€•6      Œsphinx.addnodes”Œdocument”“”)”}”(Œ	rawsource”Œ ”Œchildren”]”(Œtranslations”ŒLanguagesNode”“”)”}”(hhh]”(h Œpending_xref”“”)”}”(hhh]”Œdocutils.nodes”ŒText”“”ŒChinese (Simplified)”…””}”Œparent”hsbaŒ
attributes”}”(Œids”]”Œclasses”]”Œnames”]”Œdupnames”]”Œbackrefs”]”Œ	refdomain”Œstd”Œreftype”Œdoc”Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuŒtagname”hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒChinese (Traditional)”…””}”hh2sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/zh_TW/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒItalian”…””}”hhFsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/it_IT/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒJapanese”…””}”hhZsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/ja_JP/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒKorean”…””}”hhnsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/ko_KR/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒPortuguese (Brazilian)”…””}”hh‚sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/pt_BR/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒSpanish”…””}”hh–sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/sp_SP/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œcurrent_language”ŒEnglish”uh1h
hhŒ	_document”hŒsource”NŒline”NubhŒsection”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒtitle”“”)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: Non-Volatile Devices”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: Non-Volatile Devices”…””}”(hh¼h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhh·h²hh³ŒF/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/driver-api/nvdimm/nvdimm.rst”h´KubhŒ	paragraph”“”)”}”(hŒ8libnvdimm - kernel / libndctl - userspace helper library”h]”hŒ8libnvdimm - kernel / libndctl - userspace helper library”…””}”(hhÍh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Khh·h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒnvdimm@lists.linux.dev”h]”hŒ	reference”“”)”}”(hhÝh]”hŒnvdimm@lists.linux.dev”…””}”(hháh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”Œmailto:nvdimm@lists.linux.dev”uh1hßhhÛubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Khh·h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒ
Version 13”h]”hŒ
Version 13”…””}”(hhöh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K	hh·h²hubhŒcomment”“”)”}”(hXL  contents:

Glossary
Overview
    Supporting Documents
    Git Trees
LIBNVDIMM PMEM
    PMEM-REGIONs, Atomic Sectors, and DAX
Example NVDIMM Platform
LIBNVDIMM Kernel Device Model and LIBNDCTL Userspace API
    LIBNDCTL: Context
        libndctl: instantiate a new library context example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Bus
        libnvdimm: control class device in /sys/class
        libnvdimm: bus
        libndctl: bus enumeration example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: DIMM (NMEM)
        libnvdimm: DIMM (NMEM)
        libndctl: DIMM enumeration example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Region
        libnvdimm: region
        libndctl: region enumeration example
        Why Not Encode the Region Type into the Region Name?
        How Do I Determine the Major Type of a Region?
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Namespace
        libnvdimm: namespace
        libndctl: namespace enumeration example
        libndctl: namespace creation example
        Why the Term "namespace"?
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Block Translation Table "btt"
        libnvdimm: btt layout
        libndctl: btt creation example
Summary LIBNDCTL Diagram”h]”hXL  contents:

Glossary
Overview
    Supporting Documents
    Git Trees
LIBNVDIMM PMEM
    PMEM-REGIONs, Atomic Sectors, and DAX
Example NVDIMM Platform
LIBNVDIMM Kernel Device Model and LIBNDCTL Userspace API
    LIBNDCTL: Context
        libndctl: instantiate a new library context example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Bus
        libnvdimm: control class device in /sys/class
        libnvdimm: bus
        libndctl: bus enumeration example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: DIMM (NMEM)
        libnvdimm: DIMM (NMEM)
        libndctl: DIMM enumeration example
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Region
        libnvdimm: region
        libndctl: region enumeration example
        Why Not Encode the Region Type into the Region Name?
        How Do I Determine the Major Type of a Region?
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Namespace
        libnvdimm: namespace
        libndctl: namespace enumeration example
        libndctl: namespace creation example
        Why the Term "namespace"?
    LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Block Translation Table "btt"
        libnvdimm: btt layout
        libndctl: btt creation example
Summary LIBNDCTL Diagram”…””}”hj  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	xml:space”Œpreserve”uh1j  hh·h²hh³hÊh´K-ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒGlossary”h]”hŒGlossary”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj  h²hh³hÊh´K/ubhŒdefinition_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒdefinition_list_item”“”)”}”(hŒ¶PMEM:
A system-physical-address range where writes are persistent.  A
block device composed of PMEM is capable of DAX.  A PMEM address range
may span an interleave of several DIMMs.
”h]”(hŒterm”“”)”}”(hŒPMEM:”h]”hŒPMEM:”…””}”(hj4  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´K4hj.  ubhŒ
definition”“”)”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ¯A system-physical-address range where writes are persistent.  A
block device composed of PMEM is capable of DAX.  A PMEM address range
may span an interleave of several DIMMs.”h]”hŒ¯A system-physical-address range where writes are persistent.  A
block device composed of PMEM is capable of DAX.  A PMEM address range
may span an interleave of several DIMMs.”…””}”(hjG  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K2hjD  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj.  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´K4hj)  ubj-  )”}”(hX!  DPA:
DIMM Physical Address, is a DIMM-relative offset.  With one DIMM in
the system there would be a 1:1 system-physical-address:DPA association.
Once more DIMMs are added a memory controller interleave must be
decoded to determine the DPA associated with a given
system-physical-address.
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDPA:”h]”hŒDPA:”…””}”(hje  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´K;hja  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hX  DIMM Physical Address, is a DIMM-relative offset.  With one DIMM in
the system there would be a 1:1 system-physical-address:DPA association.
Once more DIMMs are added a memory controller interleave must be
decoded to determine the DPA associated with a given
system-physical-address.”h]”hX  DIMM Physical Address, is a DIMM-relative offset.  With one DIMM in
the system there would be a 1:1 system-physical-address:DPA association.
Once more DIMMs are added a memory controller interleave must be
decoded to determine the DPA associated with a given
system-physical-address.”…””}”(hjv  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K7hjs  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hja  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´K;hj)  h²hubj-  )”}”(hŒ¡DAX:
File system extensions to bypass the page cache and block layer to
mmap persistent memory, from a PMEM block device, directly into a
process address space.
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDAX:”h]”hŒDAX:”…””}”(hj”  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´K@hj  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ›File system extensions to bypass the page cache and block layer to
mmap persistent memory, from a PMEM block device, directly into a
process address space.”h]”hŒ›File system extensions to bypass the page cache and block layer to
mmap persistent memory, from a PMEM block device, directly into a
process address space.”…””}”(hj¥  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K>hj¢  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´K@hj)  h²hubj-  )”}”(hŒaDSM:
Device Specific Method: ACPI method to control specific
device - in this case the firmware.
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDSM:”h]”hŒDSM:”…””}”(hjÃ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´KDhj¿  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ[Device Specific Method: ACPI method to control specific
device - in this case the firmware.”h]”hŒ[Device Specific Method: ACPI method to control specific
device - in this case the firmware.”…””}”(hjÔ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KChjÑ  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj¿  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´KDhj)  h²hubj-  )”}”(hŒ“DCR:
NVDIMM Control Region Structure defined in ACPI 6 Section 5.2.25.5.
It defines a vendor-id, device-id, and interface format for a given DIMM.
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDCR:”h]”hŒDCR:”…””}”(hjò  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´KHhjî  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒNVDIMM Control Region Structure defined in ACPI 6 Section 5.2.25.5.
It defines a vendor-id, device-id, and interface format for a given DIMM.”h]”hŒNVDIMM Control Region Structure defined in ACPI 6 Section 5.2.25.5.
It defines a vendor-id, device-id, and interface format for a given DIMM.”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KGhj   ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjî  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´KHhj)  h²hubj-  )”}”(hXG  BTT:
Block Translation Table: Persistent memory is byte addressable.
Existing software may have an expectation that the power-fail-atomicity
of writes is at least one sector, 512 bytes.  The BTT is an indirection
table with atomic update semantics to front a PMEM block device
driver and present arbitrary atomic sector sizes.
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒBTT:”h]”hŒBTT:”…””}”(hj!  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´KOhj  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hXA  Block Translation Table: Persistent memory is byte addressable.
Existing software may have an expectation that the power-fail-atomicity
of writes is at least one sector, 512 bytes.  The BTT is an indirection
table with atomic update semantics to front a PMEM block device
driver and present arbitrary atomic sector sizes.”h]”hXA  Block Translation Table: Persistent memory is byte addressable.
Existing software may have an expectation that the power-fail-atomicity
of writes is at least one sector, 512 bytes.  The BTT is an indirection
table with atomic update semantics to front a PMEM block device
driver and present arbitrary atomic sector sizes.”…””}”(hj2  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KKhj/  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´KOhj)  h²hubj-  )”}”(hX£  LABEL:
Metadata stored on a DIMM device that partitions and identifies
(persistently names) capacity allocated to different PMEM namespaces. It
also indicates whether an address abstraction like a BTT is applied to
the namespace.  Note that traditional partition tables, GPT/MBR, are
layered on top of a PMEM namespace, or an address abstraction like BTT
if present, but partition support is deprecated going forward.

”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒLABEL:”h]”hŒLABEL:”…””}”(hjP  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´KXhjL  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hXš  Metadata stored on a DIMM device that partitions and identifies
(persistently names) capacity allocated to different PMEM namespaces. It
also indicates whether an address abstraction like a BTT is applied to
the namespace.  Note that traditional partition tables, GPT/MBR, are
layered on top of a PMEM namespace, or an address abstraction like BTT
if present, but partition support is deprecated going forward.”h]”hXš  Metadata stored on a DIMM device that partitions and identifies
(persistently names) capacity allocated to different PMEM namespaces. It
also indicates whether an address abstraction like a BTT is applied to
the namespace.  Note that traditional partition tables, GPT/MBR, are
layered on top of a PMEM namespace, or an address abstraction like BTT
if present, but partition support is deprecated going forward.”…””}”(hja  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KRhj^  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjL  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´KXhj)  h²hubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j'  hj  h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”Œglossary”ah ]”h"]”Œglossary”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´K/ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒOverview”h]”hŒOverview”…””}”(hjŒ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj‰  h²hh³hÊh´K[ubhÌ)”}”(hXb  The LIBNVDIMM subsystem provides support for PMEM described by platform
firmware or a device driver. On ACPI based systems the platform firmware
conveys persistent memory resource via the ACPI NFIT "NVDIMM Firmware
Interface Table" in ACPI 6. While the LIBNVDIMM subsystem implementation
is generic and supports pre-NFIT platforms, it was guided by the
superset of capabilities need to support this ACPI 6 definition for
NVDIMM resources. The original implementation supported the
block-window-aperture capability described in the NFIT, but that support
has since been abandoned and never shipped in a product.”h]”hXf  The LIBNVDIMM subsystem provides support for PMEM described by platform
firmware or a device driver. On ACPI based systems the platform firmware
conveys persistent memory resource via the ACPI NFIT â€œNVDIMM Firmware
Interface Tableâ€ in ACPI 6. While the LIBNVDIMM subsystem implementation
is generic and supports pre-NFIT platforms, it was guided by the
superset of capabilities need to support this ACPI 6 definition for
NVDIMM resources. The original implementation supported the
block-window-aperture capability described in the NFIT, but that support
has since been abandoned and never shipped in a product.”…””}”(hjš  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K]hj‰  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒSupporting Documents”h]”hŒSupporting Documents”…””}”(hj«  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj¨  h²hh³hÊh´Khubj(  )”}”(hhh]”(j-  )”}”(hŒGACPI 6:
https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6.0.pdf”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒACPI 6:”h]”hŒACPI 6:”…””}”(hjÀ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´Kjhj¼  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ?https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6.0.pdf”h]”hà)”}”(hjÓ  h]”hŒ?https://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/ACPI_6.0.pdf”…””}”(hjÕ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jÓ  uh1hßhjÑ  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KkhjÎ  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj¼  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Kjhj¹  ubj-  )”}”(hŒENVDIMM Namespace:
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Namespace_Spec.pdf”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒNVDIMM Namespace:”h]”hŒNVDIMM Namespace:”…””}”(hjù  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´Klhjõ  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ3https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Namespace_Spec.pdf”h]”hà)”}”(hj  h]”hŒ3https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Namespace_Spec.pdf”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j  uh1hßhj
  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kmhj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjõ  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Klhj¹  h²hubj-  )”}”(hŒQDSM Interface Example:
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDSM Interface Example:”h]”hŒDSM Interface Example:”…””}”(hj2  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´Knhj.  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ:https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf”h]”hà)”}”(hjE  h]”hŒ:https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_DSM_Interface_Example.pdf”…””}”(hjG  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jE  uh1hßhjC  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kohj@  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hj.  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Knhj¹  h²hubj-  )”}”(hŒQDriver Writer's Guide:
https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Driver_Writers_Guide.pdf
”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒDriver Writer's Guide:”h]”hŒDriver Writerâ€™s Guide:”…””}”(hjk  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´Kqhjg  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ9https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Driver_Writers_Guide.pdf”h]”hà)”}”(hj~  h]”hŒ9https://pmem.io/documents/NVDIMM_Driver_Writers_Guide.pdf”…””}”(hj€  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j~  uh1hßhj|  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kqhjy  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjg  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Kqhj¹  h²hubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j'  hj¨  h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”Œsupporting-documents”ah ]”h"]”Œsupporting documents”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhj‰  h²hh³hÊh´Khubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ	Git Trees”h]”hŒ	Git Trees”…””}”(hj±  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj®  h²hh³hÊh´Ktubj(  )”}”(hhh]”(j-  )”}”(hŒILIBNVDIMM:
https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm.git”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒ
LIBNVDIMM:”h]”hŒ
LIBNVDIMM:”…””}”(hjÆ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´KvhjÂ  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ>https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm.git”h]”hà)”}”(hjÙ  h]”hŒ>https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/nvdimm/nvdimm.git”…””}”(hjÛ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jÙ  uh1hßhj×  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KwhjÔ  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjÂ  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Kvhj¿  ubj-  )”}”(hŒ-LIBNDCTL:
https://github.com/pmem/ndctl.git

”h]”(j3  )”}”(hŒ	LIBNDCTL:”h]”hŒ	LIBNDCTL:”…””}”(hjÿ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j2  h³hÊh´Kzhjû  ubjC  )”}”(hhh]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ!https://github.com/pmem/ndctl.git”h]”hà)”}”(hj  h]”hŒ!https://github.com/pmem/ndctl.git”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j  uh1hßhj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kyhj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jB  hjû  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j,  h³hÊh´Kzhj¿  h²hubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j'  hj®  h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”Œ	git-trees”ah ]”h"]”Œ	git trees”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhj‰  h²hh³hÊh´Ktubeh}”(h]”Œoverview”ah ]”h"]”Œoverview”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´K[ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM PMEM”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM PMEM”…””}”(hjM  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjJ  h²hh³hÊh´K}ubhÌ)”}”(hX   Prior to the arrival of the NFIT, non-volatile memory was described to a
system in various ad-hoc ways.  Usually only the bare minimum was
provided, namely, a single system-physical-address range where writes
are expected to be durable after a system power loss.  Now, the NFIT
specification standardizes not only the description of PMEM, but also
platform message-passing entry points for control and configuration.”h]”hX   Prior to the arrival of the NFIT, non-volatile memory was described to a
system in various ad-hoc ways.  Usually only the bare minimum was
provided, namely, a single system-physical-address range where writes
are expected to be durable after a system power loss.  Now, the NFIT
specification standardizes not only the description of PMEM, but also
platform message-passing entry points for control and configuration.”…””}”(hj[  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KhjJ  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hX*  PMEM (nd_pmem.ko): Drives a system-physical-address range.  This range is
contiguous in system memory and may be interleaved (hardware memory controller
striped) across multiple DIMMs.  When interleaved the platform may optionally
provide details of which DIMMs are participating in the interleave.”h]”hX*  PMEM (nd_pmem.ko): Drives a system-physical-address range.  This range is
contiguous in system memory and may be interleaved (hardware memory controller
striped) across multiple DIMMs.  When interleaved the platform may optionally
provide details of which DIMMs are participating in the interleave.”…””}”(hji  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K†hjJ  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hXu  It is worth noting that when the labeling capability is detected (a EFI
namespace label index block is found), then no block device is created
by default as userspace needs to do at least one allocation of DPA to
the PMEM range.  In contrast ND_NAMESPACE_IO ranges, once registered,
can be immediately attached to nd_pmem. This latter mode is called
label-less or "legacy".”h]”hXy  It is worth noting that when the labeling capability is detected (a EFI
namespace label index block is found), then no block device is created
by default as userspace needs to do at least one allocation of DPA to
the PMEM range.  In contrast ND_NAMESPACE_IO ranges, once registered,
can be immediately attached to nd_pmem. This latter mode is called
label-less or â€œlegacyâ€.”…””}”(hjw  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K‹hjJ  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ%PMEM-REGIONs, Atomic Sectors, and DAX”h]”hŒ%PMEM-REGIONs, Atomic Sectors, and DAX”…””}”(hjˆ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj…  h²hh³hÊh´K“ubhÌ)”}”(hŒÅFor the cases where an application or filesystem still needs atomic sector
update guarantees it can register a BTT on a PMEM device or partition.  See
LIBNVDIMM/NDCTL: Block Translation Table "btt"”h]”hŒÉFor the cases where an application or filesystem still needs atomic sector
update guarantees it can register a BTT on a PMEM device or partition.  See
LIBNVDIMM/NDCTL: Block Translation Table â€œbttâ€”…””}”(hj–  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K•hj…  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ#pmem-regions-atomic-sectors-and-dax”ah ]”h"]”Œ%pmem-regions, atomic sectors, and dax”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjJ  h²hh³hÊh´K“ubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-pmem”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm pmem”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´K}ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒExample NVDIMM Platform”h]”hŒExample NVDIMM Platform”…””}”(hj·  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj´  h²hh³hÊh´K›ubhÌ)”}”(hŒkFor the remainder of this document the following diagram will be
referenced for any example sysfs layouts::”h]”hŒjFor the remainder of this document the following diagram will be
referenced for any example sysfs layouts:”…””}”(hjÅ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Khj´  h²hubhŒliteral_block”“”)”}”(hXN                               (a)               (b)           DIMM
          +-------------------+--------+--------+--------+
+------+  |       pm0.0       |  free  | pm1.0  |  free  |    0
| imc0 +--+- - - region0- - - +--------+        +--------+
+--+---+  |       pm0.0       |  free  | pm1.0  |  free  |    1
   |      +-------------------+--------v        v--------+
+--+---+                               |                 |
| cpu0 |                                     region1
+--+---+                               |                 |
   |      +----------------------------^        ^--------+
+--+---+  |           free             | pm1.0  |  free  |    2
| imc1 +--+----------------------------|        +--------+
+------+  |           free             | pm1.0  |  free  |    3
          +----------------------------+--------+--------+”h]”hXN                               (a)               (b)           DIMM
          +-------------------+--------+--------+--------+
+------+  |       pm0.0       |  free  | pm1.0  |  free  |    0
| imc0 +--+- - - region0- - - +--------+        +--------+
+--+---+  |       pm0.0       |  free  | pm1.0  |  free  |    1
   |      +-------------------+--------v        v--------+
+--+---+                               |                 |
| cpu0 |                                     region1
+--+---+                               |                 |
   |      +----------------------------^        ^--------+
+--+---+  |           free             | pm1.0  |  free  |    2
| imc1 +--+----------------------------|        +--------+
+------+  |           free             | pm1.0  |  free  |    3
          +----------------------------+--------+--------+”…””}”hjÕ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´K¡hj´  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒ¨In this platform we have four DIMMs and two memory controllers in one
socket.  Each PMEM interleave set is identified by a region device with
a dynamically assigned id.”h]”hŒ¨In this platform we have four DIMMs and two memory controllers in one
socket.  Each PMEM interleave set is identified by a region device with
a dynamically assigned id.”…””}”(hjã  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K°hj´  h²hubhŒblock_quote”“”)”}”(hX  1. The first portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 are interleaved as REGION0. A
   single PMEM namespace is created in the REGION0-SPA-range that spans most
   of DIMM0 and DIMM1 with a user-specified name of "pm0.0". Some of that
   interleaved system-physical-address range is left free for
   another PMEM namespace to be defined.

2. In the last portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 we have an interleaved
   system-physical-address range, REGION1, that spans those two DIMMs as
   well as DIMM2 and DIMM3.  Some of REGION1 is allocated to a PMEM namespace
   named "pm1.0".

This bus is provided by the kernel under the device
/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0 when the nfit_test.ko module from
tools/testing/nvdimm is loaded. This module is a unit test for
LIBNVDIMM and the  acpi_nfit.ko driver.

”h]”(hŒenumerated_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ	list_item”“”)”}”(hX5  The first portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 are interleaved as REGION0. A
single PMEM namespace is created in the REGION0-SPA-range that spans most
of DIMM0 and DIMM1 with a user-specified name of "pm0.0". Some of that
interleaved system-physical-address range is left free for
another PMEM namespace to be defined.
”h]”hÌ)”}”(hX4  The first portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 are interleaved as REGION0. A
single PMEM namespace is created in the REGION0-SPA-range that spans most
of DIMM0 and DIMM1 with a user-specified name of "pm0.0". Some of that
interleaved system-physical-address range is left free for
another PMEM namespace to be defined.”h]”hX8  The first portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 are interleaved as REGION0. A
single PMEM namespace is created in the REGION0-SPA-range that spans most
of DIMM0 and DIMM1 with a user-specified name of â€œpm0.0â€. Some of that
interleaved system-physical-address range is left free for
another PMEM namespace to be defined.”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K´hjþ  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hjù  ubjý  )”}”(hŒÞIn the last portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 we have an interleaved
system-physical-address range, REGION1, that spans those two DIMMs as
well as DIMM2 and DIMM3.  Some of REGION1 is allocated to a PMEM namespace
named "pm1.0".
”h]”hÌ)”}”(hŒÝIn the last portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 we have an interleaved
system-physical-address range, REGION1, that spans those two DIMMs as
well as DIMM2 and DIMM3.  Some of REGION1 is allocated to a PMEM namespace
named "pm1.0".”h]”hŒáIn the last portion of DIMM0 and DIMM1 we have an interleaved
system-physical-address range, REGION1, that spans those two DIMMs as
well as DIMM2 and DIMM3.  Some of REGION1 is allocated to a PMEM namespace
named â€œpm1.0â€.”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kºhj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hjù  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œenumtype”Œarabic”Œprefix”hŒsuffix”Œ.”uh1j÷  hjó  ubhÌ)”}”(hŒÞThis bus is provided by the kernel under the device
/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0 when the nfit_test.ko module from
tools/testing/nvdimm is loaded. This module is a unit test for
LIBNVDIMM and the  acpi_nfit.ko driver.”h]”hŒÞThis bus is provided by the kernel under the device
/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0 when the nfit_test.ko module from
tools/testing/nvdimm is loaded. This module is a unit test for
LIBNVDIMM and the  acpi_nfit.ko driver.”…””}”(hj9  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´K¿hjó  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jñ  h³hÊh´K´hj´  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œexample-nvdimm-platform”ah ]”h"]”Œexample nvdimm platform”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´K›ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ8LIBNVDIMM Kernel Device Model and LIBNDCTL Userspace API”h]”hŒ8LIBNVDIMM Kernel Device Model and LIBNDCTL Userspace API”…””}”(hjX  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjU  h²hh³hÊh´KÆubhÌ)”}”(hX  What follows is a description of the LIBNVDIMM sysfs layout and a
corresponding object hierarchy diagram as viewed through the LIBNDCTL
API.  The example sysfs paths and diagrams are relative to the Example
NVDIMM Platform which is also the LIBNVDIMM bus used in the LIBNDCTL unit
test.”h]”hX  What follows is a description of the LIBNVDIMM sysfs layout and a
corresponding object hierarchy diagram as viewed through the LIBNDCTL
API.  The example sysfs paths and diagrams are relative to the Example
NVDIMM Platform which is also the LIBNVDIMM bus used in the LIBNDCTL unit
test.”…””}”(hjf  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KÈhjU  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNDCTL: Context”h]”hŒLIBNDCTL: Context”…””}”(hjw  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjt  h²hh³hÊh´KÏubhÌ)”}”(hŒ«Every API call in the LIBNDCTL library requires a context that holds the
logging parameters and other library instance state.  The library is
based on the libabc template:”h]”hŒ«Every API call in the LIBNDCTL library requires a context that holds the
logging parameters and other library instance state.  The library is
based on the libabc template:”…””}”(hj…  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KÑhjt  h²hubjò  )”}”(hŒ<https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/kay/libabc.git
”h]”hÌ)”}”(hŒ;https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/kay/libabc.git”h]”hà)”}”(hj™  h]”hŒ;https://git.kernel.org/cgit/linux/kernel/git/kay/libabc.git”…””}”(hj›  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j™  uh1hßhj—  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´KÕhj“  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jñ  h³hÊh´KÕhjt  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ3LIBNDCTL: instantiate a new library context example”h]”hŒ3LIBNDCTL: instantiate a new library context example”…””}”(hj¸  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjµ  h²hh³hÊh´KØubjÔ  )”}”(hŒ_struct ndctl_ctx *ctx;

if (ndctl_new(&ctx) == 0)
        return ctx;
else
        return NULL;”h]”hŒ_struct ndctl_ctx *ctx;

if (ndctl_new(&ctx) == 0)
        return ctx;
else
        return NULL;”…””}”hjÆ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´KÜhjµ  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ2libndctl-instantiate-a-new-library-context-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ3libndctl: instantiate a new library context example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjt  h²hh³hÊh´KØubeh}”(h]”Œlibndctl-context”ah ]”h"]”Œlibndctl: context”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´KÏubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Bus”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Bus”…””}”(hjç  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjä  h²hh³hÊh´KäubhÌ)”}”(hXj  A bus has a 1:1 relationship with an NFIT.  The current expectation for
ACPI based systems is that there is only ever one platform-global NFIT.
That said, it is trivial to register multiple NFITs, the specification
does not preclude it.  The infrastructure supports multiple buses and
we use this capability to test multiple NFIT configurations in the unit
test.”h]”hXj  A bus has a 1:1 relationship with an NFIT.  The current expectation for
ACPI based systems is that there is only ever one platform-global NFIT.
That said, it is trivial to register multiple NFITs, the specification
does not preclude it.  The infrastructure supports multiple buses and
we use this capability to test multiple NFIT configurations in the unit
test.”…””}”(hjõ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kæhjä  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-libndctl-bus”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm/libndctl: bus”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´Käubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ-LIBNVDIMM: control class device in /sys/class”h]”hŒ-LIBNVDIMM: control class device in /sys/class”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj  h²hh³hÊh´KîubhÌ)”}”(hŒ_This character device accepts DSM messages to be passed to DIMM
identified by its NFIT handle::”h]”hŒ^This character device accepts DSM messages to be passed to DIMM
identified by its NFIT handle:”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Kðhj  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hŒi/sys/class/nd/ndctl0
|-- dev
|-- device -> ../../../ndbus0
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../../class/nd”h]”hŒi/sys/class/nd/ndctl0
|-- dev
|-- device -> ../../../ndbus0
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../../class/nd”…””}”hj*  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Kóhj  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ+libnvdimm-control-class-device-in-sys-class”ah ]”h"]”Œ-libnvdimm: control class device in /sys/class”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´Kîubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: bus”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: bus”…””}”(hjC  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj@  h²hh³hÊh´KûubjÔ  )”}”(hŒnstruct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus_register(struct device *parent,
       struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nfit_desc);”h]”hŒnstruct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus_register(struct device *parent,
       struct nvdimm_bus_descriptor *nfit_desc);”…””}”hjQ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Kÿhj@  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hŒæ/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- commands
|-- nd
|-- nfit
|-- nmem0
|-- nmem1
|-- nmem2
|-- nmem3
|-- power
|-- provider
|-- region0
|-- region1
|-- region2
|-- region3
|-- region4
|-- region5
|-- uevent
`-- wait_probe”h]”hŒæ/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- commands
|-- nd
|-- nfit
|-- nmem0
|-- nmem1
|-- nmem2
|-- nmem3
|-- power
|-- provider
|-- region0
|-- region1
|-- region2
|-- region3
|-- region4
|-- region5
|-- uevent
`-- wait_probe”…””}”hj_  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Mhj@  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ!LIBNDCTL: bus enumeration example”h]”hŒ!LIBNDCTL: bus enumeration example”…””}”(hjp  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjm  h²hh³hÊh´MubhÌ)”}”(hŒIFind the bus handle that describes the bus from Example NVDIMM Platform::”h]”hŒHFind the bus handle that describes the bus from Example NVDIMM Platform:”…””}”(hj~  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mhjm  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hXc  static struct ndctl_bus *get_bus_by_provider(struct ndctl_ctx *ctx,
                const char *provider)
{
        struct ndctl_bus *bus;

        ndctl_bus_foreach(ctx, bus)
                if (strcmp(provider, ndctl_bus_get_provider(bus)) == 0)
                        return bus;

        return NULL;
}

bus = get_bus_by_provider(ctx, "nfit_test.0");”h]”hXc  static struct ndctl_bus *get_bus_by_provider(struct ndctl_ctx *ctx,
                const char *provider)
{
        struct ndctl_bus *bus;

        ndctl_bus_foreach(ctx, bus)
                if (strcmp(provider, ndctl_bus_get_provider(bus)) == 0)
                        return bus;

        return NULL;
}

bus = get_bus_by_provider(ctx, "nfit_test.0");”…””}”hjŒ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Mhjm  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ libndctl-bus-enumeration-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ!libndctl: bus enumeration example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhj@  h²hh³hÊh´Mubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-bus”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm: bus”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´Kûubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: DIMM (NMEM)”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: DIMM (NMEM)”…””}”(hj­  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjª  h²hh³hÊh´M,ubhÌ)”}”(hŒãThe DIMM device provides a character device for sending commands to
hardware, and it is a container for LABELs.  If the DIMM is defined by
NFIT then an optional 'nfit' attribute sub-directory is available to add
NFIT-specifics.”h]”hŒçThe DIMM device provides a character device for sending commands to
hardware, and it is a container for LABELs.  If the DIMM is defined by
NFIT then an optional â€˜nfitâ€™ attribute sub-directory is available to add
NFIT-specifics.”…””}”(hj»  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M.hjª  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hX  Note that the kernel device name for "DIMMs" is "nmemX".  The NFIT
describes these devices via "Memory Device to System Physical Address
Range Mapping Structure", and there is no requirement that they actually
be physical DIMMs, so we use a more generic name.”h]”hX  Note that the kernel device name for â€œDIMMsâ€ is â€œnmemXâ€.  The NFIT
describes these devices via â€œMemory Device to System Physical Address
Range Mapping Structureâ€, and there is no requirement that they actually
be physical DIMMs, so we use a more generic name.”…””}”(hjÉ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M3hjª  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: DIMM (NMEM)”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: DIMM (NMEM)”…””}”(hjÚ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj×  h²hh³hÊh´M9ubjÔ  )”}”(hŒÆstruct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
                const struct attribute_group **groups, unsigned long flags,
                unsigned long *dsm_mask);”h]”hŒÆstruct nvdimm *nvdimm_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus, void *provider_data,
                const struct attribute_group **groups, unsigned long flags,
                unsigned long *dsm_mask);”…””}”hjè  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´M=hj×  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hX©  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- nmem0
|   |-- available_slots
|   |-- commands
|   |-- dev
|   |-- devtype
|   |-- driver -> ../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/nvdimm
|   |-- modalias
|   |-- nfit
|   |   |-- device
|   |   |-- format
|   |   |-- handle
|   |   |-- phys_id
|   |   |-- rev_id
|   |   |-- serial
|   |   `-- vendor
|   |-- state
|   |-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|   `-- uevent
|-- nmem1
[..]”h]”hX©  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- nmem0
|   |-- available_slots
|   |-- commands
|   |-- dev
|   |-- devtype
|   |-- driver -> ../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/nvdimm
|   |-- modalias
|   |-- nfit
|   |   |-- device
|   |   |-- format
|   |   |-- handle
|   |   |-- phys_id
|   |   |-- rev_id
|   |   |-- serial
|   |   `-- vendor
|   |-- state
|   |-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|   `-- uevent
|-- nmem1
[..]”…””}”hjö  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´MChj×  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-dimm-nmem”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm: dimm (nmem)”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjª  h²hh³hÊh´M9ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ"LIBNDCTL: DIMM enumeration example”h]”hŒ"LIBNDCTL: DIMM enumeration example”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj  h²hh³hÊh´M[ubhÌ)”}”(hŒwNote, in this example we are assuming NFIT-defined DIMMs which are
identified by an "nfit_handle" a 32-bit value where:”h]”hŒ{Note, in this example we are assuming NFIT-defined DIMMs which are
identified by an â€œnfit_handleâ€ a 32-bit value where:”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M]hj  h²hubjò  )”}”(hŒþ- Bit 3:0 DIMM number within the memory channel
- Bit 7:4 memory channel number
- Bit 11:8 memory controller ID
- Bit 15:12 socket ID (within scope of a Node controller if node
  controller is present)
- Bit 27:16 Node Controller ID
- Bit 31:28 Reserved
”h]”hŒbullet_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(jý  )”}”(hŒ-Bit 3:0 DIMM number within the memory channel”h]”hÌ)”}”(hj6  h]”hŒ-Bit 3:0 DIMM number within the memory channel”…””}”(hj8  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M`hj4  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubjý  )”}”(hŒBit 7:4 memory channel number”h]”hÌ)”}”(hjM  h]”hŒBit 7:4 memory channel number”…””}”(hjO  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´MahjK  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubjý  )”}”(hŒBit 11:8 memory controller ID”h]”hÌ)”}”(hjd  h]”hŒBit 11:8 memory controller ID”…””}”(hjf  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mbhjb  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubjý  )”}”(hŒUBit 15:12 socket ID (within scope of a Node controller if node
controller is present)”h]”hÌ)”}”(hŒUBit 15:12 socket ID (within scope of a Node controller if node
controller is present)”h]”hŒUBit 15:12 socket ID (within scope of a Node controller if node
controller is present)”…””}”(hj}  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mchjy  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubjý  )”}”(hŒBit 27:16 Node Controller ID”h]”hÌ)”}”(hj“  h]”hŒBit 27:16 Node Controller ID”…””}”(hj•  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mehj‘  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubjý  )”}”(hŒBit 31:28 Reserved
”h]”hÌ)”}”(hŒBit 31:28 Reserved”h]”hŒBit 31:28 Reserved”…””}”(hj¬  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mfhj¨  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hj1  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œbullet”Œ-”uh1j/  h³hÊh´M`hj+  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jñ  h³hÊh´M`hj  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hXó  static struct ndctl_dimm *get_dimm_by_handle(struct ndctl_bus *bus,
       unsigned int handle)
{
        struct ndctl_dimm *dimm;

        ndctl_dimm_foreach(bus, dimm)
                if (ndctl_dimm_get_handle(dimm) == handle)
                        return dimm;

        return NULL;
}

#define DIMM_HANDLE(n, s, i, c, d) \
        (((n & 0xfff) << 16) | ((s & 0xf) << 12) | ((i & 0xf) << 8) \
         | ((c & 0xf) << 4) | (d & 0xf))

dimm = get_dimm_by_handle(bus, DIMM_HANDLE(0, 0, 0, 0, 0));”h]”hXó  static struct ndctl_dimm *get_dimm_by_handle(struct ndctl_bus *bus,
       unsigned int handle)
{
        struct ndctl_dimm *dimm;

        ndctl_dimm_foreach(bus, dimm)
                if (ndctl_dimm_get_handle(dimm) == handle)
                        return dimm;

        return NULL;
}

#define DIMM_HANDLE(n, s, i, c, d) \
        (((n & 0xfff) << 16) | ((s & 0xf) << 12) | ((i & 0xf) << 8) \
         | ((c & 0xf) << 4) | (d & 0xf))

dimm = get_dimm_by_handle(bus, DIMM_HANDLE(0, 0, 0, 0, 0));”…””}”hjÎ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Mjhj  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ!libndctl-dimm-enumeration-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ"libndctl: dimm enumeration example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjª  h²hh³hÊh´M[ubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-libndctl-dimm-nmem”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm/libndctl: dimm (nmem)”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´M,ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Region”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Region”…””}”(hjï  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjì  h²hh³hÊh´M}ubhÌ)”}”(hX
  A generic REGION device is registered for each PMEM interleave-set /
range. Per the example there are 2 PMEM regions on the "nfit_test.0"
bus. The primary role of regions are to be a container of "mappings".  A
mapping is a tuple of <DIMM, DPA-start-offset, length>.”h]”hX  A generic REGION device is registered for each PMEM interleave-set /
range. Per the example there are 2 PMEM regions on the â€œnfit_test.0â€
bus. The primary role of regions are to be a container of â€œmappingsâ€.  A
mapping is a tuple of <DIMM, DPA-start-offset, length>.”…””}”(hjý  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mhjì  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒ¿LIBNVDIMM provides a built-in driver for REGION devices.  This driver
is responsible for all parsing LABELs, if present, and then emitting NAMESPACE
devices for the nd_pmem driver to consume.”h]”hŒ¿LIBNVDIMM provides a built-in driver for REGION devices.  This driver
is responsible for all parsing LABELs, if present, and then emitting NAMESPACE
devices for the nd_pmem driver to consume.”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M„hjì  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hXØ  In addition to the generic attributes of "mapping"s, "interleave_ways"
and "size" the REGION device also exports some convenience attributes.
"nstype" indicates the integer type of namespace-device this region
emits, "devtype" duplicates the DEVTYPE variable stored by udev at the
'add' event, "modalias" duplicates the MODALIAS variable stored by udev
at the 'add' event, and finally, the optional "spa_index" is provided in
the case where the region is defined by a SPA.”h]”hXü  In addition to the generic attributes of â€œmappingâ€s, â€œinterleave_waysâ€
and â€œsizeâ€ the REGION device also exports some convenience attributes.
â€œnstypeâ€ indicates the integer type of namespace-device this region
emits, â€œdevtypeâ€ duplicates the DEVTYPE variable stored by udev at the
â€˜addâ€™ event, â€œmodaliasâ€ duplicates the MODALIAS variable stored by udev
at the â€˜addâ€™ event, and finally, the optional â€œspa_indexâ€ is provided in
the case where the region is defined by a SPA.”…””}”(hj  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mˆhjì  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: region::”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: region:”…””}”(hj'  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mhjì  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hŒ|struct nd_region *nvdimm_pmem_region_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
                struct nd_region_desc *ndr_desc);”h]”hŒ|struct nd_region *nvdimm_pmem_region_create(struct nvdimm_bus *nvdimm_bus,
                struct nd_region_desc *ndr_desc);”…””}”hj5  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´M’hjì  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hXê  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- region0
|   |-- available_size
|   |-- btt0
|   |-- btt_seed
|   |-- devtype
|   |-- driver -> ../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/nd_region
|   |-- init_namespaces
|   |-- mapping0
|   |-- mapping1
|   |-- mappings
|   |-- modalias
|   |-- namespace0.0
|   |-- namespace_seed
|   |-- numa_node
|   |-- nfit
|   |   `-- spa_index
|   |-- nstype
|   |-- set_cookie
|   |-- size
|   |-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|   `-- uevent
|-- region1
[..]”h]”hXê  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0
|-- region0
|   |-- available_size
|   |-- btt0
|   |-- btt_seed
|   |-- devtype
|   |-- driver -> ../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/nd_region
|   |-- init_namespaces
|   |-- mapping0
|   |-- mapping1
|   |-- mappings
|   |-- modalias
|   |-- namespace0.0
|   |-- namespace_seed
|   |-- numa_node
|   |-- nfit
|   |   `-- spa_index
|   |-- nstype
|   |-- set_cookie
|   |-- size
|   |-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|   `-- uevent
|-- region1
[..]”…””}”hjC  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´M—hjì  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ$LIBNDCTL: region enumeration example”h]”hŒ$LIBNDCTL: region enumeration example”…””}”(hjT  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjQ  h²hh³hÊh´M±ubhÌ)”}”(hŒ`Sample region retrieval routines based on NFIT-unique data like
"spa_index" (interleave set id).”h]”hŒdSample region retrieval routines based on NFIT-unique data like
â€œspa_indexâ€ (interleave set id).”…””}”(hjb  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M³hjQ  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hXÆ  static struct ndctl_region *get_pmem_region_by_spa_index(struct ndctl_bus *bus,
                unsigned int spa_index)
{
        struct ndctl_region *region;

        ndctl_region_foreach(bus, region) {
                if (ndctl_region_get_type(region) != ND_DEVICE_REGION_PMEM)
                        continue;
                if (ndctl_region_get_spa_index(region) == spa_index)
                        return region;
        }
        return NULL;
}”h]”hXÆ  static struct ndctl_region *get_pmem_region_by_spa_index(struct ndctl_bus *bus,
                unsigned int spa_index)
{
        struct ndctl_region *region;

        ndctl_region_foreach(bus, region) {
                if (ndctl_region_get_type(region) != ND_DEVICE_REGION_PMEM)
                        continue;
                if (ndctl_region_get_spa_index(region) == spa_index)
                        return region;
        }
        return NULL;
}”…””}”hjp  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´M¸hjQ  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ#libndctl-region-enumeration-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ$libndctl: region enumeration example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjì  h²hh³hÊh´M±ubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-libndctl-region”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm/libndctl: region”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´M}ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Namespace”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Namespace”…””}”(hj‘  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjŽ  h²hh³hÊh´MÈubhÌ)”}”(hŒåA REGION, after resolving DPA aliasing and LABEL specified boundaries, surfaces
one or more "namespace" devices.  The arrival of a "namespace" device currently
triggers the nd_pmem driver to load and register a disk/block device.”h]”hŒíA REGION, after resolving DPA aliasing and LABEL specified boundaries, surfaces
one or more â€œnamespaceâ€ devices.  The arrival of a â€œnamespaceâ€ device currently
triggers the nd_pmem driver to load and register a disk/block device.”…””}”(hjŸ  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´MÊhjŽ  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: namespace”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: namespace”…””}”(hj°  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj­  h²hh³hÊh´MÏubhÌ)”}”(hX  Here is a sample layout from the 2 major types of NAMESPACE where namespace0.0
represents DIMM-info-backed PMEM (note that it has a 'uuid' attribute), and
namespace1.0 represents an anonymous PMEM namespace (note that has no 'uuid'
attribute due to not support a LABEL)”h]”hX  Here is a sample layout from the 2 major types of NAMESPACE where namespace0.0
represents DIMM-info-backed PMEM (note that it has a â€˜uuidâ€™ attribute), and
namespace1.0 represents an anonymous PMEM namespace (note that has no â€˜uuidâ€™
attribute due to not support a LABEL)”…””}”(hj¾  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´MÑhj­  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hXÿ  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0/region0/namespace0.0
|-- alt_name
|-- devtype
|-- dpa_extents
|-- force_raw
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- resource
|-- size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../bus/nd
|-- type
|-- uevent
`-- uuid
/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.1/ndbus1/region1/namespace1.0
|-- block
|   `-- pmem0
|-- devtype
|-- driver -> ../../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/pmem
|-- force_raw
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- resource
|-- size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../bus/nd
|-- type
`-- uevent”h]”hXÿ  /sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.0/ndbus0/region0/namespace0.0
|-- alt_name
|-- devtype
|-- dpa_extents
|-- force_raw
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- resource
|-- size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../bus/nd
|-- type
|-- uevent
`-- uuid
/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.1/ndbus1/region1/namespace1.0
|-- block
|   `-- pmem0
|-- devtype
|-- driver -> ../../../../../../bus/nd/drivers/pmem
|-- force_raw
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- resource
|-- size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../../bus/nd
|-- type
`-- uevent”…””}”hjÌ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´MØhj­  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-namespace”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm: namespace”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjŽ  h²hh³hÊh´MÏubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ'LIBNDCTL: namespace enumeration example”h]”hŒ'LIBNDCTL: namespace enumeration example”…””}”(hjå  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjâ  h²hh³hÊh´MôubhÌ)”}”(hŒèNamespaces are indexed relative to their parent region, example below.
These indexes are mostly static from boot to boot, but subsystem makes
no guarantees in this regard.  For a static namespace identifier use its
'uuid' attribute.”h]”hŒìNamespaces are indexed relative to their parent region, example below.
These indexes are mostly static from boot to boot, but subsystem makes
no guarantees in this regard.  For a static namespace identifier use its
â€˜uuidâ€™ attribute.”…””}”(hjó  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mõhjâ  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hX,  static struct ndctl_namespace
*get_namespace_by_id(struct ndctl_region *region, unsigned int id)
{
        struct ndctl_namespace *ndns;

        ndctl_namespace_foreach(region, ndns)
                if (ndctl_namespace_get_id(ndns) == id)
                        return ndns;

        return NULL;
}”h]”hX,  static struct ndctl_namespace
*get_namespace_by_id(struct ndctl_region *region, unsigned int id)
{
        struct ndctl_namespace *ndns;

        ndctl_namespace_foreach(region, ndns)
                if (ndctl_namespace_get_id(ndns) == id)
                        return ndns;

        return NULL;
}”…””}”hj	  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Mühjâ  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ&libndctl-namespace-enumeration-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ'libndctl: namespace enumeration example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjŽ  h²hh³hÊh´Môubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ$LIBNDCTL: namespace creation example”h]”hŒ$LIBNDCTL: namespace creation example”…””}”(hj	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj	  h²hh³hÊh´M	ubhÌ)”}”(hX¶  Idle namespaces are automatically created by the kernel if a given
region has enough available capacity to create a new namespace.
Namespace instantiation involves finding an idle namespace and
configuring it.  For the most part the setting of namespace attributes
can occur in any order, the only constraint is that 'uuid' must be set
before 'size'.  This enables the kernel to track DPA allocations
internally with a static identifier::”h]”hX½  Idle namespaces are automatically created by the kernel if a given
region has enough available capacity to create a new namespace.
Namespace instantiation involves finding an idle namespace and
configuring it.  For the most part the setting of namespace attributes
can occur in any order, the only constraint is that â€˜uuidâ€™ must be set
before â€˜sizeâ€™.  This enables the kernel to track DPA allocations
internally with a static identifier:”…””}”(hj(	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mhj	  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hX  static int configure_namespace(struct ndctl_region *region,
                struct ndctl_namespace *ndns,
                struct namespace_parameters *parameters)
{
        char devname[50];

        snprintf(devname, sizeof(devname), "namespace%d.%d",
                        ndctl_region_get_id(region), parameters->id);

        ndctl_namespace_set_alt_name(ndns, devname);
        /* 'uuid' must be set prior to setting size! */
        ndctl_namespace_set_uuid(ndns, parameters->uuid);
        ndctl_namespace_set_size(ndns, parameters->size);
        /* unlike pmem namespaces, blk namespaces have a sector size */
        if (parameters->lbasize)
                ndctl_namespace_set_sector_size(ndns, parameters->lbasize);
        ndctl_namespace_enable(ndns);
}”h]”hX  static int configure_namespace(struct ndctl_region *region,
                struct ndctl_namespace *ndns,
                struct namespace_parameters *parameters)
{
        char devname[50];

        snprintf(devname, sizeof(devname), "namespace%d.%d",
                        ndctl_region_get_id(region), parameters->id);

        ndctl_namespace_set_alt_name(ndns, devname);
        /* 'uuid' must be set prior to setting size! */
        ndctl_namespace_set_uuid(ndns, parameters->uuid);
        ndctl_namespace_set_size(ndns, parameters->size);
        /* unlike pmem namespaces, blk namespaces have a sector size */
        if (parameters->lbasize)
                ndctl_namespace_set_sector_size(ndns, parameters->lbasize);
        ndctl_namespace_enable(ndns);
}”…””}”hj6	  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´Mhj	  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œ#libndctl-namespace-creation-example”ah ]”h"]”Œ$libndctl: namespace creation example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjŽ  h²hh³hÊh´M	ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒWhy the Term "namespace"?”h]”hŒWhy the Term â€œnamespaceâ€?”…””}”(hjO	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjL	  h²hh³hÊh´M(ubjò  )”}”(hX¥  1. Why not "volume" for instance?  "volume" ran the risk of confusing
   ND (libnvdimm subsystem) to a volume manager like device-mapper.

2. The term originated to describe the sub-devices that can be created
   within a NVME controller (see the nvme specification:
   https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/), and NFIT namespaces are
   meant to parallel the capabilities and configurability of
   NVME-namespaces.

”h]”jø  )”}”(hhh]”(jý  )”}”(hŒ„Why not "volume" for instance?  "volume" ran the risk of confusing
ND (libnvdimm subsystem) to a volume manager like device-mapper.
”h]”hÌ)”}”(hŒƒWhy not "volume" for instance?  "volume" ran the risk of confusing
ND (libnvdimm subsystem) to a volume manager like device-mapper.”h]”hŒ‹Why not â€œvolumeâ€ for instance?  â€œvolumeâ€ ran the risk of confusing
ND (libnvdimm subsystem) to a volume manager like device-mapper.”…””}”(hjh	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M*hjd	  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hja	  ubjý  )”}”(hX  The term originated to describe the sub-devices that can be created
within a NVME controller (see the nvme specification:
https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/), and NFIT namespaces are
meant to parallel the capabilities and configurability of
NVME-namespaces.

”h]”hÌ)”}”(hX	  The term originated to describe the sub-devices that can be created
within a NVME controller (see the nvme specification:
https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/), and NFIT namespaces are
meant to parallel the capabilities and configurability of
NVME-namespaces.”h]”(hŒzThe term originated to describe the sub-devices that can be created
within a NVME controller (see the nvme specification:
”…””}”(hj€	  h²hh³Nh´Nubhà)”}”(hŒ*https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/”h]”hŒ*https://www.nvmexpress.org/specifications/”…””}”(hjˆ	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jŠ	  uh1hßhj€	  ubhŒe), and NFIT namespaces are
meant to parallel the capabilities and configurability of
NVME-namespaces.”…””}”(hj€	  h²hh³Nh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M-hj|	  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jü  hja	  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j4  j5  j6  hj7  j8  uh1j÷  hj]	  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jñ  h³hÊh´M*hjL	  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œwhy-the-term-namespace”ah ]”h"]”Œwhy the term "namespace"?”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjŽ  h²hh³hÊh´M(ubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-libndctl-namespace”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm/libndctl: namespace”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´MÈubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ1LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Block Translation Table "btt"”h]”hŒ5LIBNVDIMM/LIBNDCTL: Block Translation Table â€œbttâ€”…””}”(hjÆ	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjÃ	  h²hh³hÊh´M5ubhÌ)”}”(hŒžA BTT (design document: https://pmem.io/2014/09/23/btt.html) is a
personality driver for a namespace that fronts entire namespace as an
'address abstraction'.”h]”(hŒA BTT (design document: ”…””}”(hjÔ	  h²hh³Nh´Nubhà)”}”(hŒ#https://pmem.io/2014/09/23/btt.html”h]”hŒ#https://pmem.io/2014/09/23/btt.html”…””}”(hjÜ	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jÞ	  uh1hßhjÔ	  ubhŒg) is a
personality driver for a namespace that fronts entire namespace as an
â€˜address abstractionâ€™.”…””}”(hjÔ	  h²hh³Nh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M7hjÃ	  h²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNVDIMM: btt layout”h]”hŒLIBNVDIMM: btt layout”…””}”(hjø	  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjõ	  h²hh³hÊh´M<ubhÌ)”}”(hŒôEvery region will start out with at least one BTT device which is the
seed device.  To activate it set the "namespace", "uuid", and
"sector_size" attributes and then bind the device to the nd_pmem or
nd_blk driver depending on the region type::”h]”hŒÿEvery region will start out with at least one BTT device which is the
seed device.  To activate it set the â€œnamespaceâ€, â€œuuidâ€, and
â€œsector_sizeâ€ attributes and then bind the device to the nd_pmem or
nd_blk driver depending on the region type:”…””}”(hj
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M>hjõ	  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hŒÁ/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.1/ndbus0/region0/btt0/
|-- namespace
|-- delete
|-- devtype
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- sector_size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|-- uevent
`-- uuid”h]”hŒÁ/sys/devices/platform/nfit_test.1/ndbus0/region0/btt0/
|-- namespace
|-- delete
|-- devtype
|-- modalias
|-- numa_node
|-- sector_size
|-- subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/nd
|-- uevent
`-- uuid”…””}”hj
  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´MChjõ	  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œlibnvdimm-btt-layout”ah ]”h"]”Œlibnvdimm: btt layout”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjÃ	  h²hh³hÊh´M<ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒLIBNDCTL: btt creation example”h]”hŒLIBNDCTL: btt creation example”…””}”(hj-
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj*
  h²hh³hÊh´MOubhÌ)”}”(hX  Similar to namespaces an idle BTT device is automatically created per
region.  Each time this "seed" btt device is configured and enabled a new
seed is created.  Creating a BTT configuration involves two steps of
finding and idle BTT and assigning it to consume a namespace.”h]”hX  Similar to namespaces an idle BTT device is automatically created per
region.  Each time this â€œseedâ€ btt device is configured and enabled a new
seed is created.  Creating a BTT configuration involves two steps of
finding and idle BTT and assigning it to consume a namespace.”…””}”(hj;
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´MQhj*
  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hX  static struct ndctl_btt *get_idle_btt(struct ndctl_region *region)
{
        struct ndctl_btt *btt;

        ndctl_btt_foreach(region, btt)
                if (!ndctl_btt_is_enabled(btt)
                                && !ndctl_btt_is_configured(btt))
                        return btt;

        return NULL;
}

static int configure_btt(struct ndctl_region *region,
                struct btt_parameters *parameters)
{
        btt = get_idle_btt(region);

        ndctl_btt_set_uuid(btt, parameters->uuid);
        ndctl_btt_set_sector_size(btt, parameters->sector_size);
        ndctl_btt_set_namespace(btt, parameters->ndns);
        /* turn off raw mode device */
        ndctl_namespace_disable(parameters->ndns);
        /* turn on btt access */
        ndctl_btt_enable(btt);
}”h]”hX  static struct ndctl_btt *get_idle_btt(struct ndctl_region *region)
{
        struct ndctl_btt *btt;

        ndctl_btt_foreach(region, btt)
                if (!ndctl_btt_is_enabled(btt)
                                && !ndctl_btt_is_configured(btt))
                        return btt;

        return NULL;
}

static int configure_btt(struct ndctl_region *region,
                struct btt_parameters *parameters)
{
        btt = get_idle_btt(region);

        ndctl_btt_set_uuid(btt, parameters->uuid);
        ndctl_btt_set_sector_size(btt, parameters->sector_size);
        ndctl_btt_set_namespace(btt, parameters->ndns);
        /* turn off raw mode device */
        ndctl_namespace_disable(parameters->ndns);
        /* turn on btt access */
        ndctl_btt_enable(btt);
}”…””}”hjI
  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”j  j  uh1jÓ  h³hÊh´MXhj*
  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hŒSOnce instantiated a new inactive btt seed device will appear underneath
the region.”h]”hŒSOnce instantiated a new inactive btt seed device will appear underneath
the region.”…””}”(hjW
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Mrhj*
  h²hubhÌ)”}”(hX  Once a "namespace" is removed from a BTT that instance of the BTT device
will be deleted or otherwise reset to default values.  This deletion is
only at the device model level.  In order to destroy a BTT the "info
block" needs to be destroyed.  Note, that to destroy a BTT the media
needs to be written in raw mode.  By default, the kernel will autodetect
the presence of a BTT and disable raw mode.  This autodetect behavior
can be suppressed by enabling raw mode for the namespace via the
ndctl_namespace_set_raw_mode() API.”h]”hX  Once a â€œnamespaceâ€ is removed from a BTT that instance of the BTT device
will be deleted or otherwise reset to default values.  This deletion is
only at the device model level.  In order to destroy a BTT the â€œinfo
blockâ€ needs to be destroyed.  Note, that to destroy a BTT the media
needs to be written in raw mode.  By default, the kernel will autodetect
the presence of a BTT and disable raw mode.  This autodetect behavior
can be suppressed by enabling raw mode for the namespace via the
ndctl_namespace_set_raw_mode() API.”…””}”(hje
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´Muhj*
  h²hubeh}”(h]”Œlibndctl-btt-creation-example”ah ]”h"]”Œlibndctl: btt creation example”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjÃ	  h²hh³hÊh´MOubeh}”(h]”Œ.libnvdimm-libndctl-block-translation-table-btt”ah ]”h"]”Œ1libnvdimm/libndctl: block translation table "btt"”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjU  h²hh³hÊh´M5ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒSummary LIBNDCTL Diagram”h]”hŒSummary LIBNDCTL Diagram”…””}”(hj†
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjƒ
  h²hh³hÊh´M€ubhÌ)”}”(hŒZFor the given example above, here is the view of the objects as seen by the
LIBNDCTL API::”h]”hŒYFor the given example above, here is the view of the objects as seen by the
LIBNDCTL API:”…””}”(hj”
  h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hËh³hÊh´M‚hjƒ
  h²hubjÔ  )”}”(hX*              +---+
            |CTX|
            +-+-+
              |
+-------+     |
| DIMM0 <-+   |      +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+
+-------+ |   |    +-> REGION0 +---> NAMESPACE0.0 +--> PMEM8 "pm0.0" |
| DIMM1 <-+ +-v--+ | +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+
+-------+ +-+BUS0+-| +---------+   +--------------+  +----------------------+
| DIMM2 <-+ +----+ +-> REGION1 +---> NAMESPACE1.0 +--> PMEM6 "pm1.0" | BTT1 |
+-------+ |        | +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+------+
| DIMM3 <-+
+-------+”•¡      h]”hX*              +---+
            |CTX|
            +-+-+
              |
+-------+     |
| DIMM0 <-+   |      +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+
+-------+ |   |    +-> REGION0 +---> NAMESPACE0.0 +--> PMEM8 "pm0.0" |
| DIMM1 <-+ +-v--+ | +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+
+-------+ +-+BUS0+-| +---------+   +--------------+  +----------------------+
| DIMM2 <-+ +----+ +-> REGION1 +---> NAMESPACE1.0 +--> PMEM6 "pm1.0" | BTT1 |
+-------+ |        | +---------+   +--------------+  +---------------+------+
| DIMM3 <-+
+-------+”…””}”hj¢
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