jsphinx.addnodesdocument)}( rawsourcechildren]( translations LanguagesNode)}(hhh](h pending_xref)}(hhh]docutils.nodesTextChinese (Simplified)}parenthsba attributes}(ids]classes]names]dupnames]backrefs] refdomainstdreftypedoc reftarget&/translations/zh_CN/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicitutagnamehhh ubh)}(hhh]hChinese (Traditional)}hh2sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget&/translations/zh_TW/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hItalian}hhFsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget&/translations/it_IT/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hJapanese}hhZsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget&/translations/ja_JP/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hKorean}hhnsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget&/translations/ko_KR/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hSpanish}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget&/translations/sp_SP/filesystems/cramfsmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]current_languageEnglishuh1h hh _documenthsourceNlineNubhcomment)}(h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0h]h SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] xml:spacepreserveuh1hhhhhh@/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/filesystems/cramfs.rsthKubhsection)}(hhh](htitle)}(h+Cramfs - cram a filesystem onto a small ROMh]h+Cramfs - cram a filesystem onto a small ROM}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh paragraph)}(hGcramfs is designed to be simple and small, and to compress things well.h]hGcramfs is designed to be simple and small, and to compress things well.}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hIt uses the zlib routines to compress a file one page at a time, and allows random page access. The meta-data is not compressed, but is expressed in a very terse representation to make it use much less diskspace than traditional filesystems.h]hIt uses the zlib routines to compress a file one page at a time, and allows random page access. The meta-data is not compressed, but is expressed in a very terse representation to make it use much less diskspace than traditional filesystems.}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK hhhhubh)}(hYou can't write to a cramfs filesystem (making it compressible and compact also makes it _very_ hard to update on-the-fly), so you have to create the disk image with the "mkcramfs" utility.h]hYou can’t write to a cramfs filesystem (making it compressible and compact also makes it _very_ hard to update on-the-fly), so you have to create the disk image with the “mkcramfs” utility.}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hhh](h)}(h Usage Notesh]h Usage Notes}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(h)File sizes are limited to less than 16MB.h]h)File sizes are limited to less than 16MB.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hsMaximum filesystem size is a little over 256MB. (The last file on the filesystem is allowed to extend past 256MB.)h]hsMaximum filesystem size is a little over 256MB. (The last file on the filesystem is allowed to extend past 256MB.)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hOnly the low 8 bits of gid are stored. The current version of mkcramfs simply truncates to 8 bits, which is a potential security issue.h]hOnly the low 8 bits of gid are stored. The current version of mkcramfs simply truncates to 8 bits, which is a potential security issue.}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hfHard links are supported, but hard linked files will still have a link count of 1 in the cramfs image.h]hfHard links are supported, but hard linked files will still have a link count of 1 in the cramfs image.}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hCramfs directories have no ``.`` or ``..`` entries. Directories (like every other file on cramfs) always have a link count of 1. (There's no need to use -noleaf in ``find``, btw.)h](hCramfs directories have no }(hj>hhhNhNubhliteral)}(h``.``h]h.}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jFhj>ubh or }(hj>hhhNhNubjG)}(h``..``h]h..}(hjZhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jFhj>ubh~ entries. Directories (like every other file on cramfs) always have a link count of 1. (There’s no need to use -noleaf in }(hj>hhhNhNubjG)}(h``find``h]hfind}(hjlhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jFhj>ubh, btw.)}(hj>hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK"hhhhubh)}(hXNo timestamps are stored in a cramfs, so these default to the epoch (1970 GMT). Recently-accessed files may have updated timestamps, but the update lasts only as long as the inode is cached in memory, after which the timestamp reverts to 1970, i.e. moves backwards in time.h]hXNo timestamps are stored in a cramfs, so these default to the epoch (1970 GMT). Recently-accessed files may have updated timestamps, but the update lasts only as long as the inode is cached in memory, after which the timestamp reverts to 1970, i.e. moves backwards in time.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK&hhhhubh)}(hXCurrently, cramfs must be written and read with architectures of the same endianness, and can be read only by kernels with PAGE_SIZE == 4096. At least the latter of these is a bug, but it hasn't been decided what the best fix is. For the moment if you have larger pages you can just change the #define in mkcramfs.c, so long as you don't mind the filesystem becoming unreadable to future kernels.h]hXCurrently, cramfs must be written and read with architectures of the same endianness, and can be read only by kernels with PAGE_SIZE == 4096. At least the latter of these is a bug, but it hasn’t been decided what the best fix is. For the moment if you have larger pages you can just change the #define in mkcramfs.c, so long as you don’t mind the filesystem becoming unreadable to future kernels.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK+hhhhubeh}(h] usage-notesah ]h"] usage notesah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(hhh](h)}(hMemory Mapped cramfs imageh]hMemory Mapped cramfs image}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhK4ubh)}(hX-The CRAMFS_MTD Kconfig option adds support for loading data directly from a physical linear memory range (usually non volatile memory like Flash) instead of going through the block device layer. This saves some memory since no intermediate buffering is necessary to hold the data before decompressing.h]hX-The CRAMFS_MTD Kconfig option adds support for loading data directly from a physical linear memory range (usually non volatile memory like Flash) instead of going through the block device layer. This saves some memory since no intermediate buffering is necessary to hold the data before decompressing.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK6hjhhubh)}(hXAnd when data blocks are kept uncompressed and properly aligned, they will automatically be mapped directly into user space whenever possible providing eXecute-In-Place (XIP) from ROM of read-only segments. Data segments mapped read-write (hence they have to be copied to RAM) may still be compressed in the cramfs image in the same file along with non compressed read-only segments. Both MMU and no-MMU systems are supported. This is particularly handy for tiny embedded systems with very tight memory constraints.h]hXAnd when data blocks are kept uncompressed and properly aligned, they will automatically be mapped directly into user space whenever possible providing eXecute-In-Place (XIP) from ROM of read-only segments. Data segments mapped read-write (hence they have to be copied to RAM) may still be compressed in the cramfs image in the same file along with non compressed read-only segments. Both MMU and no-MMU systems are supported. 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