that a task is waiting for I/O to complete. When CPU goes into idle state for outstanding task I/O, another task will be scheduled on this CPU.h]j)}(hCPU will not wait for I/O to complete, iowait is the time that a task is waiting for I/O to complete. When CPU goes into idle state for outstanding task I/O, another task will be scheduled on this CPU.h]hCPU will not wait for I/O to complete, iowait is the time that a task is waiting for I/O to complete. When CPU goes into idle state for outstanding task I/O, another task will be scheduled on this CPU.}(hj-YhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMGhj)Yubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj&Yubj})}(hIn a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running on any CPU, so the iowait of each CPU is difficult to calculate.h]j)}(hIn a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running on any CPU, so the iowait of each CPU is difficult to calculate.h]hIn a multi-core CPU, the task waiting for I/O to complete is not running on any CPU, so the iowait of each CPU is difficult to calculate.}(hjEYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMJhjAYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj&Yubj})}(hMThe value of iowait field in /proc/stat will decrease in certain conditions. h]j)}(hLThe value of iowait field in /proc/stat will decrease in certain conditions.h]hLThe value of iowait field in /proc/stat will decrease in certain conditions.}(hj]YhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMLhjYYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj&Yubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]j0j0j0hj0.uh1j0hjYubj)}(h:So, the iowait is not reliable by reading from /proc/stat.h]h:So, the iowait is not reliable by reading from /proc/stat.}(hjxYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMOhjYubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hirq: servicing interruptsh]j)}(hjYh]hirq: servicing interrupts}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMPhjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hsoftirq: servicing softirqsh]j)}(hjYh]hsoftirq: servicing softirqs}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMQhjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hsteal: involuntary waith]j)}(hjYh]hsteal: involuntary wait}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMRhjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(hguest: running a normal guesth]j)}(hjYh]hguest: running a normal guest}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMShjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubj})}(h"guest_nice: running a niced guest h]j)}(h!guest_nice: running a niced guesth]h!guest_nice: running a niced guest}(hjYhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMThjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjXhhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]jj;1uh1jwhhhM@hjzXhhubj)}(hX{The "intr" line gives counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each of the possible system interrupts. The first column is the total of all interrupts serviced including unnumbered architecture specific interrupts; each subsequent column is the total for that particular numbered interrupt. Unnumbered interrupts are not shown, only summed into the total.h]hXThe “intr” line gives counts of interrupts serviced since boot time, for each of the possible system interrupts. The first column is the total of all interrupts serviced including unnumbered architecture specific interrupts; each subsequent column is the total for that particular numbered interrupt. Unnumbered interrupts are not shown, only summed into the total.}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMVhjzXhhubj)}(hKThe "ctxt" line gives the total number of context switches across all CPUs.h]hOThe “ctxt” line gives the total number of context switches across all CPUs.}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM\hjzXhhubj)}(h^The "btime" line gives the time at which the system booted, in seconds since the Unix epoch.h]hbThe “btime” line gives the time at which the system booted, in seconds since the Unix epoch.}(hj"ZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^hjzXhhubj)}(hThe "processes" line gives the number of processes and threads created, which includes (but is not limited to) those created by calls to the fork() and clone() system calls.h]hThe “processes” line gives the number of processes and threads created, which includes (but is not limited to) those created by calls to the fork() and clone() system calls.}(hj0ZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMahjzXhhubj)}(hThe "procs_running" line gives the total number of threads that are running or ready to run (i.e., the total number of runnable threads).h]hThe “procs_running” line gives the total number of threads that are running or ready to run (i.e., the total number of runnable threads).}(hj>ZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMehjzXhhubj)}(hkThe "procs_blocked" line gives the number of processes currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.h]hoThe “procs_blocked” line gives the number of processes currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.}(hjLZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhhjzXhhubj)}(hThe "softirq" line gives counts of softirqs serviced since boot time, for each of the possible system softirqs. The first column is the total of all softirqs serviced; each subsequent column is the total for that particular softirq.h]hThe “softirq” line gives counts of softirqs serviced since boot time, for each of the possible system softirqs. The first column is the total of all softirqs serviced; each subsequent column is the total for that particular softirq.}(hjZZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMkhjzXhhubeh}(h],miscellaneous-kernel-statistics-in-proc-statah ]h"]11.7 miscellaneous kernel statistics in /proc/statah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhM'ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h1.8 Ext4 file system parametersh]h1.8 Ext4 file system parameters}(hjsZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjpZhhhhhMrubj)}(hX3Information about mounted ext4 file systems can be found in /proc/fs/ext4. Each mounted filesystem will have a directory in /proc/fs/ext4 based on its device name (i.e., /proc/fs/ext4/hdc or /proc/fs/ext4/sda9 or /proc/fs/ext4/dm-0). The files in each per-device directory are shown in Table 1-12, below.h]hX3Information about mounted ext4 file systems can be found in /proc/fs/ext4. Each mounted filesystem will have a directory in /proc/fs/ext4 based on its device name (i.e., /proc/fs/ext4/hdc or /proc/fs/ext4/sda9 or /proc/fs/ext4/dm-0). The files in each per-device directory are shown in Table 1-12, below.}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMthjpZhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h,Table 1-12: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/h]h,Table 1-12: Files in /proc/fs/ext4/}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhMzhjZubh)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhjZubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK:uh1hhjZubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hFileh]hFile}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM}hjZubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubj)}(hhh]j)}(hContenth]hContent}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM}hjZubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjZubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h mb_groupsh]h mb_groups}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM~hjZubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubj)}(hhh]j)}(h:details of multiblock allocator buddy cache of free blocksh]h:details of multiblock allocator buddy cache of free blocks}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM~hj [ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjZubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjZubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjZubeh}(h]id18ah ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjpZhhhhhNubeh}(h]ext4-file-system-parametersah ]h"]1.8 ext4 file system parametersah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMrubh)}(hhh](h)}(h1.9 /proc/consolesh]h1.9 /proc/consoles}(hjG[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjD[hhhhhMubj)}(h&Shows registered system console lines.h]h&Shows registered system console lines.}(hjU[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjD[hhubj)}(hTo see which character device lines are currently used for the system console /dev/console, you may simply look into the file /proc/consoles::h]hTo see which character device lines are currently used for the system console /dev/console, you may simply look into the file /proc/consoles:}(hjc[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjD[hhubj6 )}(hg> cat /proc/consoles tty0 -WU (ECp) 4:7 ttyS0 -W- (Ep) 4:64h]hg> cat /proc/consoles tty0 -WU (ECp) 4:7 ttyS0 -W- (Ep) 4:64}hjq[sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjD[hhubj)}(hThe columns are:h]hThe columns are:}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjD[hhubh)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhj[ubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK7uh1hhj[ubj)}(hhh]j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hdeviceh]hdevice}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubj)}(hhh]j)}(hname of the deviceh]hname of the device}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj[ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h operationsh]h operations}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubj)}(hhh]jx)}(hhh](j})}(hR = can do read operationsh]j)}(hj \h]hR = can do read operations}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj \ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj\ubj})}(hW = can do write operationsh]j)}(hj#\h]hW = can do write operations}(hj%\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj!\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj\ubj})}(hU = can do unblankh]j)}(hj:\h]hU = can do unblank}(hj<\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj8\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj\ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]jjuh1jwhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj[ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hflagsh]hflags}(hjg\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjd\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhja\ubj)}(hhh]jx)}(hhh](j})}(hE = it is enabledh]j)}(hj\h]hE = it is enabled}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubj})}(hC = it is preferred consoleh]j)}(hj\h]hC = it is preferred console}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubj})}(hB = it is primary boot consoleh]j)}(hj\h]hB = it is primary boot console}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubj})}(h p = it is used for printk bufferh]j)}(hj\h]h p = it is used for printk buffer}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubj})}(h(b = it is not a TTY but a Braille deviceh]j)}(hj\h]h(b = it is not a TTY but a Braille device}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubj})}(h)a = it is safe to use when cpu is offlineh]j)}(hj\h]h)a = it is safe to use when cpu is offline}(hj\hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj~\ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]jjuh1jwhhhMhj{\ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhja\ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj[ubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h major:minorh]h major:minor}(hj#]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj ]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj]ubj)}(hhh]j)}(h9major and minor number of the device separated by a colonh]h9major and minor number of the device separated by a colon}(hj:]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj]ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hj[ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj[ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhj[ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjD[hhhhhNubeh}(h] proc-consolesah ]h"]1.9 /proc/consolesah$]h&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hSummaryh]hSummary}(hjr]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjo]hhhhhMubj)}(hThe /proc file system serves information about the running system. It not only allows access to process data but also allows you to request the kernel status by reading files in the hierarchy.h]hThe /proc file system serves information about the running system. It not only allows access to process data but also allows you to request the kernel status by reading files in the hierarchy.}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjo]hhubj)}(hThe directory structure of /proc reflects the types of information and makes it easy, if not obvious, where to look for specific data.h]hThe directory structure of /proc reflects the types of information and makes it easy, if not obvious, where to look for specific data.}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjo]hhubeh}(h]summaryah ]h"]h$]summaryah&]uh1hhjUhhhhhMjKubeh}(h]'chapter-1-collecting-system-informationah ]h"](chapter 1: collecting system informationah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKSubh)}(hhh](h)}(h&Chapter 2: Modifying System Parametersh]h&Chapter 2: Modifying System Parameters}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj]hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hIn This Chapterh]hIn This Chapter}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj]hhhhhMubjx)}(hhh](j})}(hDModifying kernel parameters by writing into files found in /proc/sysh]j)}(hj]h]hDModifying kernel parameters by writing into files found in /proc/sys}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj]hhhhhNubj})}(h3Exploring the files which modify certain parametersh]j)}(hj]h]h3Exploring the files which modify certain parameters}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj]hhhhhNubj})}(h"Review of the /proc/sys file tree h]j)}(h!Review of the /proc/sys file treeh]h!Review of the /proc/sys file tree}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj]hhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]jjuh1jwhhhMhj]hhubj)}(hN------------------------------------------------------------------------------h]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]hhubj)}(hX A very interesting part of /proc is the directory /proc/sys. This is not only a source of information, it also allows you to change parameters within the kernel. Be very careful when attempting this. You can optimize your system, but you can also cause it to crash. Never alter kernel parameters on a production system. Set up a development machine and test to make sure that everything works the way you want it to. You may have no alternative but to reboot the machine once an error has been made.h]hX A very interesting part of /proc is the directory /proc/sys. This is not only a source of information, it also allows you to change parameters within the kernel. Be very careful when attempting this. You can optimize your system, but you can also cause it to crash. Never alter kernel parameters on a production system. Set up a development machine and test to make sure that everything works the way you want it to. You may have no alternative but to reboot the machine once an error has been made.}(hj'^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]hhubj)}(hTo change a value, simply echo the new value into the file. You need to be root to do this. You can create your own boot script to perform this every time your system boots.h]hTo change a value, simply echo the new value into the file. You need to be root to do this. You can create your own boot script to perform this every time your system boots.}(hj5^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]hhubj)}(hXThe files in /proc/sys can be used to fine tune and monitor miscellaneous and general things in the operation of the Linux kernel. Since some of the files can inadvertently disrupt your system, it is advisable to read both documentation and source before actually making adjustments. In any case, be very careful when writing to any of these files. The entries in /proc may change slightly between the 2.1.* and the 2.2 kernel, so if there is any doubt review the kernel documentation in the directory linux/Documentation. This chapter is heavily based on the documentation included in the pre 2.2 kernels, and became part of it in version 2.2.1 of the Linux kernel.h]hXThe files in /proc/sys can be used to fine tune and monitor miscellaneous and general things in the operation of the Linux kernel. Since some of the files can inadvertently disrupt your system, it is advisable to read both documentation and source before actually making adjustments. In any case, be very careful when writing to any of these files. The entries in /proc may change slightly between the 2.1.* and the 2.2 kernel, so if there is any doubt review the kernel documentation in the directory linux/Documentation. This chapter is heavily based on the documentation included in the pre 2.2 kernels, and became part of it in version 2.2.1 of the Linux kernel.}(hjC^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]hhubj)}(hZPlease see: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/ directory for descriptions of these entries.h]hZPlease see: Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/ directory for descriptions of these entries.}(hjQ^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj]hhubeh}(h]id1ah ]h"]h$]jah&]uh1hhj]hhhhhMjKubh)}(hhh](h)}(hSummaryh]hSummary}(hji^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjf^hhhhhMubj)}(hXJCertain aspects of kernel behavior can be modified at runtime, without the need to recompile the kernel, or even to reboot the system. The files in the /proc/sys tree can not only be read, but also modified. You can use the echo command to write value into these files, thereby changing the default settings of the kernel.h]hXJCertain aspects of kernel behavior can be modified at runtime, without the need to recompile the kernel, or even to reboot the system. The files in the /proc/sys tree can not only be read, but also modified. You can use the echo command to write value into these files, thereby changing the default settings of the kernel.}(hjw^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjf^hhubeh}(h]id2ah ]h"]h$]j]ah&]uh1hhj]hhhhhMjKubeh}(h]%chapter-2-modifying-system-parametersah ]h"]&chapter 2: modifying system parametersah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h!Chapter 3: Per-process Parametersh]h!Chapter 3: Per-process Parameters}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hP3.1 /proc//oom_adj & /proc//oom_score_adj- Adjust the oom-killer scoreh]hP3.1 /proc//oom_adj & /proc//oom_score_adj- Adjust the oom-killer score}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubj)}(hThese files can be used to adjust the badness heuristic used to select which process gets killed in out of memory (oom) conditions.h]hThese files can be used to adjust the badness heuristic used to select which process gets killed in out of memory (oom) conditions.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hXThe badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 (never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is targeted. The units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed memory the process may allocate from based on an estimation of its current memory and swap use. For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its badness score will be 1000. If it is using half of its allowed memory, its score will be 500.h]hXThe badness heuristic assigns a value to each candidate task ranging from 0 (never kill) to 1000 (always kill) to determine which process is targeted. The units are roughly a proportion along that range of allowed memory the process may allocate from based on an estimation of its current memory and swap use. For example, if a task is using all allowed memory, its badness score will be 1000. If it is using half of its allowed memory, its score will be 500.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hXNThe amount of "allowed" memory depends on the context in which the oom killer was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the allocating task's cpuset being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mems assigned to that cpuset. If it is due to a mempolicy's node(s) being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mempolicy nodes. If it is due to a memory limit (or swap limit) being reached, the allowed memory is that configured limit. Finally, if it is due to the entire system being out of memory, the allowed memory represents all allocatable resources.h]hXVThe amount of “allowed” memory depends on the context in which the oom killer was called. If it is due to the memory assigned to the allocating task’s cpuset being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mems assigned to that cpuset. If it is due to a mempolicy’s node(s) being exhausted, the allowed memory represents the set of mempolicy nodes. If it is due to a memory limit (or swap limit) being reached, the allowed memory is that configured limit. Finally, if it is due to the entire system being out of memory, the allowed memory represents all allocatable resources.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hXThe value of /proc//oom_score_adj is added to the badness score before it is used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) to +1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX). This allows userspace to polarize the preference for oom killing either by always preferring a certain task or completely disabling it. The lowest possible value, -1000, is equivalent to disabling oom killing entirely for that task since it will always report a badness score of 0.h]hXThe value of /proc//oom_score_adj is added to the badness score before it is used to determine which task to kill. Acceptable values range from -1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MIN) to +1000 (OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX). This allows userspace to polarize the preference for oom killing either by always preferring a certain task or completely disabling it. The lowest possible value, -1000, is equivalent to disabling oom killing entirely for that task since it will always report a badness score of 0.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hXConsequently, it is very simple for userspace to define the amount of memory to consider for each task. Setting a /proc//oom_score_adj value of +500, for example, is roughly equivalent to allowing the remainder of tasks sharing the same system, cpuset, mempolicy, or memory controller resources to use at least 50% more memory. A value of -500, on the other hand, would be roughly equivalent to discounting 50% of the task's allowed memory from being considered as scoring against the task.h]hXConsequently, it is very simple for userspace to define the amount of memory to consider for each task. Setting a /proc//oom_score_adj value of +500, for example, is roughly equivalent to allowing the remainder of tasks sharing the same system, cpuset, mempolicy, or memory controller resources to use at least 50% more memory. A value of -500, on the other hand, would be roughly equivalent to discounting 50% of the task’s allowed memory from being considered as scoring against the task.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hXWFor backwards compatibility with previous kernels, /proc//oom_adj may also be used to tune the badness score. Its acceptable values range from -16 (OOM_ADJUST_MIN) to +15 (OOM_ADJUST_MAX) and a special value of -17 (OOM_DISABLE) to disable oom killing entirely for that task. Its value is scaled linearly with /proc//oom_score_adj.h]hXWFor backwards compatibility with previous kernels, /proc//oom_adj may also be used to tune the badness score. Its acceptable values range from -16 (OOM_ADJUST_MIN) to +15 (OOM_ADJUST_MAX) and a special value of -17 (OOM_DISABLE) to disable oom killing entirely for that task. Its value is scaled linearly with /proc//oom_score_adj.}(hj^hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubj)}(hThe value of /proc//oom_score_adj may be reduced no lower than the last value set by a CAP_SYS_RESOURCE process. To reduce the value any lower requires CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.h]hThe value of /proc//oom_score_adj may be reduced no lower than the last value set by a CAP_SYS_RESOURCE process. To reduce the value any lower requires CAP_SYS_RESOURCE.}(hj _hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^hhubeh}(h]Cproc-pid-oom-adj-proc-pid-oom-score-adj-adjust-the-oom-killer-scoreah ]h"]P3.1 /proc//oom_adj & /proc//oom_score_adj- adjust the oom-killer scoreah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h<3.2 /proc//oom_score - Display current oom-killer scoreh]h<3.2 /proc//oom_score - Display current oom-killer score}(hj#_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj _hhhhhMubj)}(hThis file can be used to check the current score used by the oom-killer for any given . Use it together with /proc//oom_score_adj to tune which process should be killed in an out-of-memory situation.h]hThis file can be used to check the current score used by the oom-killer for any given . Use it together with /proc//oom_score_adj to tune which process should be killed in an out-of-memory situation.}(hj1_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj _hhubj)}(hbPlease note that the exported value includes oom_score_adj so it is effectively in range [0,2000].h]hbPlease note that the exported value includes oom_score_adj so it is effectively in range [0,2000].}(hj?_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj _hhubeh}(h]3proc-pid-oom-score-display-current-oom-killer-scoreah ]h"]<3.2 /proc//oom_score - display current oom-killer scoreah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h63.3 /proc//io - Display the IO accounting fieldsh]h63.3 /proc//io - Display the IO accounting fields}(hjX_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjU_hhhhhMubj)}(h:This file contains IO statistics for each running process.h]h:This file contains IO statistics for each running process.}(hjf_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjU_hhubh)}(hhh](h)}(hExampleh]hExample}(hjw_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjt_hhhhhMubj6 )}(htest:/tmp # dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/test.dat & [1] 3828 test:/tmp # cat /proc/3828/io rchar: 323934931 wchar: 323929600 syscr: 632687 syscw: 632675 read_bytes: 0 write_bytes: 323932160 cancelled_write_bytes: 0h]htest:/tmp # dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/test.dat & [1] 3828 test:/tmp # cat /proc/3828/io rchar: 323934931 wchar: 323929600 syscr: 632687 syscw: 632675 read_bytes: 0 write_bytes: 323932160 cancelled_write_bytes: 0}hj_sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM"hjt_hhubeh}(h]exampleah ]h"]h$]exampleah&]uh1hhjU_hhhhhMjKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Descriptionh]h Description}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM0ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hrcharh]hrchar}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM3ubj)}(hXPI/O counter: chars read The number of bytes which this task has caused to be read from storage. This is simply the sum of bytes which this process passed to read() and pread(). It includes things like tty IO and it is unaffected by whether or not actual physical disk IO was required (the read might have been satisfied from pagecache).h]hXPI/O counter: chars read The number of bytes which this task has caused to be read from storage. This is simply the sum of bytes which this process passed to read() and pread(). It includes things like tty IO and it is unaffected by whether or not actual physical disk IO was required (the read might have been satisfied from pagecache).}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM5hj_hhubeh}(h]rcharah ]h"]rcharah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM3ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hwcharh]hwchar}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM>ubj)}(hI/O counter: chars written The number of bytes which this task has caused, or shall cause to be written to disk. Similar caveats apply here as with rchar.h]hI/O counter: chars written The number of bytes which this task has caused, or shall cause to be written to disk. Similar caveats apply here as with rchar.}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM@hj_hhubeh}(h]wcharah ]h"]wcharah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM>ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hsyscrh]hsyscr}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhMFubj)}(huI/O counter: read syscalls Attempt to count the number of read I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like read() and pread().h]huI/O counter: read syscalls Attempt to count the number of read I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like read() and pread().}(hj `hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMHhj_hhubeh}(h]syscrah ]h"]syscrah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhMFubh)}(hhh](h)}(hsyscwh]hsyscw}(hj$`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj!`hhhhhMNubj)}(hyI/O counter: write syscalls Attempt to count the number of write I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like write() and pwrite().h]hyI/O counter: write syscalls Attempt to count the number of write I/O operations, i.e. syscalls like write() and pwrite().}(hj2`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMPhj!`hhubeh}(h]syscwah ]h"]syscwah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhMNubh)}(hhh](h)}(h read_bytesh]h read_bytes}(hjK`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjH`hhhhhMVubj)}(hXI/O counter: bytes read Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause to be fetched from the storage layer. Done at the submit_bio() level, so it is accurate for block-backed filesystems. h]hXI/O counter: bytes read Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process really did cause to be fetched from the storage layer. Done at the submit_bio() level, so it is accurate for block-backed filesystems. }(hjY`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMXhjH`hhubeh}(h] read-bytesah ]h"] read_bytesah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhMVubh)}(hhh](h)}(h write_bytesh]h write_bytes}(hjr`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjo`hhhhhM`ubj)}(hI/O counter: bytes written Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent to the storage layer. This is done at page-dirtying time.h]hI/O counter: bytes written Attempt to count the number of bytes which this process caused to be sent to the storage layer. This is done at page-dirtying time.}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMbhjo`hhubeh}(h] write-bytesah ]h"] write_bytesah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhM`ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hcancelled_write_bytesh]hcancelled_write_bytes}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj`hhhhhMhubj)}(hXMThe big inaccuracy here is truncate. If a process writes 1MB to a file and then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout. But it will have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write. In other words: The number of bytes which this process caused to not happen, by truncating pagecache. A task can cause "negative" IO too. If this task truncates some dirty pagecache, some IO which another task has been accounted for (in its write_bytes) will not be happening. We _could_ just subtract that from the truncating task's write_bytes, but there is information loss in doing that.h]hXSThe big inaccuracy here is truncate. If a process writes 1MB to a file and then deletes the file, it will in fact perform no writeout. But it will have been accounted as having caused 1MB of write. In other words: The number of bytes which this process caused to not happen, by truncating pagecache. A task can cause “negative” IO too. If this task truncates some dirty pagecache, some IO which another task has been accounted for (in its write_bytes) will not be happening. We _could_ just subtract that from the truncating task’s write_bytes, but there is information loss in doing that.}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMjhj`hhubhnote)}(hAt its current implementation state, this is a bit racy on 32-bit machines: if process A reads process B's /proc/pid/io while process B is updating one of those 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate result.h]j)}(hAt its current implementation state, this is a bit racy on 32-bit machines: if process A reads process B's /proc/pid/io while process B is updating one of those 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate result.h]hAt its current implementation state, this is a bit racy on 32-bit machines: if process A reads process B’s /proc/pid/io while process B is updating one of those 64-bit counters, process A could see an intermediate result.}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMwhj`ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j`hj`hhhhhNubj)}(hhMore information about this can be found within the taskstats documentation in Documentation/accounting.h]hhMore information about this can be found within the taskstats documentation in Documentation/accounting.}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM|hj`hhubeh}(h]cancelled-write-bytesah ]h"]cancelled_write_bytesah$]h&]uh1hhj_hhhhhMhubeh}(h] descriptionah ]h"]h$] descriptionah&]uh1hhjU_hhhhhM0jKubeh}(h],proc-pid-io-display-the-io-accounting-fieldsah ]h"]53.3 /proc//io - display the io accounting fieldsah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h>3.4 /proc//coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settingsh]h>3.4 /proc//coredump_filter - Core dump filtering settings}(hj`hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj`hhhhhMubj)}(hXQWhen a process is dumped, all anonymous memory is written to a core file as long as the size of the core file isn't limited. But sometimes we don't want to dump some memory segments, for example, huge shared memory or DAX. Conversely, sometimes we want to save file-backed memory segments into a core file, not only the individual files.h]hXUWhen a process is dumped, all anonymous memory is written to a core file as long as the size of the core file isn’t limited. But sometimes we don’t want to dump some memory segments, for example, huge shared memory or DAX. Conversely, sometimes we want to save file-backed memory segments into a core file, not only the individual files.}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj)}(hX$/proc//coredump_filter allows you to customize which memory segments will be dumped when the process is dumped. coredump_filter is a bitmask of memory types. If a bit of the bitmask is set, memory segments of the corresponding memory type are dumped, otherwise they are not dumped.h]hX$/proc//coredump_filter allows you to customize which memory segments will be dumped when the process is dumped. coredump_filter is a bitmask of memory types. If a bit of the bitmask is set, memory segments of the corresponding memory type are dumped, otherwise they are not dumped.}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj)}(h+The following 9 memory types are supported:h]h+The following 9 memory types are supported:}(hj"ahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj$)}(hX- (bit 0) anonymous private memory - (bit 1) anonymous shared memory - (bit 2) file-backed private memory - (bit 3) file-backed shared memory - (bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is effective only if the bit 2 is cleared) - (bit 5) hugetlb private memory - (bit 6) hugetlb shared memory - (bit 7) DAX private memory - (bit 8) DAX shared memory Note that MMIO pages such as frame buffer are never dumped and vDSO pages are always dumped regardless of the bitmask status. Note that bits 0-4 don't affect hugetlb or DAX memory. hugetlb memory is only affected by bit 5-6, and DAX is only affected by bits 7-8. h](jx)}(hhh](j})}(h (bit 0) anonymous private memoryh]j)}(hj9ah]h (bit 0) anonymous private memory}(hj;ahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj7aubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h(bit 1) anonymous shared memoryh]j)}(hjPah]h(bit 1) anonymous shared memory}(hjRahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjNaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h"(bit 2) file-backed private memoryh]j)}(hjgah]h"(bit 2) file-backed private memory}(hjiahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjeaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h!(bit 3) file-backed shared memoryh]j)}(hj~ah]h!(bit 3) file-backed shared memory}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj|aubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(hk(bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is effective only if the bit 2 is cleared)h]j)}(hk(bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is effective only if the bit 2 is cleared)h]hk(bit 4) ELF header pages in file-backed private memory areas (it is effective only if the bit 2 is cleared)}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h(bit 5) hugetlb private memoryh]j)}(hjah]h(bit 5) hugetlb private memory}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h(bit 6) hugetlb shared memoryh]j)}(hjah]h(bit 6) hugetlb shared memory}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h(bit 7) DAX private memoryh]j)}(hjah]h(bit 7) DAX private memory}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubj})}(h(bit 8) DAX shared memory h]j)}(h(bit 8) DAX shared memoryh]h(bit 8) DAX shared memory}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjaubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hj4aubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]jj;1uh1jwhhhMhj0aubj)}(h}Note that MMIO pages such as frame buffer are never dumped and vDSO pages are always dumped regardless of the bitmask status.h]h}Note that MMIO pages such as frame buffer are never dumped and vDSO pages are always dumped regardless of the bitmask status.}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj0aubj)}(hNote that bits 0-4 don't affect hugetlb or DAX memory. hugetlb memory is only affected by bit 5-6, and DAX is only affected by bits 7-8.h]hNote that bits 0-4 don’t affect hugetlb or DAX memory. hugetlb memory is only affected by bit 5-6, and DAX is only affected by bits 7-8.}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj0aubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhj`hhubj)}(hThe default value of coredump_filter is 0x33; this means all anonymous memory segments, ELF header pages and hugetlb private memory are dumped.h]hThe default value of coredump_filter is 0x33; this means all anonymous memory segments, ELF header pages and hugetlb private memory are dumped.}(hj0bhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj)}(hrIf you don't want to dump all shared memory segments attached to pid 1234, write 0x31 to the process's proc file::h]huIf you don’t want to dump all shared memory segments attached to pid 1234, write 0x31 to the process’s proc file:}(hj>bhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj6 )}(h($ echo 0x31 > /proc/1234/coredump_filterh]h($ echo 0x31 > /proc/1234/coredump_filter}hjLbsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj`hhubj)}(hWhen a new process is created, the process inherits the bitmask status from its parent. It is useful to set up coredump_filter before the program runs. For example::h]hWhen a new process is created, the process inherits the bitmask status from its parent. It is useful to set up coredump_filter before the program runs. For example:}(hjZbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj`hhubj6 )}(h8$ echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter $ ./some_programh]h8$ echo 0x7 > /proc/self/coredump_filter $ ./some_program}hjhbsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj`hhubeh}(h]5proc-pid-coredump-filter-core-dump-filtering-settingsah ]h"]>3.4 /proc//coredump_filter - core dump filtering settingsah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h83.5 /proc//mountinfo - Information about mountsh]h83.5 /proc//mountinfo - Information about mounts}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj~bhhhhhMubj)}(h&This file contains lines of the form::h]h%This file contains lines of the form:}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj~bhhubj6 )}(hX^36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue (1)(2)(3) (4) (5) (6) (n…m) (m+1)(m+2) (m+3) (m+4) (1) mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after umount) (2) parent ID: ID of parent (or of self for the top of the mount tree) (3) major:minor: value of st_dev for files on filesystem (4) root: root of the mount within the filesystem (5) mount point: mount point relative to the process's root (6) mount options: per mount options (n…m) optional fields: zero or more fields of the form "tag[:value]" (m+1) separator: marks the end of the optional fields (m+2) filesystem type: name of filesystem of the form "type[.subtype]" (m+3) mount source: filesystem specific information or "none" (m+4) super options: per super block optionsh]hX^36 35 98:0 /mnt1 /mnt2 rw,noatime master:1 - ext3 /dev/root rw,errors=continue (1)(2)(3) (4) (5) (6) (n…m) (m+1)(m+2) (m+3) (m+4) (1) mount ID: unique identifier of the mount (may be reused after umount) (2) parent ID: ID of parent (or of self for the top of the mount tree) (3) major:minor: value of st_dev for files on filesystem (4) root: root of the mount within the filesystem (5) mount point: mount point relative to the process's root (6) mount options: per mount options (n…m) optional fields: zero or more fields of the form "tag[:value]" (m+1) separator: marks the end of the optional fields (m+2) filesystem type: name of filesystem of the form "type[.subtype]" (m+3) mount source: filesystem specific information or "none" (m+4) super options: per super block options}hjbsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj~bhhubj)}(hdParsers should ignore all unrecognised optional fields. Currently the possible optional fields are:h]hdParsers should ignore all unrecognised optional fields. Currently the possible optional fields are:}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj~bhhubh)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthKuh1hhjbubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK>uh1hhjbubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hshared:Xh]hshared:X}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjbubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjbubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmount is shared in peer group Xh]hmount is shared in peer group X}(hjbhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjbubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjbubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjbubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hmaster:Xh]hmaster:X}(hjchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjcubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj cubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmount is slave to peer group Xh]hmount is slave to peer group X}(hj*chhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj'cubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj cubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjbubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpropagate_from:Xh]hpropagate_from:X}(hjJchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjGcubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjDcubj)}(hhh]j)}(h>mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X [#]_h](h:mount is slave and receives propagation from peer group X }(hjachhhNhNubhfootnote_reference)}(h[#]_h]h1}(hjkchhhNhNubah}(h]id3ah ]h"]h$]h&]autoKrefidid4docnamefilesystems/procuh1jichjacresolvedKubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj^cubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjDcubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjbubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(h unbindableh]h unbindable}(hjchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjcubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjcubj)}(hhh]j)}(hmount is unbindableh]hmount is unbindable}(hjchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjcubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjcubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjbubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjbubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjbubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj~bhhhhhNubhfootnote)}(hX is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root. If X is the immediate master of the mount, or if there's no dominant peer group under the same root, then only the "master:X" field is present and not the "propagate_from:X" field. h](hlabel)}(hhh]h1}(hjchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jchjchhhNhNubj)}(hX is the closest dominant peer group under the process's root. If X is the immediate master of the mount, or if there's no dominant peer group under the same root, then only the "master:X" field is present and not the "propagate_from:X" field.h]hXX is the closest dominant peer group under the process’s root. If X is the immediate master of the mount, or if there’s no dominant peer group under the same root, then only the “master:X” field is present and not the “propagate_from:X” field.}(hjchhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjcubeh}(h]j|cah ]h"]1ah$]h&]jucajzcKj}cj~cuh1jchhhMhj~bhhubj)}(h.For more information on mount propagation see:h]h.For more information on mount propagation see:}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj~bhhubj$)}(h-Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst h]j)}(h+Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rsth]h+Documentation/filesystems/sharedsubtree.rst}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjdubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhj~bhhubeh}(h]+proc-pid-mountinfo-information-about-mountsah ]h"]43.5 /proc//mountinfo - information about mountsah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h73.6 /proc//comm & /proc//task//commh]h73.6 /proc//comm & /proc//task//comm}(hj7dhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj4dhhhhhMubj)}(hXdThese files provide a method to access a task's comm value. It also allows for a task to set its own or one of its thread siblings comm value. The comm value is limited in size compared to the cmdline value, so writing anything longer then the kernel's TASK_COMM_LEN (currently 16 chars, including the NUL terminator) will result in a truncated comm value.h]hXhThese files provide a method to access a task’s comm value. It also allows for a task to set its own or one of its thread siblings comm value. The comm value is limited in size compared to the cmdline value, so writing anything longer then the kernel’s TASK_COMM_LEN (currently 16 chars, including the NUL terminator) will result in a truncated comm value.}(hjEdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj4dhhubeh}(h]$proc-pid-comm-proc-pid-task-tid-commah ]h"]23.6 /proc//comm & /proc//task//commah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hI3.7 /proc//task//children - Information about task childrenh]hI3.7 /proc//task//children - Information about task children}(hj^dhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj[dhhhhhMubj)}(hThis file provides a fast way to retrieve first level children pids of a task pointed by / pair. The format is a space separated stream of pids.h]hThis file provides a fast way to retrieve first level children pids of a task pointed by / pair. The format is a space separated stream of pids.}(hjldhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[dhhubj)}(hNote the "first level" here -- if a child has its own children they will not be listed here; one needs to read /proc//task//children to obtain the descendants.h]hNote the “first level” here -- if a child has its own children they will not be listed here; one needs to read /proc//task//children to obtain the descendants.}(hjzdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[dhhubj)}(hX(Since this interface is intended to be fast and cheap it doesn't guarantee to provide precise results and some children might be skipped, especially if they've exited right after we printed their pids, so one needs to either stop or freeze processes being inspected if precise results are needed.h]hX,Since this interface is intended to be fast and cheap it doesn’t guarantee to provide precise results and some children might be skipped, especially if they’ve exited right after we printed their pids, so one needs to either stop or freeze processes being inspected if precise results are needed.}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj[dhhubeh}(h]:proc-pid-task-tid-children-information-about-task-childrenah ]h"]E3.7 /proc//task//children - information about task childrenah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h?3.8 /proc//fdinfo/ - Information about opened fileh]h?3.8 /proc//fdinfo/ - Information about opened file}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhMubj)}(hXThis file provides information associated with an opened file. The regular files have at least four fields -- 'pos', 'flags', 'mnt_id' and 'ino'. The 'pos' represents the current offset of the opened file in decimal form [see lseek(2) for details], 'flags' denotes the octal O_xxx mask the file has been created with [see open(2) for details] and 'mnt_id' represents mount ID of the file system containing the opened file [see 3.5 /proc//mountinfo for details]. 'ino' represents the inode number of the file.h]hX!This file provides information associated with an opened file. The regular files have at least four fields -- ‘pos’, ‘flags’, ‘mnt_id’ and ‘ino’. The ‘pos’ represents the current offset of the opened file in decimal form [see lseek(2) for details], ‘flags’ denotes the octal O_xxx mask the file has been created with [see open(2) for details] and ‘mnt_id’ represents mount ID of the file system containing the opened file [see 3.5 /proc//mountinfo for details]. ‘ino’ represents the inode number of the file.}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjdhhubj)}(hA typical output is::h]hA typical output is:}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjdhhubj6 )}(h2pos: 0 flags: 0100002 mnt_id: 19 ino: 63107h]h2pos: 0 flags: 0100002 mnt_id: 19 ino: 63107}hjdsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjdhhubj)}(hIAll locks associated with a file descriptor are shown in its fdinfo too::h]hHAll locks associated with a file descriptor are shown in its fdinfo too:}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjdhhubj6 )}(h;lock: 1: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 359 00:13:11691 0 EOFh]h;lock: 1: FLOCK ADVISORY WRITE 359 00:13:11691 0 EOF}hjdsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjdhhubj)}(hThe files such as eventfd, fsnotify, signalfd, epoll among the regular pos/flags pair provide additional information particular to the objects they represent.h]hThe files such as eventfd, fsnotify, signalfd, epoll among the regular pos/flags pair provide additional information particular to the objects they represent.}(hjdhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjdhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Eventfd filesh]h Eventfd files}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjehhhhhM ubj6 )}(hBpos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 eventfd-count: 5ah]hBpos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 eventfd-count: 5a}hjesbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjehhubj)}(h0where 'eventfd-count' is hex value of a counter.h]h4where ‘eventfd-count’ is hex value of a counter.}(hj"ehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjehhubeh}(h] eventfd-filesah ]h"] eventfd filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhM ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hSignalfd filesh]hSignalfd files}(hj;ehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj8ehhhhhMubj6 )}(hPpos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 sigmask: 0000000000000200h]hPpos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 sigmask: 0000000000000200}hjIesbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhj8ehhubj)}(hGwhere 'sigmask' is hex value of the signal mask associated with a file.h]hKwhere ‘sigmask’ is hex value of the signal mask associated with a file.}(hjWehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM!hj8ehhubeh}(h]signalfd-filesah ]h"]signalfd filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Epoll filesh]h Epoll files}(hjpehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjmehhhhhM%ubj6 )}(hxpos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 tfd: 5 events: 1d data: ffffffffffffffff pos:0 ino:61af sdev:7h]hxpos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 tfd: 5 events: 1d data: ffffffffffffffff pos:0 ino:61af sdev:7}hj~esbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM)hjmehhubj)}(hwhere 'tfd' is a target file descriptor number in decimal form, 'events' is events mask being watched and the 'data' is data associated with a target [see epoll(7) for more details].h]hwhere ‘tfd’ is a target file descriptor number in decimal form, ‘events’ is events mask being watched and the ‘data’ is data associated with a target [see epoll(7) for more details].}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM/hjmehhubj)}(hThe 'pos' is current offset of the target file in decimal form [see lseek(2)], 'ino' and 'sdev' are inode and device numbers where target file resides, all in hex format.h]hThe ‘pos’ is current offset of the target file in decimal form [see lseek(2)], ‘ino’ and ‘sdev’ are inode and device numbers where target file resides, all in hex format.}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM3hjmehhubeh}(h] epoll-filesah ]h"] epoll filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhM%ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hFsnotify filesh]hFsnotify files}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjehhhhhM8ubj)}(h/For inotify files the format is the following::h]h.For inotify files the format is the following:}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM9hjehhubj6 )}(hpos: 0 flags: 02000000 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 inotify wd:3 ino:9e7e sdev:800013 mask:800afce ignored_mask:0 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_handle:7e9e0000640d1b6dh]hpos: 0 flags: 02000000 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 inotify wd:3 ino:9e7e sdev:800013 mask:800afce ignored_mask:0 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_handle:7e9e0000640d1b6d}hjesbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM;hjehhubj)}(hwhere 'wd' is a watch descriptor in decimal form, i.e. a target file descriptor number, 'ino' and 'sdev' are inode and device where the target file resides and the 'mask' is the mask of events, all in hex form [see inotify(7) for more details].h]hXwhere ‘wd’ is a watch descriptor in decimal form, i.e. a target file descriptor number, ‘ino’ and ‘sdev’ are inode and device where the target file resides and the ‘mask’ is the mask of events, all in hex form [see inotify(7) for more details].}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMAhjehhubj)}(hIf the kernel was built with exportfs support, the path to the target file is encoded as a file handle. The file handle is provided by three fields 'fhandle-bytes', 'fhandle-type' and 'f_handle', all in hex format.h]hIf the kernel was built with exportfs support, the path to the target file is encoded as a file handle. The file handle is provided by three fields ‘fhandle-bytes’, ‘fhandle-type’ and ‘f_handle’, all in hex format.}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMFhjehhubj)}(hUIf the kernel is built without exportfs support the file handle won't be printed out.h]hWIf the kernel is built without exportfs support the file handle won’t be printed out.}(hjehhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMKhjehhubj)}(hLIf there is no inotify mark attached yet the 'inotify' line will be omitted.h]hPIf there is no inotify mark attached yet the ‘inotify’ line will be omitted.}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMNhjehhubj)}(h"For fanotify files the format is::h]h!For fanotify files the format is:}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMPhjehhubj6 )}(hXpos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 fanotify flags:10 event-flags:0 fanotify mnt_id:12 mflags:40 mask:38 ignored_mask:40000003 fanotify ino:4f969 sdev:800013 mflags:0 mask:3b ignored_mask:40000000 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_handle:69f90400c275b5b4h]hXpos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 fanotify flags:10 event-flags:0 fanotify mnt_id:12 mflags:40 mask:38 ignored_mask:40000003 fanotify ino:4f969 sdev:800013 mflags:0 mask:3b ignored_mask:40000000 fhandle-bytes:8 fhandle-type:1 f_handle:69f90400c275b5b4}hj#fsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMRhjehhubj)}(hXwhere fanotify 'flags' and 'event-flags' are values used in fanotify_init call, 'mnt_id' is the mount point identifier, 'mflags' is the value of flags associated with mark which are tracked separately from events mask. 'ino' and 'sdev' are target inode and device, 'mask' is the events mask and 'ignored_mask' is the mask of events which are to be ignored. All are in hex format. Incorporation of 'mflags', 'mask' and 'ignored_mask' provide information about flags and mask used in fanotify_mark call [see fsnotify manpage for details].h]hXDwhere fanotify ‘flags’ and ‘event-flags’ are values used in fanotify_init call, ‘mnt_id’ is the mount point identifier, ‘mflags’ is the value of flags associated with mark which are tracked separately from events mask. ‘ino’ and ‘sdev’ are target inode and device, ‘mask’ is the events mask and ‘ignored_mask’ is the mask of events which are to be ignored. All are in hex format. Incorporation of ‘mflags’, ‘mask’ and ‘ignored_mask’ provide information about flags and mask used in fanotify_mark call [see fsnotify manpage for details].}(hj1fhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMZhjehhubj)}(h~While the first three lines are mandatory and always printed, the rest is optional and may be omitted if no marks created yet.h]h~While the first three lines are mandatory and always printed, the rest is optional and may be omitted if no marks created yet.}(hj?fhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMchjehhubeh}(h]fsnotify-filesah ]h"]fsnotify filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhM8ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Timerfd filesh]h Timerfd files}(hjXfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjUfhhhhhMgubj6 )}(h~pos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 clockid: 0 ticks: 0 settime flags: 01 it_value: (0, 49406829) it_interval: (1, 0)h]h~pos: 0 flags: 02 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 clockid: 0 ticks: 0 settime flags: 01 it_value: (0, 49406829) it_interval: (1, 0)}hjffsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMkhjUfhhubj)}(hXwhere 'clockid' is the clock type and 'ticks' is the number of the timer expirations that have occurred [see timerfd_create(2) for details]. 'settime flags' are flags in octal form been used to setup the timer [see timerfd_settime(2) for details]. 'it_value' is remaining time until the timer expiration. 'it_interval' is the interval for the timer. Note the timer might be set up with TIMER_ABSTIME option which will be shown in 'settime flags', but 'it_value' still exhibits timer's remaining time.h]hXwhere ‘clockid’ is the clock type and ‘ticks’ is the number of the timer expirations that have occurred [see timerfd_create(2) for details]. ‘settime flags’ are flags in octal form been used to setup the timer [see timerfd_settime(2) for details]. ‘it_value’ is remaining time until the timer expiration. ‘it_interval’ is the interval for the timer. Note the timer might be set up with TIMER_ABSTIME option which will be shown in ‘settime flags’, but ‘it_value’ still exhibits timer’s remaining time.}(hjtfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMuhjUfhhubeh}(h] timerfd-filesah ]h"] timerfd filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhMgubh)}(hhh](h)}(hDMA Buffer filesh]hDMA Buffer files}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjfhhhhhM~ubj6 )}(h^pos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 size: 32768 count: 2 exp_name: system-heaph]h^pos: 0 flags: 04002 mnt_id: 9 ino: 63107 size: 32768 count: 2 exp_name: system-heap}hjfsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjfhhubj)}(hwhere 'size' is the size of the DMA buffer in bytes. 'count' is the file count of the DMA buffer file. 'exp_name' is the name of the DMA buffer exporter.h]hwhere ‘size’ is the size of the DMA buffer in bytes. ‘count’ is the file count of the DMA buffer file. ‘exp_name’ is the name of the DMA buffer exporter.}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjfhhubeh}(h]dma-buffer-filesah ]h"]dma buffer filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhM~ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hVFIO Device filesh]hVFIO Device files}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjfhhhhhMubj6 )}(hpos: 0 flags: 02000002 mnt_id: 17 ino: 5122 vfio-device-syspath: /sys/devices/pci0000:e0/0000:e0:01.1/0000:e1:00.0/0000:e2:05.0/0000:e8:00.0h]hpos: 0 flags: 02000002 mnt_id: 17 ino: 5122 vfio-device-syspath: /sys/devices/pci0000:e0/0000:e0:01.1/0000:e1:00.0/0000:e2:05.0/0000:e8:00.0}hjfsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjfhhubj)}(hTwhere 'vfio-device-syspath' is the sysfs path corresponding to the VFIO device file.h]hXwhere ‘vfio-device-syspath’ is the sysfs path corresponding to the VFIO device file.}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjfhhubeh}(h]vfio-device-filesah ]h"]vfio device filesah$]h&]uh1hhjdhhhhhMubeh}(h]0proc-pid-fdinfo-fd-information-about-opened-fileah ]h"];3.8 /proc//fdinfo/ - information about opened fileah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hE3.9 /proc//map_files - Information about memory mapped filesh]hE3.9 /proc//map_files - Information about memory mapped files}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjfhhhhhMubj)}(hxThis directory contains symbolic links which represent memory mapped files the process is maintaining. Example output::h]hwThis directory contains symbolic links which represent memory mapped files the process is maintaining. Example output:}(hj ghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjfhhubj6 )}(hX| lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c600000-333c620000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c81f000-333c820000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c820000-333c821000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | ... | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 35d0421000-35d0422000 -> /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 400000-41a000 -> /usr/bin/lsh]hX| lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c600000-333c620000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c81f000-333c820000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 333c820000-333c821000 -> /usr/lib64/ld-2.18.so | ... | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 35d0421000-35d0422000 -> /usr/lib64/libselinux.so.1 | lr-------- 1 root root 64 Jan 27 11:24 400000-41a000 -> /usr/bin/ls}hjgsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjfhhubj)}(h}The name of a link represents the virtual memory bounds of a mapping, i.e. vm_area_struct::vm_start - vm_area_struct::vm_end.h]h}The name of a link represents the virtual memory bounds of a mapping, i.e. vm_area_struct::vm_start - vm_area_struct::vm_end.}(hj)ghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjfhhubj)}(hXnThe main purpose of the map_files is to retrieve a set of memory mapped files in a fast way instead of parsing /proc//maps or /proc//smaps, both of which contain many more records. At the same time one can open(2) mappings from the listings of two processes and comparing their inode numbers to figure out which anonymous memory areas are actually shared.h]hXnThe main purpose of the map_files is to retrieve a set of memory mapped files in a fast way instead of parsing /proc//maps or /proc//smaps, both of which contain many more records. At the same time one can open(2) mappings from the listings of two processes and comparing their inode numbers to figure out which anonymous memory areas are actually shared.}(hj7ghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjfhhubeh}(h]8proc-pid-map-files-information-about-memory-mapped-filesah ]h"]A3.9 /proc//map_files - information about memory mapped filesah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h93.10 /proc//timerslack_ns - Task timerslack valueh]h93.10 /proc//timerslack_ns - Task timerslack value}(hjPghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjMghhhhhMubj)}(hThis file provides the value of the task's timerslack value in nanoseconds. This value specifies an amount of time that normal timers may be deferred in order to coalesce timers and avoid unnecessary wakeups.h]hThis file provides the value of the task’s timerslack value in nanoseconds. This value specifies an amount of time that normal timers may be deferred in order to coalesce timers and avoid unnecessary wakeups.}(hj^ghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjMghhubj)}(hPThis allows a task's interactivity vs power consumption tradeoff to be adjusted.h]hRThis allows a task’s interactivity vs power consumption tradeoff to be adjusted.}(hjlghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjMghhubj)}(hJWriting 0 to the file will set the task's timerslack to the default value.h]hLWriting 0 to the file will set the task’s timerslack to the default value.}(hjzghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjMghhubj)}(h$Valid values are from 0 - ULLONG_MAXh]h$Valid values are from 0 - ULLONG_MAX}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjMghhubj)}(hAn application setting the value must have PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS level permissions on the task specified to change its timerslack_ns value.h]hAn application setting the value must have PTRACE_MODE_ATTACH_FSCREDS level permissions on the task specified to change its timerslack_ns value.}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjMghhubeh}(h],proc-pid-timerslack-ns-task-timerslack-valueah ]h"]63.10 /proc//timerslack_ns - task timerslack valueah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hA3.11 /proc//patch_state - Livepatch patch operation stateh]hA3.11 /proc//patch_state - Livepatch patch operation state}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjghhhhhMubj)}(h_When CONFIG_LIVEPATCH is enabled, this file displays the value of the patch state for the task.h]h_When CONFIG_LIVEPATCH is enabled, this file displays the value of the patch state for the task.}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjghhubj)}(h9A value of '-1' indicates that no patch is in transition.h]h=A value of ‘-1’ indicates that no patch is in transition.}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjghhubj)}(hA value of '0' indicates that a patch is in transition and the task is unpatched. If the patch is being enabled, then the task hasn't been patched yet. If the patch is being disabled, then the task has already been unpatched.h]hA value of ‘0’ indicates that a patch is in transition and the task is unpatched. If the patch is being enabled, then the task hasn’t been patched yet. If the patch is being disabled, then the task has already been unpatched.}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjghhubj)}(hA value of '1' indicates that a patch is in transition and the task is patched. If the patch is being enabled, then the task has already been patched. If the patch is being disabled, then the task hasn't been unpatched yet.h]hA value of ‘1’ indicates that a patch is in transition and the task is patched. If the patch is being enabled, then the task has already been patched. If the patch is being disabled, then the task hasn’t been unpatched yet.}(hjghhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjghhubeh}(h]4proc-pid-patch-state-livepatch-patch-operation-stateah ]h"]>3.11 /proc//patch_state - livepatch patch operation stateah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h@3.12 /proc//arch_status - task architecture specific statush]h@3.12 /proc//arch_status - task architecture specific status}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjghhhhhMubj)}(hmWhen CONFIG_PROC_PID_ARCH_STATUS is enabled, this file displays the architecture specific status of the task.h]hmWhen CONFIG_PROC_PID_ARCH_STATUS is enabled, this file displays the architecture specific status of the task.}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjghhubh)}(hhh](h)}(hExampleh]hExample}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhhMubj6 )}(h6$ cat /proc/6753/arch_status AVX512_elapsed_ms: 8h]h6$ cat /proc/6753/arch_status AVX512_elapsed_ms: 8}hj-hsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhMhjhhhubeh}(h]id5ah ]h"]h$]j_ah&]uh1hhjghhhhhMjKubh)}(hhh]h)}(h Descriptionh]h Description}(hjEhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjBhhhhhhMubah}(h]id6ah ]h"]h$]j`ah&]uh1hhjghhhhhMjKubh)}(hhh](h)}(hx86 specific entriesh]hx86 specific entries}(hj]hhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjZhhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hAVX512_elapsed_msh]hAVX512_elapsed_ms}(hjnhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjkhhhhhhMubj$)}(hXmIf AVX512 is supported on the machine, this entry shows the milliseconds elapsed since the last time AVX512 usage was recorded. The recording happens on a best effort basis when a task is scheduled out. This means that the value depends on two factors: 1) The time which the task spent on the CPU without being scheduled out. With CPU isolation and a single runnable task this can take several seconds. 2) The time since the task was scheduled out last. Depending on the reason for being scheduled out (time slice exhausted, syscall ...) this can be arbitrary long time. As a consequence the value cannot be considered precise and authoritative information. The application which uses this information has to be aware of the overall scenario on the system in order to determine whether a task is a real AVX512 user or not. Precise information can be obtained with performance counters. A special value of '-1' indicates that no AVX512 usage was recorded, thus the task is unlikely an AVX512 user, but depends on the workload and the scheduling scenario, it also could be a false negative mentioned above. h](j)}(hIf AVX512 is supported on the machine, this entry shows the milliseconds elapsed since the last time AVX512 usage was recorded. The recording happens on a best effort basis when a task is scheduled out. This means that the value depends on two factors:h]hIf AVX512 is supported on the machine, this entry shows the milliseconds elapsed since the last time AVX512 usage was recorded. The recording happens on a best effort basis when a task is scheduled out. This means that the value depends on two factors:}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj|hubj$)}(hXK1) The time which the task spent on the CPU without being scheduled out. With CPU isolation and a single runnable task this can take several seconds. 2) The time since the task was scheduled out last. Depending on the reason for being scheduled out (time slice exhausted, syscall ...) this can be arbitrary long time. h]j0)}(hhh](j})}(hThe time which the task spent on the CPU without being scheduled out. With CPU isolation and a single runnable task this can take several seconds. h]j)}(hThe time which the task spent on the CPU without being scheduled out. With CPU isolation and a single runnable task this can take several seconds.h]hThe time which the task spent on the CPU without being scheduled out. With CPU isolation and a single runnable task this can take several seconds.}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjhubj})}(hThe time since the task was scheduled out last. Depending on the reason for being scheduled out (time slice exhausted, syscall ...) this can be arbitrary long time. h]j)}(hThe time since the task was scheduled out last. Depending on the reason for being scheduled out (time slice exhausted, syscall ...) this can be arbitrary long time.h]hThe time since the task was scheduled out last. Depending on the reason for being scheduled out (time slice exhausted, syscall ...) this can be arbitrary long time.}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhjhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]j0j0j0hj0j0uh1j0hjhubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhj|hubj)}(hX:As a consequence the value cannot be considered precise and authoritative information. The application which uses this information has to be aware of the overall scenario on the system in order to determine whether a task is a real AVX512 user or not. Precise information can be obtained with performance counters.h]hX:As a consequence the value cannot be considered precise and authoritative information. The application which uses this information has to be aware of the overall scenario on the system in order to determine whether a task is a real AVX512 user or not. Precise information can be obtained with performance counters.}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj|hubj)}(hA special value of '-1' indicates that no AVX512 usage was recorded, thus the task is unlikely an AVX512 user, but depends on the workload and the scheduling scenario, it also could be a false negative mentioned above.h]hA special value of ‘-1’ indicates that no AVX512 usage was recorded, thus the task is unlikely an AVX512 user, but depends on the workload and the scheduling scenario, it also could be a false negative mentioned above.}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMhj|hubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhMhjkhhhubeh}(h]avx512-elapsed-msah ]h"]avx512_elapsed_msah$]h&]uh1hhjZhhhhhhMubeh}(h]x86-specific-entriesah ]h"]x86 specific entriesah$]h&]uh1hhjghhhhhMubeh}(h]6proc-pid-arch-status-task-architecture-specific-statusah ]h"]@3.12 /proc//arch_status - task architecture specific statusah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(h43.13 /proc//fd - List of symlinks to open filesh]h43.13 /proc//fd - List of symlinks to open files}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj ihhhhhM ubj)}(hoThis directory contains symbolic links which represent open files the process is maintaining. Example output::h]hnThis directory contains symbolic links which represent open files the process is maintaining. Example output:}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj ihhubj6 )}(hX%lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 0 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 1 -> /dev/null lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 10 -> 'socket:[12539]' lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 11 -> 'socket:[12540]' lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 12 -> 'socket:[12542]'h]hX%lr-x------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 0 -> /dev/null l-wx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 1 -> /dev/null lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 10 -> 'socket:[12539]' lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 11 -> 'socket:[12540]' lrwx------ 1 root root 64 Sep 20 17:53 12 -> 'socket:[12542]'}hj*isbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM hj ihhubj)}(hThe number of open files for the process is stored in 'size' member of stat() output for /proc//fd for fast access. -------------------------------------------------------h]hThe number of open files for the process is stored in ‘size’ member of stat() output for /proc//fd for fast access. -------------------------------------------------------}(hj8ihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hj ihhubeh}(h]*proc-pid-fd-list-of-symlinks-to-open-filesah ]h"]43.13 /proc//fd - list of symlinks to open filesah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhM ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hF3.14 /proc//ksm_stat - Information about the process's ksm statush]hH3.14 /proc//ksm_stat - Information about the process’s ksm status}(hjQihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjNihhhhhM ubj)}(hlWhen CONFIG_KSM is enabled, each process has this file which displays the information of ksm merging status.h]hlWhen CONFIG_KSM is enabled, each process has this file which displays the information of ksm merging status.}(hj_ihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjNihhubh)}(hhh](h)}(hExampleh]hExample}(hjpihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjmihhhhhM ubj6 )}(h/ # cat /proc/self/ksm_stat ksm_rmap_items 0 ksm_zero_pages 0 ksm_merging_pages 0 ksm_process_profit 0 ksm_merge_any: no ksm_mergeable: noh]h/ # cat /proc/self/ksm_stat ksm_rmap_items 0 ksm_zero_pages 0 ksm_merging_pages 0 ksm_process_profit 0 ksm_merge_any: no ksm_mergeable: no}hj~isbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM hjmihhubeh}(h]id7ah ]h"]h$]exampleah&]uh1hhjNihhhhhM jKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Descriptionh]h Description}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM! ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hksm_rmap_itemsh]hksm_rmap_items}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM$ ubj)}(hThe number of ksm_rmap_item structures in use. The structure ksm_rmap_item stores the reverse mapping information for virtual addresses. KSM will generate a ksm_rmap_item for each ksm-scanned page of the process.h]hThe number of ksm_rmap_item structures in use. The structure ksm_rmap_item stores the reverse mapping information for virtual addresses. KSM will generate a ksm_rmap_item for each ksm-scanned page of the process.}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM& hjihhubeh}(h]ksm-rmap-itemsah ]h"]ksm_rmap_itemsah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM$ ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hksm_zero_pagesh]hksm_zero_pages}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM, ubj)}(h~When /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/use_zero_pages is enabled, it represent how many empty pages are merged with kernel zero pages by KSM.h]h~When /sys/kernel/mm/ksm/use_zero_pages is enabled, it represent how many empty pages are merged with kernel zero pages by KSM.}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM. hjihhubeh}(h]ksm-zero-pagesah ]h"]ksm_zero_pagesah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM, ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hksm_merging_pagesh]hksm_merging_pages}(hjihhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM2 ubj)}(hIt represents how many pages of this process are involved in KSM merging (not including ksm_zero_pages). It is the same with what /proc//ksm_merging_pages shows.h]hIt represents how many pages of this process are involved in KSM merging (not including ksm_zero_pages). It is the same with what /proc//ksm_merging_pages shows.}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM4 hjihhubeh}(h]ksm-merging-pagesah ]h"]ksm_merging_pagesah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM2 ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hksm_process_profith]hksm_process_profit}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjjhhhhhM9 ubj)}(hX~The profit that KSM brings (Saved bytes). KSM can save memory by merging identical pages, but also can consume additional memory, because it needs to generate a number of rmap_items to save each scanned page's brief rmap information. Some of these pages may be merged, but some may not be abled to be merged after being checked several times, which are unprofitable memory consumed.h]hXThe profit that KSM brings (Saved bytes). KSM can save memory by merging identical pages, but also can consume additional memory, because it needs to generate a number of rmap_items to save each scanned page’s brief rmap information. Some of these pages may be merged, but some may not be abled to be merged after being checked several times, which are unprofitable memory consumed.}(hj+jhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM; hjjhhubeh}(h]ksm-process-profitah ]h"]ksm_process_profitah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhM9 ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h ksm_merge_anyh]h ksm_merge_any]}(hjDjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjAjhhhhhMC ubj)}(hIt specifies whether the process's 'mm is added by prctl() into the candidate list of KSM or not, and if KSM scanning is fully enabled at process level.h]hIt specifies whether the process’s ‘mm is added by prctl() into the candidate list of KSM or not, and if KSM scanning is fully enabled at process level.}(hjRjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhME hjAjhhubeh}(h] ksm-merge-anyah ]h"] ksm_merge_anyah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhMC ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h ksm_mergeableh]h ksm_mergeable}(hjkjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhjhhhhhMJ ubj)}(hTIt specifies whether any VMAs of the process''s mms are currently applicable to KSM.h]hXIt specifies whether any VMAs of the process’’s mms are currently applicable to KSM.}(hjyjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhML hjhjhhubj)}(hPMore information about KSM can be found in Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst.h]hPMore information about KSM can be found in Documentation/admin-guide/mm/ksm.rst.}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMO hjhjhhubeh}(h] ksm-mergeableah ]h"] ksm_mergeableah$]h&]uh1hhjihhhhhMJ ubeh}(h]id8ah ]h"]h$] descriptionah&]uh1hhjNihhhhhM! jKubeh}(h]/ksm_stat - information about the process's ksm statusah$]h&]uh1hhj^hhhhhM ubeh}(h] chapter-3-per-process-parametersah ]h"]!chapter 3: per-process parametersah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhMubh)}(hhh](h)}(hChapter 4: Configuring procfsh]hChapter 4: Configuring procfs}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjjhhhhhMT ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h4.1 Mount optionsh]h4.1 Mount options}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjjhhhhhMW ubj)}(h*The following mount options are supported:h]h*The following mount options are supported:}(hjjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMY hjjhhubj$)}(hX========= ======================================================== hidepid= Set /proc// access mode. gid= Set the group authorized to learn processes information. subset= Show only the specified subset of procfs. pidns= Specify a the namespace used by this procfs. ========= ======================================================== h]h)}(hhh]h)}(hhh](h)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK uh1hhjjubh)}(hhh]h}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colwidthK8uh1hhjjubj)}(hhh](j )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hhidepid=h]hhidepid=}(hj khhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM\ hj kubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkubj)}(hhh]j)}(hSet /proc// access mode.h]hSet /proc// access mode.}(hj#khhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM\ hj kubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjkubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hgid=h]hgid=}(hjCkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM] hj@kubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj=kubj)}(hhh]j)}(h8Set the group authorized to learn processes information.h]h8Set the group authorized to learn processes information.}(hjZkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM] hjWkubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj=kubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjkubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hsubset=h]hsubset=}(hjzkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^ hjwkubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjtkubj)}(hhh]j)}(h)Show only the specified subset of procfs.h]h)Show only the specified subset of procfs.}(hjkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM^ hjkubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjtkubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjkubj )}(hhh](j)}(hhh]j)}(hpidns=h]hpidns=}(hjkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_ hjkubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkubj)}(hhh]j)}(h,Specify a the namespace used by this procfs.h]h,Specify a the namespace used by this procfs.}(hjkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM_ hjkubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjkubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j hjkubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]colsKuh1hhjjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhM[ hjjhhubj)}(hjhidepid=off or hidepid=0 means classic mode - everybody may access all /proc// directories (default).h]hjhidepid=off or hidepid=0 means classic mode - everybody may access all /proc// directories (default).}(hjkhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMb hjjhhubj)}(hX hidepid=noaccess or hidepid=1 means users may not access any /proc// directories but their own. Sensitive files like cmdline, sched*, status are now protected against other users. This makes it impossible to learn whether any user runs specific program (given the program doesn't reveal itself by its behaviour). As an additional bonus, as /proc//cmdline is unaccessible for other users, poorly written programs passing sensitive information via program arguments are now protected against local eavesdroppers.h]hX hidepid=noaccess or hidepid=1 means users may not access any /proc// directories but their own. Sensitive files like cmdline, sched*, status are now protected against other users. This makes it impossible to learn whether any user runs specific program (given the program doesn’t reveal itself by its behaviour). As an additional bonus, as /proc//cmdline is unaccessible for other users, poorly written programs passing sensitive information via program arguments are now protected against local eavesdroppers.}(hj lhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMe hjjhhubj)}(hXQhidepid=invisible or hidepid=2 means hidepid=1 plus all /proc// will be fully invisible to other users. It doesn't mean that it hides a fact whether a process with a specific pid value exists (it can be learned by other means, e.g. by "kill -0 $PID"), but it hides process's uid and gid, which may be learned by stat()'ing /proc// otherwise. It greatly complicates an intruder's task of gathering information about running processes, whether some daemon runs with elevated privileges, whether other user runs some sensitive program, whether other users run any program at all, etc.h]hX]hidepid=invisible or hidepid=2 means hidepid=1 plus all /proc// will be fully invisible to other users. It doesn’t mean that it hides a fact whether a process with a specific pid value exists (it can be learned by other means, e.g. by “kill -0 $PID”), but it hides process’s uid and gid, which may be learned by stat()’ing /proc// otherwise. It greatly complicates an intruder’s task of gathering information about running processes, whether some daemon runs with elevated privileges, whether other user runs some sensitive program, whether other users run any program at all, etc.}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMm hjjhhubj)}(hzhidepid=ptraceable or hidepid=4 means that procfs should only contain /proc// directories that the caller can ptrace.h]hzhidepid=ptraceable or hidepid=4 means that procfs should only contain /proc// directories that the caller can ptrace.}(hj%lhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMv hjjhhubj)}(hgid= defines a group authorized to learn processes information otherwise prohibited by hidepid=. If you use some daemon like identd which needs to learn information about processes information, just add identd to this group.h]hgid= defines a group authorized to learn processes information otherwise prohibited by hidepid=. If you use some daemon like identd which needs to learn information about processes information, just add identd to this group.}(hj3lhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhMy hjjhhubj)}(hX subset=pid hides all top level files and directories in the procfs that are not related to tasks. This option cannot be changed on an existing procfs instance because overmounts that existed before the change could otherwise remain reachable after the top level procfs entries are hidden.h]hX subset=pid hides all top level files and directories in the procfs that are not related to tasks. This option cannot be changed on an existing procfs instance because overmounts that existed before the change could otherwise remain reachable after the top level procfs entries are hidden.}(hjAlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM} hjjhhubj)}(hXpidns= specifies a pid namespace (either as a string path to something like `/proc/$pid/ns/pid`, or a file descriptor when using `FSCONFIG_SET_FD`) that will be used by the procfs instance when translating pids. By default, procfs will use the calling process's active pid namespace. Note that the pid namespace of an existing procfs instance cannot be modified (attempting to do so will give an `-EBUSY` error).h](hLpidns= specifies a pid namespace (either as a string path to something like }(hjOlhhhNhNubj4)}(h`/proc/$pid/ns/pid`h]h/proc/$pid/ns/pid}(hjWlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j3hjOlubh", or a file descriptor when using }(hjOlhhhNhNubj4)}(h`FSCONFIG_SET_FD`h]hFSCONFIG_SET_FD}(hjilhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j3hjOlubh) that will be used by the procfs instance when translating pids. By default, procfs will use the calling process’s active pid namespace. Note that the pid namespace of an existing procfs instance cannot be modified (attempting to do so will give an }(hjOlhhhNhNubj4)}(h`-EBUSY`h]h-EBUSY}(hj{lhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j3hjOlubh error).}(hjOlhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjjhhubeh}(h] mount-optionsah ]h"]4.1 mount optionsah$]h&]uh1hhjjhhhhhMW ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h4.2 Mount restrictionsh]h4.2 Mount restrictions}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjlhhhhhM ubj)}(hIf user namespaces are in use, the kernel additionally checks the instances of procfs available to the mounter and will not allow procfs to be mounted if:h]hIf user namespaces are in use, the kernel additionally checks the instances of procfs available to the mounter and will not allow procfs to be mounted if:}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjlhhubj$)}(hXM1. This mount is not fully visible unless the new procfs is going to be mounted with subset=pid option. a. Its root directory is not the root directory of the filesystem. b. If any file or non-empty procfs directory is hidden by another mount. 2. A new mount overrides the readonly option or any option from atime family. h]j0)}(hhh](j})}(hThis mount is not fully visible unless the new procfs is going to be mounted with subset=pid option. a. Its root directory is not the root directory of the filesystem. b. If any file or non-empty procfs directory is hidden by another mount. h](j)}(hdThis mount is not fully visible unless the new procfs is going to be mounted with subset=pid option.h]hdThis mount is not fully visible unless the new procfs is going to be mounted with subset=pid option.}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjlubj0)}(hhh](j})}(h?Its root directory is not the root directory of the filesystem.h]j)}(hjlh]h?Its root directory is not the root directory of the filesystem.}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjlubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjlubj})}(hFIf any file or non-empty procfs directory is hidden by another mount. h]j)}(hEIf any file or non-empty procfs directory is hidden by another mount.h]hEIf any file or non-empty procfs directory is hidden by another mount.}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjlubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjlubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]j0 loweralphaj0hj0jwYuh1j0hjlubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjlubj})}(hKA new mount overrides the readonly option or any option from atime family. h]j)}(hJA new mount overrides the readonly option or any option from atime family.h]hJA new mount overrides the readonly option or any option from atime family.}(hjmhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjmubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hjlubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]j0j0j0hj0jwYuh1j0hjlubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j$hhhM hjlhhubeh}(h]mount-restrictionsah ]h"]4.2 mount restrictionsah$]h&]uh1hhjjhhhhhM ubeh}(h]chapter-4-configuring-procfsah ]h"]chapter 4: configuring procfsah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhMT ubh)}(hhh](h)}(hChapter 5: Filesystem behaviorh]hChapter 5: Filesystem behavior}(hjImhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjFmhhhhhM ubj)}(hOriginally, before the advent of pid namespace, procfs was a global file system. It means that there was only one procfs instance in the system.h]hOriginally, before the advent of pid namespace, procfs was a global file system. It means that there was only one procfs instance in the system.}(hjWmhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjFmhhubj)}(hWhen pid namespace was added, a separate procfs instance was mounted in each pid namespace. So, procfs mount options are global among all mountpoints within the same namespace::h]hWhen pid namespace was added, a separate procfs instance was mounted in each pid namespace. So, procfs mount options are global among all mountpoints within the same namespace:}(hjemhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjFmhhubj6 )}(hX@# grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0 # strace -e mount mount -o hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc mount("proc", "/tmp/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=1") = 0 +++ exited with 0 +++ # grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0 proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0h]hX@# grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0 # strace -e mount mount -o hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc mount("proc", "/tmp/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=1") = 0 +++ exited with 0 +++ # grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0 proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=2 0 0}hjsmsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM hjFmhhubj)}(hOand only after remounting procfs mount options will change at all mountpoints::h]hNand only after remounting procfs mount options will change at all mountpoints:}(hjmhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjFmhhubj6 )}(h# mount -o remount,hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc # grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0 proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0h]h# mount -o remount,hidepid=1 -t proc proc /tmp/proc # grep ^proc /proc/mounts proc /proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0 proc /tmp/proc proc rw,relatime,hidepid=1 0 0}hjmsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]hhuh1j5 hhhM hjFmhhubj)}(hBThis behavior is different from the behavior of other filesystems.h]hBThis behavior is different from the behavior of other filesystems.}(hjmhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhM hjFmhhubj)}(hXThe new procfs behavior is more like other filesystems. Each procfs mount creates a new procfs instance. Mount options affect own procfs instance. It means that it became possible to have several procfs instances displaying tasks with different filtering options in one pid namespace::h]hXThe new procfs behavior is more like other filesystems. Each procfs mount creates a new procfs instance. Mount options affect own procfs instance. 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