7sphinx.addnodesdocument)}( rawsourcechildren]( translations LanguagesNode)}(hhh](h pending_xref)}(hhh]docutils.nodesTextChinese (Simplified)}parenthsba attributes}(ids]classes]names]dupnames]backrefs] refdomainstdreftypedoc reftarget$/translations/zh_CN/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicitutagnamehhh ubh)}(hhh]hChinese (Traditional)}hh2sbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/zh_TW/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hItalian}hhFsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/it_IT/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hJapanese}hhZsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/ja_JP/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hKorean}hhnsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/ko_KR/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubh)}(hhh]hSpanish}hhsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] refdomainh)reftypeh+ reftarget$/translations/sp_SP/arch/arm/bootingmodnameN classnameN refexplicituh1hhh ubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]current_languageEnglishuh1h hh _documenthsourceNlineNubhsection)}(hhh](htitle)}(hBooting ARM Linuxh]hBooting ARM Linux}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhhh>/var/lib/git/docbuild/linux/Documentation/arch/arm/booting.rsthKubh paragraph)}(hAuthor: Russell Kingh]hAuthor: Russell King}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hDate : 18 May 2002h]hDate : 18 May 2002}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubh)}(hBThe following documentation is relevant to 2.4.18-rmk6 and beyond.h]hBThe following documentation is relevant to 2.4.18-rmk6 and beyond.}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK hhhhubh)}(hIn order to boot ARM Linux, you require a boot loader, which is a small program that runs before the main kernel. The boot loader is expected to initialise various devices, and eventually call the Linux kernel, passing information to the kernel.h]hIn order to boot ARM Linux, you require a boot loader, which is a small program that runs before the main kernel. The boot loader is expected to initialise various devices, and eventually call the Linux kernel, passing information to the kernel.}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK hhhhubh)}(hIEssentially, the boot loader should provide (as a minimum) the following:h]hIEssentially, the boot loader should provide (as a minimum) the following:}(hhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhhhhubhenumerated_list)}(hhh](h list_item)}(hSetup and initialise the RAM.h]h)}(hjh]hSetup and initialise the RAM.}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubj)}(hInitialise one serial port.h]h)}(hjh]hInitialise one serial port.}(hj!hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubj)}(hDetect the machine type.h]h)}(hj6h]hDetect the machine type.}(hj8hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhj4ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubj)}(hSetup the kernel tagged list.h]h)}(hjMh]hSetup the kernel tagged list.}(hjOhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjKubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubj)}(hLoad initramfs.h]h)}(hjdh]hLoad initramfs.}(hjfhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjbubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubj)}(hCall the kernel image. h]h)}(hCall the kernel image.h]hCall the kernel image.}(hj}hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjyubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]enumtypearabicprefixhsuffix.uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h1. Setup and initialise RAMh]h1. Setup and initialise RAM}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhKubhdefinition_list)}(hhh](hdefinition_list_item)}(h Existing boot loaders: MANDATORYh](hterm)}(hExisting boot loaders:h]hExisting boot loaders:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubh definition)}(hhh]h)}(h MANDATORYh]h MANDATORY}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hNew boot loaders: MANDATORY h](j)}(hNew boot loaders:h]hNew boot loaders:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK!hjubj)}(hhh]h)}(h MANDATORYh]h MANDATORY}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK!hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK!hjhhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubh)}(hXcThe boot loader is expected to find and initialise all RAM that the kernel will use for volatile data storage in the system. It performs this in a machine dependent manner. (It may use internal algorithms to automatically locate and size all RAM, or it may use knowledge of the RAM in the machine, or any other method the boot loader designer sees fit.)h]hXcThe boot loader is expected to find and initialise all RAM that the kernel will use for volatile data storage in the system. It performs this in a machine dependent manner. (It may use internal algorithms to automatically locate and size all RAM, or it may use knowledge of the RAM in the machine, or any other method the boot loader designer sees fit.)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK#hjhhubeh}(h]setup-and-initialise-ramah ]h"]1. setup and initialise ramah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h2. Initialise one serial porth]h2. Initialise one serial port}(hj5hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhj2hhhhhK,ubj)}(hhh](j)}(h,Existing boot loaders: OPTIONAL, RECOMMENDEDh](j)}(hExisting boot loaders:h]hExisting boot loaders:}(hjJhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK.hjFubj)}(hhh]h)}(hOPTIONAL, RECOMMENDEDh]hOPTIONAL, RECOMMENDED}(hj[hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK/hjXubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjFubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK.hjCubj)}(h(New boot loaders: OPTIONAL, RECOMMENDED h](j)}(hNew boot loaders:h]hNew boot loaders:}(hjyhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK1hjuubj)}(hhh]h)}(hOPTIONAL, RECOMMENDEDh]hOPTIONAL, RECOMMENDED}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK1hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjuubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhK1hjChhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj2hhhhhNubh)}(hX The boot loader should initialise and enable one serial port on the target. This allows the kernel serial driver to automatically detect which serial port it should use for the kernel console (generally used for debugging purposes, or communication with the target.)h]hX The boot loader should initialise and enable one serial port on the target. This allows the kernel serial driver to automatically detect which serial port it should use for the kernel console (generally used for debugging purposes, or communication with the target.)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK3hj2hhubh)}(hAs an alternative, the boot loader can pass the relevant 'console=' option to the kernel via the tagged lists specifying the port, and serial format options as described inh]hAs an alternative, the boot loader can pass the relevant ‘console=’ option to the kernel via the tagged lists specifying the port, and serial format options as described in}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK8hj2hhubh block_quote)}(h2Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst. h]h)}(h0Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst.h]h0Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.rst.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhK | ATAG_CORE | | +-----------+ | | ATAG_MEM | | increasing address +-----------+ | | ATAG_NONE | | +-----------+ vh]h +-----------+ base -> | ATAG_CORE | | +-----------+ | | ATAG_MEM | | increasing address +-----------+ | | ATAG_NONE | | +-----------+ v}hjOsbah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&] xml:spacepreserveuh1jMhhhKphjhhubh)}(h/The tagged list should be stored in system RAM.h]h/The tagged list should be stored in system RAM.}(hj_hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKxhjhhubh)}(hThe tagged list must be placed in a region of memory where neither the kernel decompressor nor initrd 'bootp' program will overwrite it. The recommended placement is in the first 16KiB of RAM.h]hThe tagged list must be placed in a region of memory where neither the kernel decompressor nor initrd ‘bootp’ program will overwrite it. The recommended placement is in the first 16KiB of RAM.}(hjmhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKzhjhhubeh}(h]a-setup-the-kernel-tagged-listah ]h"] 4a. setup the kernel tagged listah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhK_ubh)}(hhh](h)}(h4b. Setup the device treeh]h4b. Setup the device tree}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhKubh)}(hXhThe boot loader must load a device tree image (dtb) into system ram at a 64bit aligned address and initialize it with the boot data. The dtb format is documented at https://www.devicetree.org/specifications/. The kernel will look for the dtb magic value of 0xd00dfeed at the dtb physical address to determine if a dtb has been passed instead of a tagged list.h](hThe boot loader must load a device tree image (dtb) into system ram at a 64bit aligned address and initialize it with the boot data. The dtb format is documented at }(hjhhhNhNubh reference)}(h*https://www.devicetree.org/specifications/h]h*https://www.devicetree.org/specifications/}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refurijuh1jhjubh. The kernel will look for the dtb magic value of 0xd00dfeed at the dtb physical address to determine if a dtb has been passed instead of a tagged list.}(hjhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjhhubh)}(hX3The boot loader must pass at a minimum the size and location of the system memory, and the root filesystem location. The dtb must be placed in a region of memory where the kernel decompressor will not overwrite it, while remaining within the region which will be covered by the kernel's low-memory mapping.h]hX5The boot loader must pass at a minimum the size and location of the system memory, and the root filesystem location. The dtb must be placed in a region of memory where the kernel decompressor will not overwrite it, while remaining within the region which will be covered by the kernel’s low-memory mapping.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjhhubh)}(hDA safe location is just above the 128MiB boundary from start of RAM.h]hDA safe location is just above the 128MiB boundary from start of RAM.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjhhubeh}(h]b-setup-the-device-treeah ]h"]4b. setup the device treeah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h5. Load initramfs.h]h5. Load initramfs.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjhhhhhKubj)}(hhh](j)}(hExisting boot loaders: OPTIONALh](j)}(hExisting boot loaders:h]hExisting boot loaders:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hhh]h)}(hOPTIONALh]hOPTIONAL}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hNew boot loaders: OPTIONAL h](j)}(hNew boot loaders:h]hNew boot loaders:}(hj"hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hhh]h)}(hOPTIONALh]hOPTIONAL}(hj3hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhj0ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjhhhhhNubh)}(hIf an initramfs is in use then, as with the dtb, it must be placed in a region of memory where the kernel decompressor will not overwrite it while also with the region which will be covered by the kernel's low-memory mapping.h]hIf an initramfs is in use then, as with the dtb, it must be placed in a region of memory where the kernel decompressor will not overwrite it while also with the region which will be covered by the kernel’s low-memory mapping.}(hjShhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjhhubh)}(hA safe location is just above the device tree blob which itself will be loaded just above the 128MiB boundary from the start of RAM as recommended above.h]hA safe location is just above the device tree blob which itself will be loaded just above the 128MiB boundary from the start of RAM as recommended above.}(hjahhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjhhubeh}(h]load-initramfsah ]h"]5. load initramfs.ah$]h&]uh1hhhhhhhhKubh)}(hhh](h)}(h6. Calling the kernel imageh]h6. Calling the kernel image}(hjzhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhjwhhhhhKubj)}(hhh](j)}(h Existing boot loaders: MANDATORYh](j)}(hExisting boot loaders:h]hExisting boot loaders:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hhh]h)}(h MANDATORYh]h MANDATORY}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hNew boot loaders: MANDATORY h](j)}(hNew boot loaders:h]hNew boot loaders:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjubj)}(hhh]h)}(h MANDATORYh]h MANDATORY}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhhhKhjhhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjwhhhhhNubh)}(hThere are two options for calling the kernel zImage. If the zImage is stored in flash, and is linked correctly to be run from flash, then it is legal for the boot loader to call the zImage in flash directly.h]hThere are two options for calling the kernel zImage. If the zImage is stored in flash, and is linked correctly to be run from flash, then it is legal for the boot loader to call the zImage in flash directly.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjwhhubh)}(hXThe zImage may also be placed in system RAM and called there. The kernel should be placed in the first 128MiB of RAM. It is recommended that it is loaded above 32MiB in order to avoid the need to relocate prior to decompression, which will make the boot process slightly faster.h]hXThe zImage may also be placed in system RAM and called there. The kernel should be placed in the first 128MiB of RAM. It is recommended that it is loaded above 32MiB in order to avoid the need to relocate prior to decompression, which will make the boot process slightly faster.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjwhhubh)}(hWhen booting a raw (non-zImage) kernel the constraints are tighter. In this case the kernel must be loaded at an offset into system equal to TEXT_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET.h]hWhen booting a raw (non-zImage) kernel the constraints are tighter. In this case the kernel must be loaded at an offset into system equal to TEXT_OFFSET - PAGE_OFFSET.}(hj hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjwhhubh)}(h2In any case, the following conditions must be met:h]h2In any case, the following conditions must be met:}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjwhhubh bullet_list)}(hhh](j)}(hQuiesce all DMA capable devices so that memory does not get corrupted by bogus network packets or disk data. This will save you many hours of debug. h]h)}(hQuiesce all DMA capable devices so that memory does not get corrupted by bogus network packets or disk data. This will save you many hours of debug.h]hQuiesce all DMA capable devices so that memory does not get corrupted by bogus network packets or disk data. This will save you many hours of debug.}(hj0hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhj,ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)hhhhhNubj)}(hCPU register settings - r0 = 0, - r1 = machine type number discovered in (3) above. - r2 = physical address of tagged list in system RAM, or physical address of device tree block (dtb) in system RAM h](h)}(hCPU register settingsh]hCPU register settings}(hjHhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjDubj()}(hhh](j)}(hr0 = 0,h]h)}(hj[h]hr0 = 0,}(hj]hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjYubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubj)}(h1r1 = machine type number discovered in (3) above.h]h)}(hjrh]h1r1 = machine type number discovered in (3) above.}(hjthhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjpubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubj)}(hqr2 = physical address of tagged list in system RAM, or physical address of device tree block (dtb) in system RAM h]h)}(hpr2 = physical address of tagged list in system RAM, or physical address of device tree block (dtb) in system RAMh]hpr2 = physical address of tagged list in system RAM, or physical address of device tree block (dtb) in system RAM}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhjVubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]bullet-uh1j'hhhKhjDubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)hhhNhNubj)}(hXBCPU mode All forms of interrupts must be disabled (IRQs and FIQs) For CPUs which do not include the ARM virtualization extensions, the CPU must be in SVC mode. (A special exception exists for Angel) CPUs which include support for the virtualization extensions can be entered in HYP mode in order to enable the kernel to make full use of these extensions. This is the recommended boot method for such CPUs, unless the virtualisations are already in use by a pre-installed hypervisor. If the kernel is not entered in HYP mode for any reason, it must be entered in SVC mode. h](h)}(hCPU modeh]hCPU mode}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(h8All forms of interrupts must be disabled (IRQs and FIQs)h]h8All forms of interrupts must be disabled (IRQs and FIQs)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hFor CPUs which do not include the ARM virtualization extensions, the CPU must be in SVC mode. (A special exception exists for Angel)h]hFor CPUs which do not include the ARM virtualization extensions, the CPU must be in SVC mode. (A special exception exists for Angel)}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hXCPUs which include support for the virtualization extensions can be entered in HYP mode in order to enable the kernel to make full use of these extensions. This is the recommended boot method for such CPUs, unless the virtualisations are already in use by a pre-installed hypervisor.h]hXCPUs which include support for the virtualization extensions can be entered in HYP mode in order to enable the kernel to make full use of these extensions. This is the recommended boot method for such CPUs, unless the virtualisations are already in use by a pre-installed hypervisor.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hXIf the kernel is not entered in HYP mode for any reason, it must be entered in SVC mode.h]hXIf the kernel is not entered in HYP mode for any reason, it must be entered in SVC mode.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)hhhhhNubj)}(hX{Caches, MMUs The MMU must be off. Instruction cache may be on or off. Data cache must be off. If the kernel is entered in HYP mode, the above requirements apply to the HYP mode configuration in addition to the ordinary PL1 (privileged kernel modes) configuration. In addition, all traps into the hypervisor must be disabled, and PL1 access must be granted for all peripherals and CPU resources for which this is architecturally possible. Except for entering in HYP mode, the system configuration should be such that a kernel which does not include support for the virtualization extensions can boot correctly without extra help. h](h)}(h Caches, MMUsh]h Caches, MMUs}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hThe MMU must be off.h]hThe MMU must be off.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(h#Instruction cache may be on or off.h]h#Instruction cache may be on or off.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hData cache must be off.h]hData cache must be off.}(hj+hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubh)}(hXIf the kernel is entered in HYP mode, the above requirements apply to the HYP mode configuration in addition to the ordinary PL1 (privileged kernel modes) configuration. In addition, all traps into the hypervisor must be disabled, and PL1 access must be granted for all peripherals and CPU resources for which this is architecturally possible. Except for entering in HYP mode, the system configuration should be such that a kernel which does not include support for the virtualization extensions can boot correctly without extra help.h]hXIf the kernel is entered in HYP mode, the above requirements apply to the HYP mode configuration in addition to the ordinary PL1 (privileged kernel modes) configuration. In addition, all traps into the hypervisor must be disabled, and PL1 access must be granted for all peripherals and CPU resources for which this is architecturally possible. Except for entering in HYP mode, the system configuration should be such that a kernel which does not include support for the virtualization extensions can boot correctly without extra help.}(hj9hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1hhhhKhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jhj)hhhhhNubj)}(hXZThe boot loader is expected to call the kernel image by jumping directly to the first instruction of the kernel image. On CPUs supporting the ARM instruction set, the entry must be made in ARM state, even for a Thumb-2 kernel. 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