€•Ã@Œsphinx.addnodes”Œdocument”“”)”}”(Œ rawsource”Œ”Œchildren”]”(Œ translations”Œ LanguagesNode”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ pending_xref”“”)”}”(hhh]”Œdocutils.nodes”ŒText”“”ŒChinese (Simplified)”…””}”Œparent”hsbaŒ attributes”}”(Œids”]”Œclasses”]”Œnames”]”Œdupnames”]”Œbackrefs”]”Œ refdomain”Œstd”Œreftype”Œdoc”Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/zh_CN/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuŒtagname”hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒChinese (Traditional)”…””}”hh2sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/zh_TW/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒItalian”…””}”hhFsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/it_IT/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒJapanese”…””}”hhZsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/ja_JP/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒKorean”…””}”hhnsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/ko_KR/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒSpanish”…””}”hh‚sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ2/translations/sp_SP/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œcurrent_language”ŒEnglish”uh1h hhŒ _document”hŒsource”NŒline”NubhŒcomment”“”)”}”(hŒ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0”h]”hŒ SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0”…””}”hh£sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ xml:space”Œpreserve”uh1h¡hhhžhhŸŒL/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/dev-tools/lkmm/docs/references.rst”h KubhŒsection”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒtitle”“”)”}”(hŒ References”h]”hŒ References”…””}”(hh»hžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1h¹hh¶hžhhŸh³h KubhŒ paragraph”“”)”}”(hŒGLiteral include of ``tools/memory-model/Documentation/references.txt``.”h]”(hŒLiteral include of ”…””}”(hhËhžhhŸNh NubhŒliteral”“”)”}”(hŒ3``tools/memory-model/Documentation/references.txt``”h]”hŒ/tools/memory-model/Documentation/references.txt”…””}”(hhÕhžhhŸNh Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÓhhËubhŒ.”…””}”(hhËhžhhŸNh Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÉhŸh³h Khh¶hžhubhŒ transition”“”)”}”(hŒB------------------------------------------------------------------”h]”h}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1híhŸh³h Khh¶hžhubhŒ literal_block”“”)”}”(hXÕThis document provides background reading for memory models and related tools. These documents are aimed at kernel hackers who are interested in memory models. Hardware manuals and models =========================== o SPARC International Inc. (Ed.). 1994. "The SPARC Architecture Reference Manual Version 9". SPARC International Inc. o Compaq Computer Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Alpha Architecture Reference Manual". Compaq Computer Corporation. o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "A Formal Specification of Intel Itanium Processor Family Memory Ordering". Intel Corporation. o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual". Intel Corporation. o Peter Sewell, Susmit Sarkar, Scott Owens, Francesco Zappa Nardelli, and Magnus O. Myreen. 2010. "x86-TSO: A Rigorous and Usable Programmer's Model for x86 Multiprocessors". Commun. ACM 53, 7 (July, 2010), 89-97. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1785414.1785443 o IBM Corporation (Ed.). 2009. "Power ISA Version 2.06". IBM Corporation. o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2009. "ARM Barrier Litmus Tests and Cookbook". ARM Ltd. o Susmit Sarkar, Peter Sewell, Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Derek Williams. 2011. "Understanding POWER Multiprocessors". In Proceedings of the 32Nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI ’11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 175–186. o Susmit Sarkar, Kayvan Memarian, Scott Owens, Mark Batty, Peter Sewell, Luc Maranget, Jade Alglave, and Derek Williams. 2012. "Synchronising C/C++ and POWER". In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 311-322. o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2014. "ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8, for ARMv8-A architecture profile)". ARM Ltd. o Imagination Technologies, LTD. 2015. "MIPS(R) Architecture For Programmers, Volume II-A: The MIPS64(R) Instruction, Set Reference Manual". Imagination Technologies, LTD. o Shaked Flur, Kathryn E. Gray, Christopher Pulte, Susmit Sarkar, Ali Sezgin, Luc Maranget, Will Deacon, and Peter Sewell. 2016. "Modelling the ARMv8 Architecture, Operationally: Concurrency and ISA". In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 608–621. o Shaked Flur, Susmit Sarkar, Christopher Pulte, Kyndylan Nienhuis, Luc Maranget, Kathryn E. Gray, Ali Sezgin, Mark Batty, and Peter Sewell. 2017. "Mixed-size Concurrency: ARM, POWER, C/C++11, and SC". In Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2017). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 429–442. o Christopher Pulte, Shaked Flur, Will Deacon, Jon French, Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2018. "Simplifying ARM concurrency: multicopy-atomic axiomatic and operational models for ARMv8". In Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 2, Issue POPL, Article No. 19. ACM, New York, NY, USA. Linux-kernel memory model ========================= o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra. 2019. "Calibrating your fear of big bad optimizing compilers" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/799218/ o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra. 2019. "Who's afraid of a big bad optimizing compiler?" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/793253/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2018. "Frightening small children and disconcerting grown-ups: Concurrency in the Linux kernel". In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2018). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 405-418. Webpage: http://diy.inria.fr/linux/. o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 1)" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/718628/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 2)" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/720550/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017-2019. "A Formal Model of Linux-Kernel Memory Ordering" (backup material for the LWN articles) https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/LWNLinuxMM/ Memory-model tooling ==================== o Daniel Jackson. 2002. "Alloy: A Lightweight Object Modelling Notation". ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 11, 2 (April 2002), 256–290. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/505145.505149 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Michael Tautschnig. 2014. "Herding Cats: Modelling, Simulation, Testing, and Data Mining for Weak Memory". ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 36, 2, Article 7 (July 2014), 7:1–7:74 pages. o Jade Alglave, Patrick Cousot, and Luc Maranget. 2016. "Syntax and semantics of the weak consistency model specification language cat". CoRR abs/1608.07531 (2016). https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07531 Memory-model comparisons ======================== o Paul E. McKenney, Ulrich Weigand, Andrea Parri, and Boqun Feng. 2018. "Linux-Kernel Memory Model". (27 September 2018). http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0124r6.html. ”h]”hXThis document provides background reading for memory models and related tools. These documents are aimed at kernel hackers who are interested in memory models. Hardware manuals and models =========================== o SPARC International Inc. (Ed.). 1994. "The SPARC Architecture Reference Manual Version 9". SPARC International Inc. o Compaq Computer Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Alpha Architecture Reference Manual". Compaq Computer Corporation. o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "A Formal Specification of Intel Itanium Processor Family Memory Ordering". Intel Corporation. o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer’s Manual". Intel Corporation. o Peter Sewell, Susmit Sarkar, Scott Owens, Francesco Zappa Nardelli, and Magnus O. Myreen. 2010. "x86-TSO: A Rigorous and Usable Programmer's Model for x86 Multiprocessors". Commun. ACM 53, 7 (July, 2010), 89-97. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1785414.1785443 o IBM Corporation (Ed.). 2009. "Power ISA Version 2.06". IBM Corporation. o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2009. "ARM Barrier Litmus Tests and Cookbook". ARM Ltd. o Susmit Sarkar, Peter Sewell, Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Derek Williams. 2011. "Understanding POWER Multiprocessors". In Proceedings of the 32Nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI ’11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 175–186. o Susmit Sarkar, Kayvan Memarian, Scott Owens, Mark Batty, Peter Sewell, Luc Maranget, Jade Alglave, and Derek Williams. 2012. "Synchronising C/C++ and POWER". In Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 311-322. o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2014. "ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8, for ARMv8-A architecture profile)". ARM Ltd. o Imagination Technologies, LTD. 2015. "MIPS(R) Architecture For Programmers, Volume II-A: The MIPS64(R) Instruction, Set Reference Manual". Imagination Technologies, LTD. o Shaked Flur, Kathryn E. Gray, Christopher Pulte, Susmit Sarkar, Ali Sezgin, Luc Maranget, Will Deacon, and Peter Sewell. 2016. "Modelling the ARMv8 Architecture, Operationally: Concurrency and ISA". In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 608–621. o Shaked Flur, Susmit Sarkar, Christopher Pulte, Kyndylan Nienhuis, Luc Maranget, Kathryn E. Gray, Ali Sezgin, Mark Batty, and Peter Sewell. 2017. "Mixed-size Concurrency: ARM, POWER, C/C++11, and SC". In Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2017). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 429–442. o Christopher Pulte, Shaked Flur, Will Deacon, Jon French, Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2018. "Simplifying ARM concurrency: multicopy-atomic axiomatic and operational models for ARMv8". In Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 2, Issue POPL, Article No. 19. ACM, New York, NY, USA. Linux-kernel memory model ========================= o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra. 2019. "Calibrating your fear of big bad optimizing compilers" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/799218/ o Jade Alglave, Will Deacon, Boqun Feng, David Howells, Daniel Lustig, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, Nicholas Piggin, Alan Stern, Akira Yokosawa, and Peter Zijlstra. 2019. "Who's afraid of a big bad optimizing compiler?" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/793253/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2018. "Frightening small children and disconcerting grown-ups: Concurrency in the Linux kernel". In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2018). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 405-418. Webpage: http://diy.inria.fr/linux/. o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 1)" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/718628/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 2)" Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/720550/ o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and Alan Stern. 2017-2019. "A Formal Model of Linux-Kernel Memory Ordering" (backup material for the LWN articles) https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/LWNLinuxMM/ Memory-model tooling ==================== o Daniel Jackson. 2002. "Alloy: A Lightweight Object Modelling Notation". ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 11, 2 (April 2002), 256–290. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/505145.505149 o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Michael Tautschnig. 2014. "Herding Cats: Modelling, Simulation, Testing, and Data Mining for Weak Memory". ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 36, 2, Article 7 (July 2014), 7:1–7:74 pages. o Jade Alglave, Patrick Cousot, and Luc Maranget. 2016. "Syntax and semantics of the weak consistency model specification language cat". CoRR abs/1608.07531 (2016). https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07531 Memory-model comparisons ======================== o Paul E. McKenney, Ulrich Weigand, Andrea Parri, and Boqun Feng. 2018. "Linux-Kernel Memory Model". (27 September 2018). http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2018/p0124r6.html. ”…””}”hhûsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œsource”ŒK/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/tools/memory-model/Documentation/references.txt”h±h²uh1hùh Khh¶hžhhŸh³ubeh}”(h]”Œ references”ah ]”h"]”Œ references”ah$]”h&]”uh1h´hhhžhhŸh³h Kubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œsource”h³uh1hŒcurrent_source”NŒ current_line”NŒsettings”Œdocutils.frontend”ŒValues”“”)”}”(h¹NŒ generator”NŒ datestamp”NŒ source_link”NŒ source_url”NŒ toc_backlinks”Œentry”Œfootnote_backlinks”KŒ sectnum_xform”KŒstrip_comments”NŒstrip_elements_with_classes”NŒ strip_classes”NŒ report_level”KŒ halt_level”KŒexit_status_level”KŒdebug”NŒwarning_stream”NŒ traceback”ˆŒinput_encoding”Œ utf-8-sig”Œinput_encoding_error_handler”Œstrict”Œoutput_encoding”Œutf-8”Œoutput_encoding_error_handler”j6Œerror_encoding”Œutf-8”Œerror_encoding_error_handler”Œbackslashreplace”Œ language_code”Œen”Œrecord_dependencies”NŒconfig”NŒ id_prefix”hŒauto_id_prefix”Œid”Œ dump_settings”NŒdump_internals”NŒdump_transforms”NŒdump_pseudo_xml”NŒexpose_internals”NŒstrict_visitor”NŒ_disable_config”NŒ_source”h³Œ _destination”NŒ _config_files”]”Œ7/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/docutils.conf”aŒfile_insertion_enabled”ˆŒ raw_enabled”KŒline_length_limit”M'Œpep_references”NŒ pep_base_url”Œhttps://peps.python.org/”Œpep_file_url_template”Œpep-%04d”Œrfc_references”NŒ rfc_base_url”Œ&https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/”Œ tab_width”KŒtrim_footnote_reference_space”‰Œsyntax_highlight”Œlong”Œ smart_quotes”ˆŒsmartquotes_locales”]”Œcharacter_level_inline_markup”‰Œdoctitle_xform”‰Œ docinfo_xform”KŒsectsubtitle_xform”‰Œ image_loading”Œlink”Œembed_stylesheet”‰Œcloak_email_addresses”ˆŒsection_self_link”‰Œenv”NubŒreporter”NŒindirect_targets”]”Œsubstitution_defs”}”Œsubstitution_names”}”Œrefnames”}”Œrefids”}”Œnameids”}”jj sŒ nametypes”}”j‰sh}”j h¶sŒ footnote_refs”}”Œ citation_refs”}”Œ autofootnotes”]”Œautofootnote_refs”]”Œsymbol_footnotes”]”Œsymbol_footnote_refs”]”Œ footnotes”]”Œ citations”]”Œautofootnote_start”KŒsymbol_footnote_start”KŒ id_counter”Œ collections”ŒCounter”“”}”…”R”Œparse_messages”]”Œtransform_messages”]”Œ transformer”NŒ include_log”]”Œ decoration”Nhžhub.