€•ù/      Œsphinx.addnodes”Œdocument”“”)”}”(Œ	rawsource”Œ ”Œchildren”]”(Œtranslations”ŒLanguagesNode”“”)”}”(hhh]”(h Œpending_xref”“”)”}”(hhh]”Œdocutils.nodes”ŒText”“”ŒChinese (Simplified)”…””}”Œparent”hsbaŒ
attributes”}”(Œids”]”Œclasses”]”Œnames”]”Œdupnames”]”Œbackrefs”]”Œ	refdomain”Œstd”Œreftype”Œdoc”Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/zh_CN/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuŒtagname”hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒChinese (Traditional)”…””}”hh2sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/zh_TW/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒItalian”…””}”hhFsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/it_IT/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒJapanese”…””}”hhZsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/ja_JP/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒKorean”…””}”hhnsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/ko_KR/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒSpanish”…””}”hh‚sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ	reftarget”Œ;/translations/sp_SP/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns”Œmodname”NŒ	classname”NŒrefexplicit”ˆuh1hhhubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œcurrent_language”ŒEnglish”uh1h
hhŒ	_document”hŒsource”NŒline”NubhŒsection”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒtitle”“”)”}”(hŒDevice Driver Design Patterns”h]”hŒDevice Driver Design Patterns”…””}”(hh¨hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¦hh£hžhhŸŒU/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/design-patterns.rst”h KubhŒ	paragraph”“”)”}”(hŒµThis document describes a few common design patterns found in device drivers.
It is likely that subsystem maintainers will ask driver developers to
conform to these design patterns.”h]”hŒµThis document describes a few common design patterns found in device drivers.
It is likely that subsystem maintainers will ask driver developers to
conform to these design patterns.”…””}”(hh¹hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khh£hžhubhŒenumerated_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ	list_item”“”)”}”(hŒState Container”h]”h¸)”}”(hhÐh]”hŒState Container”…””}”(hhÒhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K	hhÎubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÌhhÉhžhhŸh¶h NubhÍ)”}”(hŒcontainer_of()

”h]”h¸)”}”(hŒcontainer_of()”h]”hŒcontainer_of()”…””}”(hhéhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K
hhåubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÌhhÉhžhhŸh¶h Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œenumtype”Œarabic”Œprefix”hŒsuffix”Œ.”uh1hÇhh£hžhhŸh¶h K	ubh¢)”}”(hhh]”(h§)”}”(hŒ1. State Container”h]”hŒ1. State Container”…””}”(hj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¦hj  hžhhŸh¶h Kubh¸)”}”(hX+  While the kernel contains a few device drivers that assume that they will
only be probed() once on a certain system (singletons), it is custom to assume
that the device the driver binds to will appear in several instances. This
means that the probe() function and all callbacks need to be reentrant.”h]”hX+  While the kernel contains a few device drivers that assume that they will
only be probed() once on a certain system (singletons), it is custom to assume
that the device the driver binds to will appear in several instances. This
means that the probe() function and all callbacks need to be reentrant.”…””}”(hj  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khj  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒlThe most common way to achieve this is to use the state container design
pattern. It usually has this form::”h]”hŒkThe most common way to achieve this is to use the state container design
pattern. It usually has this form:”…””}”(hj'  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Khj  hžhubhŒliteral_block”“”)”}”(hŒÿstruct foo {
    spinlock_t lock; /* Example member */
    (...)
};

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    foo = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*foo), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!foo)
        return -ENOMEM;
    spin_lock_init(&foo->lock);
    (...)
}”h]”hŒÿstruct foo {
    spinlock_t lock; /* Example member */
    (...)
};

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    foo = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*foo), GFP_KERNEL);
    if (!foo)
        return -ENOMEM;
    spin_lock_init(&foo->lock);
    (...)
}”…””}”hj7  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ	xml:space”Œpreserve”uh1j5  hŸh¶h Khj  hžhubh¸)”}”(hX&  This will create an instance of struct foo in memory every time probe() is
called. This is our state container for this instance of the device driver.
Of course it is then necessary to always pass this instance of the
state around to all functions that need access to the state and its members.”h]”hX&  This will create an instance of struct foo in memory every time probe() is
called. This is our state container for this instance of the device driver.
Of course it is then necessary to always pass this instance of the
state around to all functions that need access to the state and its members.”…””}”(hjG  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K(hj  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒyFor example, if the driver is registering an interrupt handler, you would
pass around a pointer to struct foo like this::”h]”hŒxFor example, if the driver is registering an interrupt handler, you would
pass around a pointer to struct foo like this:”…””}”(hjU  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K-hj  hžhubj6  )”}”(hŒÒstatic irqreturn_t foo_handler(int irq, void *arg)
{
    struct foo *foo = arg;
    (...)
}

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    (...)
    ret = request_irq(irq, foo_handler, 0, "foo", foo);
}”h]”hŒÒstatic irqreturn_t foo_handler(int irq, void *arg)
{
    struct foo *foo = arg;
    (...)
}

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    (...)
    ret = request_irq(irq, foo_handler, 0, "foo", foo);
}”…””}”hjc  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jE  jF  uh1j5  hŸh¶h K0hj  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒ`This way you always get a pointer back to the correct instance of foo in
your interrupt handler.”h]”hŒ`This way you always get a pointer back to the correct instance of foo in
your interrupt handler.”…””}”(hjq  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h K>hj  hžhubeh}”(h]”Œstate-container”ah ]”h"]”Œ1. state container”ah$]”h&]”uh1h¡hh£hžhhŸh¶h Kubh¢)”}”(hhh]”(h§)”}”(hŒ2. container_of()”h]”hŒ2. container_of()”…””}”(hjŠ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¦hj‡  hžhhŸh¶h KCubh¸)”}”(hŒ:Continuing on the above example we add an offloaded work::”h]”hŒ9Continuing on the above example we add an offloaded work:”…””}”(hj˜  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h KEhj‡  hžhubj6  )”}”(hX  struct foo {
    spinlock_t lock;
    struct workqueue_struct *wq;
    struct work_struct offload;
    (...)
};

static void foo_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
    struct foo *foo = container_of(work, struct foo, offload);

    (...)
}

static irqreturn_t foo_handler(int irq, void *arg)
{
    struct foo *foo = arg;

    queue_work(foo->wq, &foo->offload);
    (...)
}

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    foo->wq = create_singlethread_workqueue("foo-wq");
    INIT_WORK(&foo->offload, foo_work);
    (...)
}”h]”hX  struct foo {
    spinlock_t lock;
    struct workqueue_struct *wq;
    struct work_struct offload;
    (...)
};

static void foo_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
    struct foo *foo = container_of(work, struct foo, offload);

    (...)
}

static irqreturn_t foo_handler(int irq, void *arg)
{
    struct foo *foo = arg;

    queue_work(foo->wq, &foo->offload);
    (...)
}

static int foo_probe(...)
{
    struct foo *foo;

    foo->wq = create_singlethread_workqueue("foo-wq");
    INIT_WORK(&foo->offload, foo_work);
    (...)
}”…””}”hj¦  sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jE  jF  uh1j5  hŸh¶h KGhj‡  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒœThe design pattern is the same for an hrtimer or something similar that will
return a single argument which is a pointer to a struct member in the
callback.”h]”hŒœThe design pattern is the same for an hrtimer or something similar that will
return a single argument which is a pointer to a struct member in the
callback.”…””}”(hj´  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Kfhj‡  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒ5container_of() is a macro defined in <linux/kernel.h>”h]”hŒ5container_of() is a macro defined in <linux/kernel.h>”…””}”(hjÂ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Kjhj‡  hžhubh¸)”}”(hXD  What container_of() does is to obtain a pointer to the containing struct from
a pointer to a member by a simple subtraction using the offsetof() macro from
standard C, which allows something similar to object oriented behaviours.
Notice that the contained member must not be a pointer, but an actual member
for this to work.”h]”hXD  What container_of() does is to obtain a pointer to the containing struct from
a pointer to a member by a simple subtraction using the offsetof() macro from
standard C, which allows something similar to object oriented behaviours.
Notice that the contained member must not be a pointer, but an actual member
for this to work.”…””}”(hjÐ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Klhj‡  hžhubh¸)”}”(hŒ¹We can see here that we avoid having global pointers to our struct foo *
instance this way, while still keeping the number of parameters passed to the
work function to a single pointer.”h]”hŒ¹We can see here that we avoid having global pointers to our struct foo *
instance this way, while still keeping the number of parameters passed to the
work function to a single pointer.”…””}”(hjÞ  hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h·hŸh¶h Krhj‡  hžhubeh}”(h]”Œcontainer-of”ah ]”h"]”Œ2. container_of()”ah$]”h&]”uh1h¡hh£hžhhŸh¶h KCubeh}”(h]”Œdevice-driver-design-patterns”ah ]”h"]”Œdevice driver design patterns”ah$]”h&]”uh1h¡hhhžhhŸh¶h Kubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œsource”h¶uh1hŒcurrent_source”NŒcurrent_line”NŒsettings”Œdocutils.frontend”ŒValues”“”)”}”(h¦NŒ	generator”NŒ	datestamp”NŒsource_link”NŒ
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