€•¡D      Œsphinx.addnodes”Œdocument”“”)”}”(Œ	rawsource”Œ ”Œchildren”]”(Œtranslations”ŒLanguagesNode”“”)”}”(hhh]”(h Œpending_xref”“”)”}”(hhh]”Œdocutils.nodes”ŒText”“”ŒChinese (Simplified)”…””}”Œparent”hsbaŒ
attributes”}”(Œids”]”Œclasses”]”Œnames”]”Œdupnames”]”Œbackrefs”]”Œ	refdomain”Œstd”Œreftype”Œdoc”Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuŒtagname”hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒChinese (Traditional)”…””}”hh2sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/zh_TW/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒItalian”…””}”hhFsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/it_IT/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒJapanese”…””}”hhZsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/ja_JP/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒKorean”…””}”hhnsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/ko_KR/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒSpanish”…””}”hh‚sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ,/translations/sp_SP/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œcurrent_language”ŒEnglish”uh1h
hhŒ	_document”hŒsource”NŒline”NubhŒsection”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒtitle”“”)”}”(hŒUpgrading BIOS using spi-intel”h]”hŒUpgrading BIOS using spi-intel”…””}”(hh¨hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¦hh£hžhhŸŒF/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/driver-api/mtd/spi-intel.rst”h KubhŒ	paragraph”“”)”}”(hX_  Many Intel CPUs like Baytrail and Braswell include SPI serial flash host
controller which is used to hold BIOS and other platform specific data.
Since contents of the SPI serial flash is crucial for machine to function,
it is typically protected by different hardware protection mechanisms to
avoid accidental (or on purpose) overwrite of the content.”h]”hX_  Many Intel CPUs like Baytrail and Braswell include SPI serial flash host
controller which is used to hold BIOS and other platform specific data.
Since contents of the SPI serial flash is crucial for machine to function,
it is typically protected by different hardware protection mechanisms to
avoid accidental (or on purpose) overwrite of the content.”…””}”(hh¹hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒzNot all manufacturers protect the SPI serial flash, mainly because it
allows upgrading the BIOS image directly from an OS.”h]”hŒzNot all manufacturers protect the SPI serial flash, mainly because it
allows upgrading the BIOS image directly from an OS.”…””}”(hhÇhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubh¸)”}”(hXz  The spi-intel driver makes it possible to read and write the SPI serial
flash, if certain protection bits are not set and locked. If it finds
any of them set, the whole MTD device is made read-only to prevent
partial overwrites. By default the driver exposes SPI serial flash
contents as read-only but it can be changed from kernel command line,
passing "spi_intel.writeable=1".”h]”hX~  The spi-intel driver makes it possible to read and write the SPI serial
flash, if certain protection bits are not set and locked. If it finds
any of them set, the whole MTD device is made read-only to prevent
partial overwrites. By default the driver exposes SPI serial flash
contents as read-only but it can be changed from kernel command line,
passing â€œspi_intel.writeable=1â€.”…””}”(hhÕhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒ¹Please keep in mind that overwriting the BIOS image on SPI serial flash
might render the machine unbootable and requires special equipment like
Dediprog to revive. You have been warned!”h]”hŒ¹Please keep in mind that overwriting the BIOS image on SPI serial flash
might render the machine unbootable and requires special equipment like
Dediprog to revive. You have been warned!”…””}”(hhãhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒLBelow are the steps how to upgrade MinnowBoard MAX BIOS directly from
Linux.”h]”hŒLBelow are the steps how to upgrade MinnowBoard MAX BIOS directly from
Linux.”…””}”(hhñhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubhŒblock_quote”“”)”}”(hX€  1) Download and extract the latest Minnowboard MAX BIOS SPI image
   [1]. At the time writing this the latest image is v92.

2) Install mtd-utils package [2]. We need this in order to erase the SPI
   serial flash. Distros like Debian and Fedora have this prepackaged with
   name "mtd-utils".

3) Add "spi_intel.writeable=1" to the kernel command line and reboot
   the board (you can also reload the driver passing "writeable=1" as
   module parameter to modprobe).

4) Once the board is up and running again, find the right MTD partition
   (it is named as "BIOS")::

       # cat /proc/mtd
       dev:    size   erasesize  name
       mtd0: 00800000 00001000 "BIOS"

   So here it will be /dev/mtd0 but it may vary.

5) Make backup of the existing image first::

       # dd if=/dev/mtd0ro of=bios.bak
       16384+0 records in
       16384+0 records out
       8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 10.0269 s, 837 kB/s

6) Verify the backup::

       # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro bios.bak
       fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  /dev/mtd0ro
       fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  bios.bak

   The SHA1 sums must match. Otherwise do not continue any further!

7) Erase the SPI serial flash. After this step, do not reboot the
   board! Otherwise it will not start anymore::

       # flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0
       Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 7ff000 -- 100 % complete

8) Once completed without errors you can write the new BIOS image::

   # dd if=MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin of=/dev/mtd0

9) Verify that the new content of the SPI serial flash matches the new
   BIOS image::

       # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin
       9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2  /dev/mtd0ro
       9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin

   The SHA1 sums should match.

10) Now you can reboot your board and observe the new BIOS starting up
    properly.
”h]”hŒenumerated_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ	list_item”“”)”}”(hŒvDownload and extract the latest Minnowboard MAX BIOS SPI image
[1]. At the time writing this the latest image is v92.
”h]”h¸)”}”(hŒuDownload and extract the latest Minnowboard MAX BIOS SPI image
[1]. At the time writing this the latest image is v92.”h]”hŒuDownload and extract the latest Minnowboard MAX BIOS SPI image
[1]. At the time writing this the latest image is v92.”…””}”(hj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒ Install mtd-utils package [2]. We need this in order to erase the SPI
serial flash. Distros like Debian and Fedora have this prepackaged with
name "mtd-utils".
”h]”h¸)”}”(hŒŸInstall mtd-utils package [2]. We need this in order to erase the SPI
serial flash. Distros like Debian and Fedora have this prepackaged with
name "mtd-utils".”h]”hŒ£Install mtd-utils package [2]. We need this in order to erase the SPI
serial flash. Distros like Debian and Fedora have this prepackaged with
name â€œmtd-utilsâ€.”…””}”(hj(  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khj$  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒ¤Add "spi_intel.writeable=1" to the kernel command line and reboot
the board (you can also reload the driver passing "writeable=1" as
module parameter to modprobe).
”h]”h¸)”}”(hŒ£Add "spi_intel.writeable=1" to the kernel command line and reboot
the board (you can also reload the driver passing "writeable=1" as
module parameter to modprobe).”h]”hŒ«Add â€œspi_intel.writeable=1â€ to the kernel command line and reboot
the board (you can also reload the driver passing â€œwriteable=1â€ as
module parameter to modprobe).”…””}”(hj@  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K#hj<  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒéOnce the board is up and running again, find the right MTD partition
(it is named as "BIOS")::

    # cat /proc/mtd
    dev:    size   erasesize  name
    mtd0: 00800000 00001000 "BIOS"

So here it will be /dev/mtd0 but it may vary.
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒ^Once the board is up and running again, find the right MTD partition
(it is named as "BIOS")::”h]”hŒaOnce the board is up and running again, find the right MTD partition
(it is named as â€œBIOSâ€):”…””}”(hjX  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K'hjT  ubhŒliteral_block”“”)”}”(hŒM# cat /proc/mtd
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00800000 00001000 "BIOS"”h]”hŒM# cat /proc/mtd
dev:    size   erasesize  name
mtd0: 00800000 00001000 "BIOS"”…””}”hjh  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	xml:space”Œpreserve”uh1jf  hŸh¶h K*hjT  ubh¸)”}”(hŒ-So here it will be /dev/mtd0 but it may vary.”h]”hŒ-So here it will be /dev/mtd0 but it may vary.”…””}”(hjx  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K.hjT  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒµMake backup of the existing image first::

    # dd if=/dev/mtd0ro of=bios.bak
    16384+0 records in
    16384+0 records out
    8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 10.0269 s, 837 kB/s
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒ)Make backup of the existing image first::”h]”hŒ(Make backup of the existing image first:”…””}”(hj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K0hjŒ  ubjg  )”}”(hŒy# dd if=/dev/mtd0ro of=bios.bak
16384+0 records in
16384+0 records out
8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 10.0269 s, 837 kB/s”h]”hŒy# dd if=/dev/mtd0ro of=bios.bak
16384+0 records in
16384+0 records out
8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 10.0269 s, 837 kB/s”…””}”hjž  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jv  jw  uh1jf  hŸh¶h K2hjŒ  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒëVerify the backup::

    # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro bios.bak
    fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  /dev/mtd0ro
    fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  bios.bak

The SHA1 sums must match. Otherwise do not continue any further!
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒVerify the backup::”h]”hŒVerify the backup:”…””}”(hj¶  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K7hj²  ubjg  )”}”(hŒ‡# sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro bios.bak
fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  /dev/mtd0ro
fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  bios.bak”h]”hŒ‡# sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro bios.bak
fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  /dev/mtd0ro
fdbb011920572ca6c991377c4b418a0502668b73  bios.bak”…””}”hjÄ  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jv  jw  uh1jf  hŸh¶h K9hj²  ubh¸)”}”(hŒ@The SHA1 sums must match. Otherwise do not continue any further!”h]”hŒ@The SHA1 sums must match. Otherwise do not continue any further!”…””}”(hjÒ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K=hj²  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒ½Erase the SPI serial flash. After this step, do not reboot the
board! Otherwise it will not start anymore::

    # flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0
    Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 7ff000 -- 100 % complete
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒkErase the SPI serial flash. After this step, do not reboot the
board! Otherwise it will not start anymore::”h]”hŒjErase the SPI serial flash. After this step, do not reboot the
board! Otherwise it will not start anymore:”…””}”(hjê  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K?hjæ  ubjg  )”}”(hŒG# flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0
Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 7ff000 -- 100 % complete”h]”hŒG# flash_erase /dev/mtd0 0 0
Erasing 4 Kibyte @ 7ff000 -- 100 % complete”…””}”hjø  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jv  jw  uh1jf  hŸh¶h KBhjæ  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒ|Once completed without errors you can write the new BIOS image::

# dd if=MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin of=/dev/mtd0
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒ@Once completed without errors you can write the new BIOS image::”h]”hŒ?Once completed without errors you can write the new BIOS image:”…””}”(hj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KEhj  ubjg  )”}”(hŒ9# dd if=MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin of=/dev/mtd0”h]”hŒ9# dd if=MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin of=/dev/mtd0”…””}”hj  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jv  jw  uh1jf  hŸh¶h KGhj  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hX:  Verify that the new content of the SPI serial flash matches the new
BIOS image::

    # sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin
    9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2  /dev/mtd0ro
    9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin

The SHA1 sums should match.
”h]”(h¸)”}”(hŒPVerify that the new content of the SPI serial flash matches the new
BIOS image::”h]”hŒOVerify that the new content of the SPI serial flash matches the new
BIOS image:”…””}”(hj6  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KIhj2  ubjg  )”}”(hŒ¾# sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin
9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2  /dev/mtd0ro
9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin”h]”hŒ¾# sha1sum /dev/mtd0ro MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin
9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2  /dev/mtd0ro
9b4df9e4be2057fceec3a5529ec3d950836c87a2 MNW2MAX1.X64.0092.R01.1605221712.bin”…””}”hjD  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jv  jw  uh1jf  hŸh¶h KLhj2  ubh¸)”}”(hŒThe SHA1 sums should match.”h]”hŒThe SHA1 sums should match.”…””}”(hjR  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KPhj2  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubj  )”}”(hŒMNow you can reboot your board and observe the new BIOS starting up
properly.
”h]”h¸)”}”(hŒLNow you can reboot your board and observe the new BIOS starting up
properly.”h]”hŒLNow you can reboot your board and observe the new BIOS starting up
properly.”…””}”(hjj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KRhjf  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1j
  hj  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œenumtype”Œarabic”Œprefix”hŒsuffix”Œ)”uh1j  hj  ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÿhŸh¶h Khh£hžhubh¢)”}”(hhh]”(h§)”}”(hŒ
References”h]”hŒ
References”…””}”(hj’  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¦hj  hžhhŸh¶h KVubh¸)”}”(hŒ\[1] https://firmware.intel.com/sites/default/files/MinnowBoard%2EMAX_%2EX64%2E92%2ER01%2Ezip”h]”(hŒ[1] ”…””}”(hj   hžhhŸNh NubhŒ	reference”“”)”}”(hŒXhttps://firmware.intel.com/sites/default/files/MinnowBoard%2EMAX_%2EX64%2E92%2ER01%2Ezip”h]”hŒXhttps://firmware.intel.com/sites/default/files/MinnowBoard%2EMAX_%2EX64%2E92%2ER01%2Ezip”…””}”(hjª  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j¬  uh1j¨  hj   ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KXhj  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒ'[2] http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/”h]”(hŒ[2] ”…””}”(hj¿  hžhhŸNh Nubj©  )”}”(hŒ#http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/”h]”hŒ#http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/”…””}”(hjÇ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”jÉ  uh1j¨  hj¿  ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KZhj  hžhubeh}”(h]”Œ
references”ah ]”h"]”Œ
references”ah$]”h&]”uh1h¡hh£hžhhŸh¶h KVubeh}”(h]”Œupgrading-bios-using-spi-intel”ah ]”h"]”Œupgrading bios using spi-intel”ah$]”h&]”uh1h¡hhhžhhŸh¶h Kubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œsource”h¶uh1hŒcurrent_source”NŒcurrent_line”NŒsettings”Œdocutils.frontend”ŒValues”“”)”}”(h¦NŒ	generator”NŒ	datestamp”NŒsource_link”NŒ
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