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YEN SIGN h]h¥}hj8sbah}(h]h ]h"]yenah$]h&]uh1hhhhKRhhhhubhsection)}(hhh](htitle)}(hPower Management Strategiesh]hPower Management Strategies}(hjNhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jLhjIhhhhhKubh field_list)}(hhh](hfield)}(hhh](h field_name)}(h Copyrighth]h Copyright}(hjhhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jfhjchhhKubh field_body)}(h|copy| 2017 Intel Corporation h]h paragraph)}(h|copy| 2017 Intel Corporationh](h©}(hj~hhhNhNubh 2017 Intel Corporation}(hj~hhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhKhjxubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jvhjcubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jahhhKhj^hhubjb)}(hhh](jg)}(hAuthorh]hAuthor}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jfhjhhhKubjw)}(h0Rafael J. Wysocki h]j})}(h.Rafael J. Wysocki h](hRafael J. Wysocki <}(hjhhhNhNubh reference)}(hrafael.j.wysocki@intel.comh]hrafael.j.wysocki@intel.com}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refuri!mailto:rafael.j.wysocki@intel.comuh1jhjubh>}(hjhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhK hjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jvhjubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1jahhhK hj^hhubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j\hjIhhhhhKubj})}(hKThe Linux kernel supports two major high-level power management strategies.h]hKThe Linux kernel supports two major high-level power management strategies.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhK hjIhhubj})}(hXOne of them is based on using global low-power states of the whole system in which user space code cannot be executed and the overall system activity is significantly reduced, referred to as :doc:`sleep states `. The kernel puts the system into one of these states when requested by user space and the system stays in it until a special signal is received from one of designated devices, triggering a transition to the ``working state`` in which user space code can run. Because sleep states are global and the whole system is affected by the state changes, this strategy is referred to as the :doc:`system-wide power management `.h](hOne of them is based on using global low-power states of the whole system in which user space code cannot be executed and the overall system activity is significantly reduced, referred to as }(hjhhhNhNubh)}(h":doc:`sleep states `h]hinline)}(hjh]h sleep states}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ](xrefstdstd-doceh"]h$]h&]uh1jhjubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refdocadmin-guide/pm/strategies refdomainjreftypedoc refexplicitrefwarn reftarget sleep-statesuh1hhhhKhjubh. The kernel puts the system into one of these states when requested by user space and the system stays in it until a special signal is received from one of designated devices, triggering a transition to the }(hjhhhNhNubhliteral)}(h``working state``h]h working state}(hj(hhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hjubh in which user space code can run. Because sleep states are global and the whole system is affected by the state changes, this strategy is referred to as the }(hjhhhNhNubh)}(h1:doc:`system-wide power management `h]j)}(hj<h]hsystem-wide power management}(hj>hhhNhNubah}(h]h ](j stdstd-doceh"]h$]h&]uh1jhj:ubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refdocj refdomainjHreftypedoc refexplicitrefwarnj  system-wideuh1hhhhKhjubh.}(hjhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhKhjIhhubj})}(hXThe other strategy, referred to as the :doc:`working-state power management `, is based on adjusting the power states of individual hardware components of the system, as needed, in the working state. In consequence, if this strategy is in use, the working state of the system usually does not correspond to any particular physical configuration of it, but can be treated as a metastate covering a range of different power states of the system in which the individual components of it can be either ``active`` (in use) or ``inactive`` (idle). If they are active, they have to be in power states allowing them to process data and to be accessed by software. In turn, if they are inactive, ideally, they should be in low-power states in which they may not be accessible.h](h'The other strategy, referred to as the }(hjdhhhNhNubh)}(h5:doc:`working-state power management `h]j)}(hjnh]hworking-state power management}(hjphhhNhNubah}(h]h ](j stdstd-doceh"]h$]h&]uh1jhjlubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]refdocj refdomainjzreftypedoc refexplicitrefwarnj  working-stateuh1hhhhKhjdubhX, is based on adjusting the power states of individual hardware components of the system, as needed, in the working state. In consequence, if this strategy is in use, the working state of the system usually does not correspond to any particular physical configuration of it, but can be treated as a metastate covering a range of different power states of the system in which the individual components of it can be either }(hjdhhhNhNubj')}(h ``active``h]hactive}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hjdubh (in use) or }(hjdhhhNhNubj')}(h ``inactive``h]hinactive}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j&hjdubh (idle). If they are active, they have to be in power states allowing them to process data and to be accessed by software. In turn, if they are inactive, ideally, they should be in low-power states in which they may not be accessible.}(hjdhhhNhNubeh}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhKhjIhhubj})}(hXMIf all of the system components are active, the system as a whole is regarded as "runtime active" and that situation typically corresponds to the maximum power draw (or maximum energy usage) of it. If all of them are inactive, the system as a whole is regarded as "runtime idle" which may be very close to a sleep state from the physical system configuration and power draw perspective, but then it takes much less time and effort to start executing user space code than for the same system in a sleep state. However, transitions from sleep states back to the working state can only be started by a limited set of devices, so typically the system can spend much more time in a sleep state than it can be runtime idle in one go. For this reason, systems usually use less energy in sleep states than when they are runtime idle most of the time.h]hXUIf all of the system components are active, the system as a whole is regarded as “runtime active” and that situation typically corresponds to the maximum power draw (or maximum energy usage) of it. If all of them are inactive, the system as a whole is regarded as “runtime idle” which may be very close to a sleep state from the physical system configuration and power draw perspective, but then it takes much less time and effort to start executing user space code than for the same system in a sleep state. However, transitions from sleep states back to the working state can only be started by a limited set of devices, so typically the system can spend much more time in a sleep state than it can be runtime idle in one go. For this reason, systems usually use less energy in sleep states than when they are runtime idle most of the time.}(hjhhhNhNubah}(h]h ]h"]h$]h&]uh1j|hhhK%hjIhhubj})}(hX<Moreover, the two power management strategies address different usage scenarios. Namely, if the user indicates that the system will not be in use going forward, for example by closing its lid (if the system is a laptop), it probably should go into a sleep state at that point. 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