€•¯ÕŒsphinx.addnodes”Œdocument”“”)”}”(Œ rawsource”Œ”Œchildren”]”(Œ translations”Œ LanguagesNode”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ pending_xref”“”)”}”(hhh]”Œdocutils.nodes”ŒText”“”ŒChinese (Simplified)”…””}”Œparent”hsbaŒ attributes”}”(Œids”]”Œclasses”]”Œnames”]”Œdupnames”]”Œbackrefs”]”Œ refdomain”Œstd”Œreftype”Œdoc”Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/zh_CN/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuŒtagname”hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒChinese (Traditional)”…””}”hh2sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/zh_TW/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒItalian”…””}”hhFsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/it_IT/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒJapanese”…””}”hhZsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/ja_JP/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒKorean”…””}”hhnsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/ko_KR/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒPortuguese (Brazilian)”…””}”hh‚sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/pt_BR/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubh)”}”(hhh]”hŒSpanish”…””}”hh–sbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ refdomain”h)Œreftype”h+Œ reftarget”Œ'/translations/sp_SP/crypto/userspace-if”Œmodname”NŒ classname”NŒ refexplicit”ˆuh1hhh ubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œcurrent_language”ŒEnglish”uh1h hhŒ _document”hŒsource”NŒline”NubhŒsection”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒtitle”“”)”}”(hŒUser Space Interface”h]”hŒUser Space Interface”…””}”(hh¼h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhh·h²hh³ŒA/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/crypto/userspace-if.rst”h´Kubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒ Introduction”h]”hŒ Introduction”…””}”(hhÎh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhhËh²hh³hÊh´KubhŒ paragraph”“”)”}”(hŒßThe concepts of the kernel crypto API visible to kernel space is fully applicable to the user space interface as well. Therefore, the kernel crypto API high level discussion for the in-kernel use cases applies here as well.”h]”hŒßThe concepts of the kernel crypto API visible to kernel space is fully applicable to the user space interface as well. Therefore, the kernel crypto API high level discussion for the in-kernel use cases applies here as well.”…””}”(hhÞh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KhhËh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒThe major difference, however, is that user space can only act as a consumer and never as a provider of a transformation or cipher algorithm.”h]”hŒThe major difference, however, is that user space can only act as a consumer and never as a provider of a transformation or cipher algorithm.”…””}”(hhìh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K hhËh²hubhÝ)”}”(hX The following covers the user space interface exported by the kernel crypto API. A working example of this description is libkcapi that can be obtained from [1]. That library can be used by user space applications that require cryptographic services from the kernel.”h]”hX The following covers the user space interface exported by the kernel crypto API. A working example of this description is libkcapi that can be obtained from [1]. That library can be used by user space applications that require cryptographic services from the kernel.”…””}”(hhúh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KhhËh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÙSome details of the in-kernel kernel crypto API aspects do not apply to user space, however. This includes the difference between synchronous and asynchronous invocations. The user space API call is fully synchronous.”h]”hŒÙSome details of the in-kernel kernel crypto API aspects do not apply to user space, however. This includes the difference between synchronous and asynchronous invocations. The user space API call is fully synchronous.”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KhhËh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒ.[1] https://www.chronox.de/libkcapi/index.html”h]”(hŒ[1] ”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´NubhŒ reference”“”)”}”(hŒ*https://www.chronox.de/libkcapi/index.html”h]”hŒ*https://www.chronox.de/libkcapi/index.html”…””}”(hj h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œrefuri”j"uh1jhjubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KhhËh²hubeh}”(h]”Œ introduction”ah ]”h"]”Œ introduction”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´Kubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒUser Space API General Remarks”h]”hŒUser Space API General Remarks”…””}”(hj@h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj=h²hh³hÊh´KubhÝ)”}”(hŒeThe kernel crypto API is accessible from user space. Currently, the following ciphers are accessible:”h]”hŒeThe kernel crypto API is accessible from user space. Currently, the following ciphers are accessible:”…””}”(hjNh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Khj=h²hubhŒ bullet_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hŒ list_item”“”)”}”(hŒ;Message digest including keyed message digest (HMAC, CMAC) ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ:Message digest including keyed message digest (HMAC, CMAC)”h]”hŒ:Message digest including keyed message digest (HMAC, CMAC)”…””}”(hjgh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K"hjcubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj^h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒSymmetric ciphers ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒSymmetric ciphers”h]”hŒSymmetric ciphers”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K$hj{ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj^h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒ AEAD ciphers ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ AEAD ciphers”h]”hŒ AEAD ciphers”…””}”(hj—h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K&hj“ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj^h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒRandom Number Generators ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒRandom Number Generators”h]”hŒRandom Number Generators”…””}”(hj¯h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K(hj«ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj^h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œbullet”Œ-”uh1j\h³hÊh´K"hj=h²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÑThe interface is provided via socket type using the type AF_ALG. In addition, the setsockopt option type is SOL_ALG. In case the user space header files do not export these flags yet, use the following macros:”h]”hŒÑThe interface is provided via socket type using the type AF_ALG. In addition, the setsockopt option type is SOL_ALG. In case the user space header files do not export these flags yet, use the following macros:”…””}”(hjËh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K*hj=h²hubhŒ literal_block”“”)”}”(hŒR#ifndef AF_ALG #define AF_ALG 38 #endif #ifndef SOL_ALG #define SOL_ALG 279 #endif”h]”hŒR#ifndef AF_ALG #define AF_ALG 38 #endif #ifndef SOL_ALG #define SOL_ALG 279 #endif”…””}”hjÛsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”Œ xml:space”Œpreserve”uh1jÙh³hÊh´K0hj=h²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÇA cipher is accessed with the same name as done for the in-kernel API calls. This includes the generic vs. unique naming schema for ciphers as well as the enforcement of priorities for generic names.”h]”hŒÇA cipher is accessed with the same name as done for the in-kernel API calls. This includes the generic vs. unique naming schema for ciphers as well as the enforcement of priorities for generic names.”…””}”(hjëh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K8hj=h²hubhÝ)”}”(hX To interact with the kernel crypto API, a socket must be created by the user space application. User space invokes the cipher operation with the send()/write() system call family. The result of the cipher operation is obtained with the read()/recv() system call family.”h]”hX To interact with the kernel crypto API, a socket must be created by the user space application. User space invokes the cipher operation with the send()/write() system call family. The result of the cipher operation is obtained with the read()/recv() system call family.”…””}”(hjùh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´K¶hjFh²hubhÝ)”}”(hXFWith the recv() system call, the application can read the result of the cipher operation from the kernel crypto API. The output buffer must be at least as large as to hold all blocks of the encrypted or decrypted data. If the output data size is smaller, only as many blocks are returned that fit into that output buffer size.”h]”hXFWith the recv() system call, the application can read the result of the cipher operation from the kernel crypto API. The output buffer must be at least as large as to hold all blocks of the encrypted or decrypted data. If the output data size is smaller, only as many blocks are returned that fit into that output buffer size.”…””}”(hjLh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KºhjFh²hubeh}”(h]”Œsymmetric-cipher-api”ah ]”h"]”Œsymmetric cipher api”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´K‹ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒAEAD Cipher API”h]”hŒAEAD Cipher API”…””}”(hjeh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjbh²hh³hÊh´KÁubhÝ)”}”(hŒ–The operation is very similar to the symmetric cipher discussion. During initialization, the struct sockaddr data structure must be filled as follows:”h]”hŒ–The operation is very similar to the symmetric cipher discussion. During initialization, the struct sockaddr data structure must be filled as follows:”…””}”(hjsh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KÃhjbh²hubjÚ)”}”(hŒ³struct sockaddr_alg sa = { .salg_family = AF_ALG, .salg_type = "aead", /* this selects the symmetric cipher */ .salg_name = "gcm(aes)" /* this is the cipher name */ };”h]”hŒ³struct sockaddr_alg sa = { .salg_family = AF_ALG, .salg_type = "aead", /* this selects the symmetric cipher */ .salg_name = "gcm(aes)" /* this is the cipher name */ };”…””}”hjsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jéjêuh1jÙh³hÊh´KÉhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒ°Before data can be sent to the kernel using the write/send system call family, the consumer must set the key. The key setting is described with the setsockopt invocation below.”h]”hŒ°Before data can be sent to the kernel using the write/send system call family, the consumer must set the key. The key setting is described with the setsockopt invocation below.”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KÐhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒñIn addition, before data can be sent to the kernel using the write/send system call family, the consumer must set the authentication tag size. To set the authentication tag size, the caller must use the setsockopt invocation described below.”h]”hŒñIn addition, before data can be sent to the kernel using the write/send system call family, the consumer must set the authentication tag size. To set the authentication tag size, the caller must use the setsockopt invocation described below.”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KÔhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÙUsing the sendmsg() system call, the application provides the data that should be processed for encryption or decryption. In addition, the IV is specified with the data structure provided by the sendmsg() system call.”h]”hŒÙUsing the sendmsg() system call, the application provides the data that should be processed for encryption or decryption. In addition, the IV is specified with the data structure provided by the sendmsg() system call.”…””}”(hj«h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KÙhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hXUThe sendmsg system call parameter of struct msghdr is embedded into the struct cmsghdr data structure. See recv(2) and cmsg(3) for more information on how the cmsghdr data structure is used together with the send/recv system call family. That cmsghdr data structure holds the following information specified with a separate header instances:”h]”hXUThe sendmsg system call parameter of struct msghdr is embedded into the struct cmsghdr data structure. See recv(2) and cmsg(3) for more information on how the cmsghdr data structure is used together with the send/recv system call family. That cmsghdr data structure holds the following information specified with a separate header instances:”…””}”(hj¹h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KÝhjbh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ”specification of the cipher operation type with one of these flags: - ALG_OP_ENCRYPT - encryption of data - ALG_OP_DECRYPT - decryption of data ”h]”(hÝ)”}”(hŒCspecification of the cipher operation type with one of these flags:”h]”hŒCspecification of the cipher operation type with one of these flags:”…””}”(hjÎh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´KãhjÊubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ$ALG_OP_ENCRYPT - encryption of data ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ#ALG_OP_ENCRYPT - encryption of data”h]”hŒ#ALG_OP_ENCRYPT - encryption of data”…””}”(hjãh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kåhjßubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÜubjb)”}”(hŒ$ALG_OP_DECRYPT - decryption of data ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ#ALG_OP_DECRYPT - decryption of data”h]”hŒ#ALG_OP_DECRYPT - decryption of data”…””}”(hjûh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kçhj÷ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÜubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´KåhjÊubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÇh²hh³Nh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒDspecification of the IV information marked with the flag ALG_SET_IV ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒCspecification of the IV information marked with the flag ALG_SET_IV”h]”hŒCspecification of the IV information marked with the flag ALG_SET_IV”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kéhjubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÇh²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒËspecification of the associated authentication data (AAD) with the flag ALG_SET_AEAD_ASSOCLEN. The AAD is sent to the kernel together with the plaintext / ciphertext. See below for the memory structure. ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒÊspecification of the associated authentication data (AAD) with the flag ALG_SET_AEAD_ASSOCLEN. The AAD is sent to the kernel together with the plaintext / ciphertext. See below for the memory structure.”h]”hŒÊspecification of the associated authentication data (AAD) with the flag ALG_SET_AEAD_ASSOCLEN. The AAD is sent to the kernel together with the plaintext / ciphertext. See below for the memory structure.”…””}”(hj7h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Këhj3ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÇh²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Kãhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒFThe send system call family allows the following flag to be specified:”h]”hŒFThe send system call family allows the following flag to be specified:”…””}”(hjQh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kïhjbh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”jb)”}”(hŒ¯MSG_MORE: If this flag is set, the send system call acts like a cipher update function where more input data is expected with a subsequent invocation of the send system call. ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ®MSG_MORE: If this flag is set, the send system call acts like a cipher update function where more input data is expected with a subsequent invocation of the send system call.”h]”hŒ®MSG_MORE: If this flag is set, the send system call acts like a cipher update function where more input data is expected with a subsequent invocation of the send system call.”…””}”(hjfh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kñhjbubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj_h²hh³hÊh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Kñhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒ¨Note: The kernel reports -EINVAL for any unexpected data. The caller must make sure that all data matches the constraints given in /proc/crypto for the selected cipher.”h]”hŒ¨Note: The kernel reports -EINVAL for any unexpected data. The caller must make sure that all data matches the constraints given in /proc/crypto for the selected cipher.”…””}”(hj€h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kõhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hXWith the recv() system call, the application can read the result of the cipher operation from the kernel crypto API. The output buffer must be at least as large as defined with the memory structure below. If the output data size is smaller, the cipher operation is not performed.”h]”hXWith the recv() system call, the application can read the result of the cipher operation from the kernel crypto API. The output buffer must be at least as large as defined with the memory structure below. If the output data size is smaller, the cipher operation is not performed.”…””}”(hjŽh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kùhjbh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒˆThe authenticated decryption operation may indicate an integrity error. Such breach in integrity is marked with the -EBADMSG error code.”h]”hŒˆThe authenticated decryption operation may indicate an integrity error. Such breach in integrity is marked with the -EBADMSG error code.”…””}”(hjœh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Kþhjbh²hubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒAEAD Memory Structure”h]”hŒAEAD Memory Structure”…””}”(hj­h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjªh²hh³hÊh´MubhÝ)”}”(hŒ~The AEAD cipher operates with the following information that is communicated between user and kernel space as one data stream:”h]”hŒ~The AEAD cipher operates with the following information that is communicated between user and kernel space as one data stream:”…””}”(hj»h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒplaintext or ciphertext ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒplaintext or ciphertext”h]”hŒplaintext or ciphertext”…””}”(hjÐh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MhjÌubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÉh²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒ%associated authentication data (AAD) ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ$associated authentication data (AAD)”h]”hŒ$associated authentication data (AAD)”…””}”(hjèh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M hjäubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÉh²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒauthentication tag ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒauthentication tag”h]”hŒauthentication tag”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M hjüubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjÉh²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubhÝ)”}”(hXThe sizes of the AAD and the authentication tag are provided with the sendmsg and setsockopt calls (see there). As the kernel knows the size of the entire data stream, the kernel is now able to calculate the right offsets of the data components in the data stream.”h]”hXThe sizes of the AAD and the authentication tag are provided with the sendmsg and setsockopt calls (see there). As the kernel knows the size of the entire data stream, the kernel is now able to calculate the right offsets of the data components in the data stream.”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M hjªh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒYThe user space caller must arrange the aforementioned information in the following order:”h]”hŒYThe user space caller must arrange the aforementioned information in the following order:”…””}”(hj(h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ*AEAD encryption input: AAD \|\| plaintext ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ)AEAD encryption input: AAD \|\| plaintext”h]”hŒ)AEAD encryption input: AAD || plaintext”…””}”(hj=h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhj9ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj6h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒCAEAD decryption input: AAD \|\| ciphertext \|\| authentication tag ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒBAEAD decryption input: AAD \|\| ciphertext \|\| authentication tag”h]”hŒBAEAD decryption input: AAD || ciphertext || authentication tag”…””}”(hjUh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MhjQubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj6h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒfThe output buffer the user space caller provides must be at least as large to hold the following data:”h]”hŒfThe output buffer the user space caller provides must be at least as large to hold the following data:”…””}”(hjoh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ;AEAD encryption output: ciphertext \|\| authentication tag ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ:AEAD encryption output: ciphertext \|\| authentication tag”h]”hŒ:AEAD encryption output: ciphertext || authentication tag”…””}”(hj„h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhj€ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj}h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒ"AEAD decryption output: plaintext ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ!AEAD decryption output: plaintext”h]”hŒ!AEAD decryption output: plaintext”…””}”(hjœh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhj˜ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj}h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Mhjªh²hubeh}”(h]”Œaead-memory-structure”ah ]”h"]”Œaead memory structure”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhjbh²hh³hÊh´Mubeh}”(h]”Œaead-cipher-api”ah ]”h"]”Œaead cipher api”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´KÁubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒRandom Number Generator API”h]”hŒRandom Number Generator API”…””}”(hjÉh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjÆh²hh³hÊh´M!ubhÝ)”}”(hŒŒAgain, the operation is very similar to the other APIs. During initialization, the struct sockaddr data structure must be filled as follows:”h]”hŒŒAgain, the operation is very similar to the other APIs. During initialization, the struct sockaddr data structure must be filled as follows:”…””}”(hj×h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M#hjÆh²hubjÚ)”}”(hŒ¾struct sockaddr_alg sa = { .salg_family = AF_ALG, .salg_type = "rng", /* this selects the random number generator */ .salg_name = "drbg_nopr_sha256" /* this is the RNG name */ };”h]”hŒ¾struct sockaddr_alg sa = { .salg_family = AF_ALG, .salg_type = "rng", /* this selects the random number generator */ .salg_name = "drbg_nopr_sha256" /* this is the RNG name */ };”…””}”hjåsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jéjêuh1jÙh³hÊh´M)hjÆh²hubhÝ)”}”(hXDepending on the RNG type, the RNG must be seeded. The seed is provided using the setsockopt interface to set the key. The SP800-90A DRBGs do not require a seed, but may be seeded. The seed is also known as a *Personalization String* in NIST SP 800-90A standard.”h]”(hŒÑDepending on the RNG type, the RNG must be seeded. The seed is provided using the setsockopt interface to set the key. The SP800-90A DRBGs do not require a seed, but may be seeded. The seed is also known as a ”…””}”(hjóh²hh³Nh´NubhŒemphasis”“”)”}”(hŒ*Personalization String*”h]”hŒPersonalization String”…””}”(hjýh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jûhjóubhŒ in NIST SP 800-90A standard.”…””}”(hjóh²hh³Nh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M0hjÆh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÏUsing the read()/recvmsg() system calls, random numbers can be obtained. The kernel generates at most 128 bytes in one call. If user space requires more data, multiple calls to read()/recvmsg() must be made.”h]”hŒÏUsing the read()/recvmsg() system calls, random numbers can be obtained. The kernel generates at most 128 bytes in one call. If user space requires more data, multiple calls to read()/recvmsg() must be made.”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M5hjÆh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒ¥WARNING: The user space caller may invoke the initially mentioned accept system call multiple times. In this case, the returned file descriptors have the same state.”h]”hŒ¥WARNING: The user space caller may invoke the initially mentioned accept system call multiple times. In this case, the returned file descriptors have the same state.”…””}”(hj#h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M9hjÆh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒhFollowing CAVP testing interfaces are enabled when kernel is built with CRYPTO_USER_API_RNG_CAVP option:”h]”hŒhFollowing CAVP testing interfaces are enabled when kernel is built with CRYPTO_USER_API_RNG_CAVP option:”…””}”(hj1h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M=hjÆh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ¬the concatenation of *Entropy* and *Nonce* can be provided to the RNG via ALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY setsockopt interface. Setting the entropy requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN permission. ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ«the concatenation of *Entropy* and *Nonce* can be provided to the RNG via ALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY setsockopt interface. Setting the entropy requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN permission.”h]”(hŒthe concatenation of ”…””}”(hjFh²hh³Nh´Nubjü)”}”(hŒ *Entropy*”h]”hŒEntropy”…””}”(hjNh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jûhjFubhŒ and ”…””}”(hjFh²hh³Nh´Nubjü)”}”(hŒ*Nonce*”h]”hŒNonce”…””}”(hj`h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jûhjFubhŒ can be provided to the RNG via ALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY setsockopt interface. Setting the entropy requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN permission.”…””}”(hjFh²hh³Nh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M@hjBubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj?h²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒt*Additional Data* can be provided using the send()/sendmsg() system calls, but only after the entropy has been set. ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒs*Additional Data* can be provided using the send()/sendmsg() system calls, but only after the entropy has been set.”h]”(jü)”}”(hŒ*Additional Data*”h]”hŒAdditional Data”…””}”(hj†h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jûhj‚ubhŒb can be provided using the send()/sendmsg() system calls, but only after the entropy has been set.”…””}”(hj‚h²hh³Nh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MDhj~ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahj?h²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´M@hjÆh²hubeh}”(h]”Œrandom-number-generator-api”ah ]”h"]”Œrandom number generator api”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´M!ubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒZero-Copy Interface”h]”hŒZero-Copy Interface”…””}”(hjµh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhj²h²hh³hÊh´MHubhÝ)”}”(hŒæIn addition to the send/write/read/recv system call family, the AF_ALG interface can be accessed with the zero-copy interface of splice/vmsplice. As the name indicates, the kernel tries to avoid a copy operation into kernel space.”h]”hŒæIn addition to the send/write/read/recv system call family, the AF_ALG interface can be accessed with the zero-copy interface of splice/vmsplice. As the name indicates, the kernel tries to avoid a copy operation into kernel space.”…””}”(hjÃh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MJhj²h²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒçThe zero-copy operation requires data to be aligned at the page boundary. Non-aligned data can be used as well, but may require more operations of the kernel which would defeat the speed gains obtained from the zero-copy interface.”h]”hŒçThe zero-copy operation requires data to be aligned at the page boundary. Non-aligned data can be used as well, but may require more operations of the kernel which would defeat the speed gains obtained from the zero-copy interface.”…””}”(hjÑh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MOhj²h²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒÃThe system-inherent limit for the size of one zero-copy operation is 16 pages. If more data is to be sent to AF_ALG, user space must slice the input into segments with a maximum size of 16 pages.”h]”hŒÃThe system-inherent limit for the size of one zero-copy operation is 16 pages. If more data is to be sent to AF_ALG, user space must slice the input into segments with a maximum size of 16 pages.”…””}”(hjßh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MThj²h²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒmZero-copy can be used with the following code example (a complete working example is provided with libkcapi):”h]”hŒmZero-copy can be used with the following code example (a complete working example is provided with libkcapi):”…””}”(hjíh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MXhj²h²hubjÚ)”}”(hŒíint pipes[2]; pipe(pipes); /* input data in iov */ vmsplice(pipes[1], iov, iovlen, SPLICE_F_GIFT); /* opfd is the file descriptor returned from accept() system call */ splice(pipes[0], NULL, opfd, NULL, ret, 0); read(opfd, out, outlen);”h]”hŒíint pipes[2]; pipe(pipes); /* input data in iov */ vmsplice(pipes[1], iov, iovlen, SPLICE_F_GIFT); /* opfd is the file descriptor returned from accept() system call */ splice(pipes[0], NULL, opfd, NULL, ret, 0); read(opfd, out, outlen);”…””}”hjûsbah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jéjêuh1jÙh³hÊh´M]hj²h²hubeh}”(h]”Œzero-copy-interface”ah ]”h"]”Œzero-copy interface”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´MHubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒSetsockopt Interface”h]”hŒSetsockopt Interface”…””}”(hjh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjh²hh³hÊh´MhubhÝ)”}”(hX‘In addition to the read/recv and send/write system call handling to send and retrieve data subject to the cipher operation, a consumer also needs to set the additional information for the cipher operation. This additional information is set using the setsockopt system call that must be invoked with the file descriptor of the open cipher (i.e. the file descriptor returned by the accept system call).”h]”hX‘In addition to the read/recv and send/write system call handling to send and retrieve data subject to the cipher operation, a consumer also needs to set the additional information for the cipher operation. This additional information is set using the setsockopt system call that must be invoked with the file descriptor of the open cipher (i.e. the file descriptor returned by the accept system call).”…””}”(hj"h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mjhjh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒ6Each setsockopt invocation must use the level SOL_ALG.”h]”hŒ6Each setsockopt invocation must use the level SOL_ALG.”…””}”(hj0h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mqhjh²hubhÝ)”}”(hŒWThe setsockopt interface allows setting the following data using the mentioned optname:”h]”hŒWThe setsockopt interface allows setting the following data using the mentioned optname:”…””}”(hj>h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mshjh²hubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒåALG_SET_KEY -- Setting the key. Key setting is applicable to: - the skcipher cipher type (symmetric ciphers) - the hash cipher type (keyed message digests) - the AEAD cipher type - the RNG cipher type to provide the seed ”h]”(hÝ)”}”(hŒ=ALG_SET_KEY -- Setting the key. Key setting is applicable to:”h]”hŒ=ALG_SET_KEY -- Setting the key. Key setting is applicable to:”…””}”(hjSh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MvhjOubj])”}”(hhh]”(jb)”}”(hŒ-the skcipher cipher type (symmetric ciphers) ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ,the skcipher cipher type (symmetric ciphers)”h]”hŒ,the skcipher cipher type (symmetric ciphers)”…””}”(hjhh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mxhjdubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjaubjb)”}”(hŒ-the hash cipher type (keyed message digests) ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ,the hash cipher type (keyed message digests)”h]”hŒ,the hash cipher type (keyed message digests)”…””}”(hj€h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mzhj|ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjaubjb)”}”(hŒthe AEAD cipher type ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒthe AEAD cipher type”h]”hŒthe AEAD cipher type”…””}”(hj˜h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M|hj”ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjaubjb)”}”(hŒ(the RNG cipher type to provide the seed ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ'the RNG cipher type to provide the seed”h]”hŒ'the RNG cipher type to provide the seed”…””}”(hj°h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M~hj¬ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjaubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´MxhjOubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjLh²hh³Nh´Nubjb)”}”(hX”ALG_SET_KEY_BY_KEY_SERIAL -- Setting the key via keyring key_serial_t. This operation behaves the same as ALG_SET_KEY. The decrypted data is copied from a keyring key, and uses that data as the key for symmetric encryption. The passed in key_serial_t must have the KEY_(POS|USR|GRP|OTH)_SEARCH permission set, otherwise -EPERM is returned. Supports key types: user, logon, encrypted, and trusted. ”h]”hŒdefinition_list”“”)”}”(hhh]”hŒdefinition_list_item”“”)”}”(hXŽALG_SET_KEY_BY_KEY_SERIAL -- Setting the key via keyring key_serial_t. This operation behaves the same as ALG_SET_KEY. The decrypted data is copied from a keyring key, and uses that data as the key for symmetric encryption. The passed in key_serial_t must have the KEY_(POS|USR|GRP|OTH)_SEARCH permission set, otherwise -EPERM is returned. Supports key types: user, logon, encrypted, and trusted. ”h]”(hŒterm”“”)”}”(hŒFALG_SET_KEY_BY_KEY_SERIAL -- Setting the key via keyring key_serial_t.”h]”hŒFALG_SET_KEY_BY_KEY_SERIAL -- Setting the key via keyring key_serial_t.”…””}”(hjáh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jßh³hÊh´M‡hjÛubhŒ definition”“”)”}”(hhh]”(hÝ)”}”(hŒ˜This operation behaves the same as ALG_SET_KEY. The decrypted data is copied from a keyring key, and uses that data as the key for symmetric encryption.”h]”hŒ˜This operation behaves the same as ALG_SET_KEY. The decrypted data is copied from a keyring key, and uses that data as the key for symmetric encryption.”…””}”(hjôh²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´MhjñubhÝ)”}”(hŒ¬The passed in key_serial_t must have the KEY_(POS|USR|GRP|OTH)_SEARCH permission set, otherwise -EPERM is returned. Supports key types: user, logon, encrypted, and trusted.”h]”hŒ¬The passed in key_serial_t must have the KEY_(POS|USR|GRP|OTH)_SEARCH permission set, otherwise -EPERM is returned. Supports key types: user, logon, encrypted, and trusted.”…””}”(hj h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M…hjñubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jïhjÛubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jÙh³hÊh´M‡hjÖubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jÔhjÐubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjLh²hh³Nh´Nubjb)”}”(hXGALG_SET_AEAD_AUTHSIZE -- Setting the authentication tag size for AEAD ciphers. For a encryption operation, the authentication tag of the given size will be generated. For a decryption operation, the provided ciphertext is assumed to contain an authentication tag of the given size (see section about AEAD memory layout below). ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hXFALG_SET_AEAD_AUTHSIZE -- Setting the authentication tag size for AEAD ciphers. For a encryption operation, the authentication tag of the given size will be generated. For a decryption operation, the provided ciphertext is assumed to contain an authentication tag of the given size (see section about AEAD memory layout below).”h]”hXFALG_SET_AEAD_AUTHSIZE -- Setting the authentication tag size for AEAD ciphers. For a encryption operation, the authentication tag of the given size will be generated. For a decryption operation, the provided ciphertext is assumed to contain an authentication tag of the given size (see section about AEAD memory layout below).”…””}”(hj, h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´M‰hj( ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjLh²hh³hÊh´Nubjb)”}”(hŒALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY -- Setting the entropy of the random number generator. This option is applicable to RNG cipher type only. ”h]”hÝ)”}”(hŒ~ALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY -- Setting the entropy of the random number generator. This option is applicable to RNG cipher type only.”h]”hŒ~ALG_SET_DRBG_ENTROPY -- Setting the entropy of the random number generator. This option is applicable to RNG cipher type only.”…””}”(hjD h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hÜh³hÊh´Mhj@ ubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1jahjLh²hh³hÊh´Nubeh}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”jÉjÊuh1j\h³hÊh´Mvhjh²hubeh}”(h]”Œsetsockopt-interface”ah ]”h"]”Œsetsockopt interface”ah$]”h&]”uh1hµhh·h²hh³hÊh´Mhubh¶)”}”(hhh]”(h»)”}”(hŒUser space API example”h]”hŒUser space API example”…””}”(hji h²hh³Nh´Nubah}”(h]”h ]”h"]”h$]”h&]”uh1hºhjf h²hh³hÊh´M“ubhÝ)”}”(hŒ¿Please see [1] for libkcapi which provides an easy-to-use wrapper around the aforementioned Netlink kernel interface. [1] also contains a test application that invokes all libkcapi API calls.”h]”hŒ¿Please see [1] for libkcapi which provides an easy-to-use wrapper around the aforementioned Netlink kernel interface. 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