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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | CONFORMING TO | BUGS | SEE ALSO | COLOPHONThe Linux Programming Interface


LOG(3)                        Linux Programmer's Manual                        LOG(3)

NAME         top

       log, logf, logl - natural logarithmic function

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <math.h>

       double log(double x);
       float logf(float x);
       long double logl(long double x);

       Link with -lm.

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       logf(), logl():
           _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE >= 600 || _ISOC99_SOURCE ||
           _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200112L;
           or cc -std=c99

DESCRIPTION         top

       The log() function returns the natural logarithm of x.

RETURN VALUE         top

       On success, these functions return the natural logarithm of x.

       If x is a NaN, a NaN is returned.

       If x is 1, the result is +0.

       If x is positive infinity, positive infinity is returned.

       If x is zero, then a pole error occurs, and the functions return -HUGE_VAL,
       -HUGE_VALF, or -HUGE_VALL, respectively.

       If x is negative (including negative infinity), then a domain error occurs,
       and a NaN (not a number) is returned.

ERRORS         top

       See math_error(7) for information on how to determine whether an error has
       occurred when calling these functions.

       The following errors can occur:

       Domain error: x is negative
              errno is set to EDOM.  An invalid floating-point exception (FE_INVALID)
              is raised.

       Pole error: x is zero
              errno is set to ERANGE.  A divide-by-zero floating-point exception
              (FE_DIVBYZERO) is raised.

CONFORMING TO         top

       C99, POSIX.1-2001.  The variant returning double also conforms to SVr4,
       4.3BSD, C89.

BUGS         top

       In glibc 2.5 and earlier, taking the log() of a NaN produces a bogus invalid
       floating-point (FE_INVALID) exception.

SEE ALSO         top

       cbrt(3), clog(3), log10(3), log1p(3), log2(3), sqrt(3)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of release 3.32 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found
       at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

                                      2010-09-20                               LOG(3)

HTML rendering created 2010-12-03 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface

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