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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | RETURN VALUE | ERRORS | CONFORMING TO | NOTES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHONThe Linux Programming Interface


NICE(2)                       Linux Programmer's Manual                       NICE(2)

NAME         top

       nice - change process priority

SYNOPSIS         top

       #include <unistd.h>

       int nice(int inc);

   Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):

       nice(): _BSD_SOURCE || _SVID_SOURCE || _XOPEN_SOURCE

DESCRIPTION         top

       nice() adds inc to the nice value for the calling process.  (A higher nice
       value means a low priority.)  Only the superuser may specify a negative
       increment, or priority increase.  The range for nice values is described in
       getpriority(2).

RETURN VALUE         top

       On success, the new nice value is returned (but see NOTES below).  On error,
       -1 is returned, and errno is set appropriately.

ERRORS         top

       EPERM  The calling process attempted to increase its priority by supplying a
              negative inc but has insufficient privileges.  Under Linux the
              CAP_SYS_NICE capability is required.  (But see the discussion of the
              RLIMIT_NICE resource limit in setrlimit(2).)

CONFORMING TO         top

       SVr4, 4.3BSD, POSIX.1-2001.  However, the Linux and (g)libc (earlier than
       glibc 2.2.4) return value is nonstandard, see below.  SVr4 documents an
       additional EINVAL error code.

NOTES         top

       SUSv2 and POSIX.1-2001 specify that nice() should return the new nice value.
       However, the Linux syscall and the nice() library function provided in older
       versions of (g)libc (earlier than glibc 2.2.4) return 0 on success.  The new
       nice value can be found using getpriority(2).

       Since glibc 2.2.4, nice() is implemented as a library function that calls
       getpriority(2) to obtain the new nice value to be returned to the caller.
       With this implementation, a successful call can legitimately return -1.  To
       reliably detect an error, set errno to 0 before the call, and check its value
       when nice() returns -1.

SEE ALSO         top

       nice(1), renice(1), fork(2), getpriority(2), setpriority(2), capabilities(7)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of release 3.32 of the Linux man-pages project.  A
       description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found
       at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.

Linux                                 2007-07-26                              NICE(2)

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